1
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Adrian PJ, Bachmann B, Betti R, Birkel A, Heuer PV, Johnson MG, Kabadi NV, Knauer JP, Kunimune J, Li CK, Mannion OM, Petrasso RD, Regan SP, Rinderknecht HG, Stoeckl C, Séguin FH, Sorce A, Shah RC, Sutcliffe GD, Frenje JA. X-ray-imaging spectrometer (XRIS) for studies of residual kinetic energy and low-mode asymmetries in inertial confinement fusion implosions at OMEGA (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:113540. [PMID: 36461452 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A system of x-ray imaging spectrometer (XRIS) has been implemented at the OMEGA Laser Facility and is capable of spatially and spectrally resolving x-ray self-emission from 5 to 40 keV. The system consists of three independent imagers with nearly orthogonal lines of sight for 3D reconstructions of the x-ray emission region. The distinct advantage of the XRIS system is its large dynamic range, which is enabled by the use of tantalum apertures with radii ranging from 50 μm to 1 mm, magnifications of 4 to 35×, and image plates with any filtration level. In addition, XRIS is capable of recording 1-100's images along a single line of sight, facilitating advanced statistical inference on the detailed structure of the x-ray emitting regions. Properties such as P0 and P2 of an implosion are measured to 1% and 10% precision, respectively. Furthermore, Te can be determined with 5% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Adrian
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Bachmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Birkel
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P V Heuer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N V Kabadi
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J P Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Kunimune
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C K Li
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O M Mannion
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F H Séguin
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R C Shah
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G D Sutcliffe
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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2
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Sutcliffe GD, Pearcy JA, Johnson TM, Adrian PJ, Kabadi NV, Pollock B, Moody JD, Petrasso RD, Li CK. Experiments on the dynamics and scaling of spontaneous-magnetic-field saturation in laser-produced plasmas. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:L063202. [PMID: 35854613 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.l063202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In laser-produced high-energy-density plasmas, large-scale strong magnetic fields are spontaneously generated by the Biermann battery effects when temperature and density gradients are misaligned. Saturation of the magnetic field takes place when convection and dissipation balance field generation. While theoretical and numerical modeling provide useful insight into the saturation mechanisms, experimental demonstration remains elusive. In this letter, we report an experiment on the saturation dynamics and scaling of Biermann battery magnetic field in the regime where plasma convection dominates. With time-gated charged-particle radiography and time-resolved Thomson scattering, the field structure and evolution as well as corresponding plasma conditions are measured. In these conditions, the spatially resolved magnetic fields are reconstructed, leading to a picture of field saturation with a scaling of B∼1/L_{T} for a convectively dominated plasma, a regime where the temperature gradient scale (L_{T}) exceeds the ion skin depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Sutcliffe
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J A Pearcy
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T M Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P J Adrian
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N V Kabadi
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C K Li
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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3
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Bose A, Peebles J, Walsh CA, Frenje JA, Kabadi NV, Adrian PJ, Sutcliffe GD, Gatu Johnson M, Frank CA, Davies JR, Betti R, Glebov VY, Marshall FJ, Regan SP, Stoeckl C, Campbell EM, Sio H, Moody J, Crilly A, Appelbe BD, Chittenden JP, Atzeni S, Barbato F, Forte A, Li CK, Seguin FH, Petrasso RD. Effect of Strongly Magnetized Electrons and Ions on Heat Flow and Symmetry of Inertial Fusion Implosions. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:195002. [PMID: 35622051 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.195002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This Letter presents the first observation on how a strong, 500 kG, externally applied B field increases the mode-two asymmetry in shock-heated inertial fusion implosions. Using a direct-drive implosion with polar illumination and imposed field, we observed that magnetization produces a significant increase in the implosion oblateness (a 2.5× larger P2 amplitude in x-ray self-emission images) compared with reference experiments with identical drive but with no field applied. The implosions produce strongly magnetized electrons (ω_{e}τ_{e}≫1) and ions (ω_{i}τ_{i}>1) that, as shown using simulations, restrict the cross field heat flow necessary for lateral distribution of the laser and shock heating from the implosion pole to the waist, causing the enhanced mode-two shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bose
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - J Peebles
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - C A Walsh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - N V Kabadi
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P J Adrian
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G D Sutcliffe
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C A Frank
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - J R Davies
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - V Yu Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - F J Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - H Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - J Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - A Crilly
