1
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Buonomo G, Acuña-Villaorduna C, Poongothai V, Dharmalingam M, Cintron C, Dauphinais M, Babu SP, Locks LM, Sarkar S, Salgame P, Hochberg NS, Lakshminaryanan S, Narasimhan PB, Sinha P. A micro-costing analysis of nutritional support for persons with TB and their families in India. Public Health Action 2023; 13:34-36. [PMID: 37359061 PMCID: PMC10290260 DOI: 10.5588/pha.22.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition is the leading risk factor for TB infection and death in India. We undertook a micro-costing analysis of a nutritional intervention for household contacts of people living with TB in Puducherry, India. We found that the total 6-month food cost for a family of four was USD4/day. We also identified several alternative regimens and cost-lowering strategies to encourage wider adoption of nutritional supplementation as a public health tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Buonomo
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Acuña-Villaorduna
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V Poongothai
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - M Dharmalingam
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - C Cintron
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Dauphinais
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S P Babu
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - L M Locks
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - P Salgame
- Center for Emerging Pathogens, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - N S Hochberg
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Lakshminaryanan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - P B Narasimhan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - P Sinha
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Knudsen S, Babu SP, Ramakrishnan J, Jenkins HE, Joseph N, Cintron C, Narasimhan PB, Salgame P, Hochberg NS, Hom DL, Ellner J, Horsburgh CR, Sarkar S. M. tuberculosis infection before, during and after pregnancy. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:72-74. [PMID: 36853122 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Knudsen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S P Babu
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - J Ramakrishnan
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - H E Jenkins
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - N Joseph
- Department of Microbiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | - C Cintron
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P B Narasimhan
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - P Salgame
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - N S Hochberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D L Hom
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - J Ellner
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - C R Horsburgh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA, Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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3
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Sinha P, Bhargava A, Carwile M, Cintron C, Cegielski JP, Lönnroth K, Bhargava M, Carter EJ, Koura KG, Hochberg NS. Undernutrition can no longer be an afterthought for global efforts to eliminate TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:477-480. [PMID: 35650703 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Sinha
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Bhargava
- Department of Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (deemed University), Mangalore, India, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, Center for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya (deemed University), Mangalore, India
| | | | | | - J P Cegielski
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Lönnroth
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Bhargava
- Center for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya (deemed University), Mangalore, India, Department of Community Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (deemed University), Mangalore, India
| | - E J Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, RI, USA
| | - K G Koura
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France, Communauté d´universités et établissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, École Nationale de Formation des Techniciens Supérieurs en Santé Publique et en Surveillance Epidémiologique, Université de Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - N S Hochberg
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Sinha P, Carwile ME, Cintron C, de Perez EC, Hochberg NS. Climate change and TB: the soil and seed conceptual framework. Public Health Action 2021; 11:108. [PMID: 34159072 DOI: 10.5588/pha.21.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Sinha
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M E Carwile
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Cintron
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Coughlan de Perez
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - N S Hochberg
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Roy N, Krishnamoorthy Y, Rajaa S, Ezhumalai K, Madhusudhanan S, Raghupathy K, Knudsen S, Horsburgh CR, Hochberg NS, Salgame P, Ellner J, Subitha L, Babu SP, Sarkar S. Health-related quality of life and its effect on TB treatment outcomes. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:318-320. [PMID: 33762076 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Roy
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Y Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - S Rajaa
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - K Ezhumalai
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - S Madhusudhanan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - K Raghupathy
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - S Knudsen
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - C R Horsburgh
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - N S Hochberg
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - P Salgame
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - J Ellner
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - L Subitha
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - S P Babu
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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6
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Sinha P, Carwile M, Bhargava A, Cintron C, Acuna-Villaorduna C, Lakshminarayan S, Liu AF, Kulatilaka N, Locks L, Hochberg NS. How much do Indians pay for tuberculosis treatment? A cost analysis. Public Health Action 2020; 10:110-117. [PMID: 33134125 DOI: 10.5588/pha.20.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting India's National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) covers diagnostic and therapeutic costs of TB treatment. However, persons living with TB (PLWTB) continue to experience financial distress due to direct costs (payment for testing, treatment, travel, hospitalization, and nutritional supplements) and indirect costs (lost wages, loan interest, and cost of domestic helpers). Objective To analyze the magnitude and pattern of TB-related costs from the perspective of Indian PLWTB. Design We identified relevant articles using key search terms ('tuberculosis,' 'India,' 'cost,' 'expenditures,' 'financing,' 'catastrophic' and 'out of pocket') and calculated variance-weighted mean costs. Results Indian patients incur substantial direct costs (mean: US$46.8). Mean indirect costs (US$666.6) constitute 93.4% of the net costs. Mean direct costs before diagnosis can be up to four-fold that of costs during treatment. Treatment in the private sector can result in costs up to six-fold higher than in government facilities. As many as one in three PLWTB in India experience catastrophic costs. Conclusion PLWTB in India face high direct and indirect costs. Priority interventions to realize India's goal of eliminating catastrophic costs from TB include decreasing diagnostic delays through active case finding, reducing the need for travel, improving awareness and perception of NTEP services, and ensuring sufficient reimbursement for inpatient TB care.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sinha