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - B D Appelbe
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - J P Chittenden
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Atzeni
- Dipartimento SBAI, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - F Barbato
- Dipartimento SBAI, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - A Forte
- Dipartimento SBAI, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C K Li
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - F H Seguin
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Kabadi NV, Simpson R, Adrian PJ, Bose A, Frenje JA, Gatu Johnson M, Lahmann B, Li CK, Parker CE, Séguin FH, Sutcliffe GD, Petrasso RD, Atzeni S, Eriksson J, Forrest C, Fess S, Glebov VY, Janezic R, Mannion OM, Rinderknecht HG, Rosenberg MJ, Stoeckl C, Kagan G, Hoppe M, Luo R, Schoff M, Shuldberg C, Sio HW, Sanchez J, Hopkins LB, Schlossberg D, Hahn K, Yeamans C. Thermal decoupling of deuterium and tritium during the inertial confinement fusion shock-convergence phase. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:L013201. [PMID: 34412205 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.l013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of thin glass-shell shock-driven DT gas-filled capsule implosions was conducted at the OMEGA laser facility. These experiments generate conditions relevant to the central plasma during the shock-convergence phase of ablatively driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions. The spectral temperatures inferred from the DTn and DDn spectra are most consistent with a two-ion-temperature plasma, where the initial apparent temperature ratio, T_{T}/T_{D}, is 1.5. This is an experimental confirmation of the long-standing conjecture that plasma shocks couple energy directly proportional to the species mass in multi-ion plasmas. The apparent temperature ratio trend with equilibration time matches expected thermal equilibration described by hydrodynamic theory. This indicates that deuterium and tritium ions have different energy distributions for the time period surrounding shock convergence in ignition-relevant ICF implosions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Kabadi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Simpson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P J Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Bose
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Lahmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C E Parker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F H Séguin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G D Sutcliffe
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Atzeni
- Dipartimento SBAI, Universit'a degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - J Eriksson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Forrest
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Fess
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V Yu Glebov
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Janezic
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - O M Mannion
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M J Rosenberg
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Kagan
- Centre for Inertial Fusion Studies, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - R Luo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - M Schoff
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - C Shuldberg
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - H W Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Sanchez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L Berzak Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Schlossberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K Hahn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Yeamans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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5
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Adrian PJ, Frenje J, Aguirre B, Bachmann B, Birkel A, Johnson MG, Kabadi NV, Lahmann B, Li CK, Mannion OM, Martin W, Mohamed ZL, Regan SP, Rinderknecht HG, Scheiner B, Schmitt MJ, Séguin FH, Shah RC, Sio H, Sorce C, Sutcliffe GD, Petrasso RD. An x-ray penumbral imager for measurements of electron-temperature profiles in inertial confinement fusion implosions at OMEGA. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:043548. [PMID: 34243391 DOI: 10.1063/5.0041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hot-spot shape and electron temperature (Te) are key performance metrics used to assess the efficiency of converting shell kinetic energy into hot-spot thermal energy in inertial confinement fusion implosions. X-ray penumbral imaging offers a means to diagnose hot-spot shape and Te, where the latter can be used as a surrogate measure of the ion temperature (Ti) in sufficiently equilibrated hot spots. We have implemented a new x-ray penumbral imager on OMEGA. We demonstrate minimal line-of-sight variations in the inferred Te for a set of implosions. Furthermore, we demonstrate spatially resolved Te measurements with an average uncertainty of 10% with 6 μm spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Adrian
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center: MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center: MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Aguirre
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - B Bachmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Birkel
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center: MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center: MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N V Kabadi
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center: MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Lahmann
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center: MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C K Li
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center: MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O M Mannion
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics: University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Martin
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Z L Mohamed
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics: University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics: University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics: University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Scheiner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - M J Schmitt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - F H Séguin
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center: MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R C Shah
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics: University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics: University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G D Sutcliffe
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center: MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center: MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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6
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Przybocki R, Johnson MG, Sutcliffe G, Lahmann B, Seguin FH, Frenje J, Adrian P, Johnson TM, Pearcy J, Kabadi NV, Birkel A, Petrasso RD. Response of CR-39 nuclear track detectors to protons with non-normal incidence. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:013504. [PMID: 33514215 DOI: 10.1063/5.0029230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents data from experiments with protons at non-normal incidence to CR-39 nuclear track detectors, analyzing the properties of detection efficiency, proton track diameter, track contrast, and track eccentricity. Understanding the CR-39 response to protons incident at an angle is important for designing charged particle detectors for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) applications. This study considers protons with incident energies less than 3 MeV. In this regime, an incident angle of 10° has no effect on CR-39 detection efficiency, and >85% detection efficiency is preserved up through 25° in the range of 1.0 MeV-2.1 MeV. For ICF applications, incident angles above 30° are deemed impractical for detector design due to significant drops in proton detection at all energies. We observe significant reductions in detection efficiency compared to theoretical predictions, particularly at low energies where proton tracks are etched away. The proton track diameter measured by the scan system is observed to decrease with higher incident angles. The track diameters are analyzed with two fitting models, and it is shown that the diameter-energy relation can be fit with the existing models at angles up to 30°. The optical contrast of the tracks tends to increase with the angle, meaning that the tracks are fainter, and a larger increase is observed for higher energies. Eccentricity, a measure of how elongated proton tracks are, increases with the incident angle and drops after the critical angle. The lowest energy tracks remain nearly circular even at higher angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Przybocki
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Sutcliffe
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Lahmann
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F H Seguin
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Adrian
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T M Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Pearcy
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N V Kabadi
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Birkel
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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7
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Ruby JJ, Rygg JR, Chin DA, Gaffney JA, Adrian PJ, Bishel D, Forrest CJ, Glebov VY, Kabadi NV, Nilson PM, Ping Y, Stoeckl C, Collins GW. Constraining physical models at gigabar pressures. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:053210. [PMID: 33327091 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.053210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
High-energy-density (HED) experiments in convergent geometry are able to test physical models at pressures beyond hundreds of millions of atmospheres. The measurements from these experiments are generally highly integrated and require unique analysis techniques to procure quantitative information. This work describes a methodology to constrain the physics in convergent HED experiments by adapting the methods common to many other fields of physics. As an example, a mechanical model of an imploding shell is constrained by data from a thin-shelled direct-drive exploding-pusher experiment on the OMEGA laser system using Bayesian inference, resulting in the reconstruction of the shell dynamics and energy transfer during the implosion. The model is tested by analyzing synthetic data from a one-dimensional hydrodynamics code and is sampled using a Markov chain Monte Carlo to generate the posterior distributions of the model parameters. The goal of this work is to demonstrate a general methodology that can be used to draw conclusions from a wide variety of HED experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Ruby
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.,Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.,Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D A Chin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.,Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J A Gaffney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P J Adrian
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Bishel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.,Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C J Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - V Yu Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - N V Kabadi
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.,Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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8