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - M Carwile
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - A Bhargava
- Department of Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, India.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Center for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - C Cintron
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - C Acuna-Villaorduna
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - S Lakshminarayan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - A F Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Kulatilaka
- Susilo Institute for Ethics in a Global Economy, Boston University Questrom School of Business, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Locks
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N S Hochberg
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA
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7
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Kubiak RW, Drain PK, Hochberg NS. How should body mass index inform active tuberculosis screening in diabetes clinics in Asia? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 24:753. [PMID: 32718417 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R W Kubiak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - P K Drain
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - N S Hochberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA, ,
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8
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Epstein RL, Bhagavathula M, Saag LA, Verma S, Kan CK, Mesick J, Kamineni P, White LF, Barnett ED, Salgame P, Hochberg NS. QuantiFERON ®-TB Gold In-Tube reliability for immigrants with parasitic infections in Boston, USA. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 23:482-490. [PMID: 31064628 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
<sec id="st1"> <title>SETTING</title> Accurate testing and treatment for latent tuberculous infection is necessary for tuberculosis elimination. Certain parasite infections are associated with increased tuberculin skin test positivity; species-specific effects on QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube (QGIT) have not been described. </sec> <sec id="st2"> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> To determine whether infection with helminths or protozoa affects QGIT results. </sec> <sec id="st3"> <title>DESIGN</title> We retrospectively analyzed QGIT and parasite testing results for immigrants screened in Boston, MA, USA, from 2012 to 2017. We also prospectively measured cytokines in QGIT supernatants for a subset (n = 68) with 1) helminths, 2) Blastocystis hominis, 3) other protozoa, and 4) no parasites. </sec> <sec id="st4"> <title>RESULTS</title> Of 527 immigrants screened, 141 (26.8%) were QGIT-positive and 229 (43.4%) had parasites detected: 27/527 (5.1%) had helminths and 202/527 (38.3%) protozoa. Cytokine analysis revealed increased interleukin-10 concentrations with protozoa (P = 0.04), and non-significantly higher T-helper 2 concentrations with helminths compared with no parasites. No significant differences emerged in QGIT positivity or interferon-gamma concentrations in any group. </sec> <sec id="st5"> <title>CONCLUSION</title> Study results support the use of QGIT in parasite-endemic settings. </sec>.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M Bhagavathula
- Centre for Emerging Pathogens, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - L A Saag
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, Department of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - S Verma
- Centre for Emerging Pathogens, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - C K Kan
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Mesick
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, California
| | - P Kamineni
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - L F White
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E D Barnett
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center
| | - P Salgame
- Centre for Emerging Pathogens, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - N S Hochberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Saag LA, LaValley MP, Hochberg NS, Cegielski JP, Pleskunas JA, Linas BP, Horsburgh CR. Low body mass index and latent tuberculous infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:358-365. [PMID: 29562981 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The well-documented association between underweight and increased incidence of active tuberculosis (TB) has not been extended to incidence or prevalence of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI). DESIGN After identifying studies that reported a categorical measure of body mass index (BMI) and used the tuberculin skin test (TST) or QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) to measure LTBI, a maximum likelihood random-effects model was used to examine the pooled association between LTBI and low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2), compared with 1) normal BMI (18.5-25 kg/m2) and 2) a complementary group of all others, i.e., non-underweight subjects (BMI 18.5 kg/m2). RESULTS Among studies using TST, the odds ratios (ORs) showed a slight, non-statistically significant decrease in the odds of TST positivity in underweight persons compared with both groups (non-underweight, OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.73-1.05; normal weight, OR 0.96, 95%CI 0.77-1.20). Among studies using QFT, the OR suggested slightly decreased, yet non-significant, odds of QFT positivity in underweight compared with non-underweight subjects (OR 0.92, 95%CI 0.68-1.26), and significantly decreased odds of QFT positivity in underweight compared with normal weight subjects (OR 0.84, 95%CI 0.73-0.98). CONCLUSION These results suggest that underweight persons are not at an increased risk of LTBI. Screening this population for LTBI would not increase the yield of identified LTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Saag
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics
| | | | - N S Hochberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J P Cegielski
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J A Pleskunas
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - B P Linas
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - C R Horsburgh
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Hochberg NS, Kubiak RW, Tibbs A, Elder H, Sharnprapai S, Etkind S, Horsburgh CR. Effectiveness of reporting on latent tuberculous infection in Massachusetts, 2006-2008. Public Health Action 2015; 4:53-5. [PMID: 26423762 DOI: 10.5588/pha.13.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Massachusetts is one of five states that mandate the reporting of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI). We assessed 2006-2008 Massachusetts surveillance data for LTBI to describe the system and examine the characteristics of persons with LTBI. Over 3 years, 15 301 LTBI cases were reported (4742-5398/year). Among those with known country of birth (n = 11 655), 9983 (85.7%) were foreign-born. Substantial under-ascertainment and/or under-reporting appear likely; mandatory reporting does not appear sufficient for LTBI detection. Enhanced targeted testing, active LTBI surveillance, or laboratory-based surveillance may be needed to eliminate tuberculosis disease in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Hochberg
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts ; Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R W Kubiak
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A Tibbs
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Elder
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S Sharnprapai
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Etkind
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C R Horsburgh
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Lown BA, Chen LH, Wilson ME, Sisson E, Gershman M, Yanni E, Jentes ES, Hochberg NS, Hamer DH, Barnett ED. Vaccine Administration Decision Making: The Case of Yellow Fever Vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:837-43. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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