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Ruby JJ, Rygg JR, Chin DA, Gaffney JA, Adrian PJ, Forrest CJ, Glebov VY, Kabadi NV, Nilson PM, Ping Y, Stoeckl C, Collins GW. Energy Flow in Thin Shell Implosions and Explosions. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:215001. [PMID: 33274978 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.215001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy flow and balance in convergent systems beyond petapascal energy densities controls the fate of late-stage stars and the potential for controlling thermonuclear inertial fusion ignition. Time-resolved x-ray self-emission imaging combined with a Bayesian inference analysis is used to describe the energy flow and the potential information stored in the rebounding spherical shock at 0.22 PPa (2.2 Gbar or billions of atmospheres pressure). This analysis, together with a simple mechanical model, describes the trajectory of the shell and the time history of the pressure at the fuel-shell interface, ablation pressure, and energy partitioning including kinetic energy of the shell and internal energy of the fuel. The techniques used here provide a fully self-consistent uncertainty analysis of integrated implosion data, a thermodynamic-path independent measurement of pressure in the petapascal range, and can be used to deduce the energy flow in a wide variety of implosion systems to petapascal energy densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Ruby
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D A Chin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J A Gaffney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P J Adrian
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C J Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - V Yu Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - N V Kabadi
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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9
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Sio H, Frenje JA, Le A, Atzeni S, Kwan TJT, Gatu Johnson M, Kagan G, Stoeckl C, Li CK, Parker CE, Forrest CJ, Glebov V, Kabadi NV, Bose A, Rinderknecht HG, Amendt P, Casey DT, Mancini R, Taitano WT, Keenan B, Simakov AN, Chacón L, Regan SP, Sangster TC, Campbell EM, Seguin FH, Petrasso RD. Observations of Multiple Nuclear Reaction Histories and Fuel-Ion Species Dynamics in Shock-Driven Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:035001. [PMID: 30735406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fuel-ion species dynamics in hydrodynamiclike shock-driven DT^{3}He-filled inertial confinement fusion implosion is quantitatively assessed for the first time using simultaneously measured D^{3}He and DT reaction histories. These reaction histories are measured with the particle x-ray temporal diagnostic, which captures the relative timing between different nuclear burns with unprecedented precision (∼10 ps). The observed 50±10 ps earlier D^{3}He reaction history timing (relative to DT) cannot be explained by average-ion hydrodynamic simulations and is attributed to fuel-ion species separation between the D, T, and ^{3}He ions during shock convergence and rebound. At the onset of the shock burn, inferred ^{3}He/T fuel ratio in the burn region using the measured reaction histories is much higher as compared to the initial gas-filled ratio. As T and ^{3}He have the same mass but different charge, these results indicate that the charge-to-mass ratio plays an important role in driving fuel-ion species separation during strong shock propagation even for these hydrodynamiclike plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sio
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Le
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Atzeni
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - T J T Kwan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Kagan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C K Li
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C E Parker
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C J Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N V Kabadi
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Bose
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - P Amendt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D T Casey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - R Mancini
- Physics Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA
| | - W T Taitano
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Keenan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A N Simakov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Chacón
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - F H Seguin
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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10
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Kabadi NV, Sio H, Glebov V, Gatu Johnson M, MacPhee A, Frenje JA, Li CK, Seguin F, Petrasso R, Forrest C, Knauer J, Rinderknecht HG. Sensitivity of chemical vapor deposition diamonds to DD and DT neutrons at OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11D817. [PMID: 27910431 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The particle-time-of-flight (pTOF) detector at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is used routinely to measure nuclear bang-times in inertial confinement fusion implosions. The active detector medium in pTOF is a chemical vapor deposition diamond. Calibration of the detectors sensitivity to neutrons and protons would allow measurement of nuclear bang times and hot spot areal density (ρR) on a single diagnostic. This study utilizes data collected at both NIF and Omega in an attempt to determine pTOF's absolute sensitivity to neutrons. At Omega pTOF's sensitivity to DT-n is found to be stable to within 8% at different bias voltages. At the NIF pTOF's sensitivity to DD-n varies by up to 59%. This variability must be decreased substantially for pTOF to function as a neutron yield detector at the NIF. Some possible causes of this variability are ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Kabadi
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Sio
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A MacPhee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C K Li
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Seguin
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Petrasso
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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