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Liu DS, Wang YH, Zeng ZR, Zhang ZY, Lu H, Xu JM, Du YQ, Li Y, Wang JB, Xu SP, Chen Y, Lan CH, Cheng H, Jiang MD, Zhang LX, Huo LJ, Chen SY, Zhang GX, Wu KC, Zhu X, Chen YX, Zhu Y, Shu X, Xie Y, Lu NH. Primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Chinese patients: a multiregion prospective 7-year study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 24:780.e5-780.e8. [PMID: 29138101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the characteristics of Helicobacter pylori resistance in China and the association between antibiotic resistance and several clinical factors. METHODS H. pylori strains were collected from patients in 13 provinces or cities in China between 2010 and 2016. Demographic data including type of disease, geographic area, age, gender and isolation year were collected to analyse their association with antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance was detected using the Etest test and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS H. pylori were successfully cultured from 1117 patients. The prevalence of metronidazole, clarithromycin (CLA), azithromycin, levofloxacin (LEV), moxifloxacin, amoxicillin (AMO), tetracycline and rifampicin resistance was 78.2, 22.1, 23.3, 19.2, 17.2, 3.4, 1.9 and 1.5%, respectively. No resistance to furazolidone was observed. The resistance rates to LEV and moxifloxacin were higher in strains isolated from patients with gastritis compared to those with duodenal ulcer and among women. Compared to patients ≥40 years old, younger patients exhibited lower resistance rates to CLA, azithromycin, LEV and moxifloxacin. The resistance rates to CLA and AMO were higher in strains isolated more recently, and we also found that the prevalence of resistance to metronidazole, CLA, azithromycin and AMO were significantly different among different regions of China. CONCLUSIONS The resistance rates to metronidazole, CLA and LEV were high in China. Patient age, gender, disease and location were associated with the resistance of H. pylori to some antibiotics. Furazolidone, AMO and tetracycline are better choices for H. pylori treatment in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-S Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Y-H Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Z-R Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Z-Y Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J-M Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Y-Q Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Liaoning Province, China
| | - J-B Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - S-P Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, HuBei Province, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C-H Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital and the Research Institute of Surgery of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - M-D Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Sichuan Province, China
| | - L-X Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - L-J Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province, China
| | - S-Y Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - G-X Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - K-C Wu
- Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - X Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Y-X Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - X Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Y Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - N-H Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Hu Y, Wan JH, Li XY, Zhu Y, Graham DY, Lu NH. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the global recurrence rate of Helicobacter pylori. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:773-779. [PMID: 28892184 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up-to-date information regarding the recurrence rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) after eradication therapy is not available. AIM To evaluate the global recurrence rate following H. pylori eradication therapy and confirm its association with socioeconomic and sanitary conditions. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library was performed to identify potentially relevant publications using the following keywords: "Helicobacter pylori" or "H. pylori" or "Hp" and "recurrence" or "recrudescence" or "reinfection" or "recurrent" or "recurred" or "re-infect*" or "relapse*." RESULTS A total of 132 studies (53 934 patient-years) were analysed. Each study was weighted according to the duration of patient-years. The global annual recurrence, reinfection and recrudescence rate of H. pylori were 4.3% (95% CI, 4-5), 3.1% (95% CI, 2-5) and 2.2% (95% CI, 1-3), respectively. The H. pylori recurrence rate was inversely related to the human development index (HDI) (ie, 3.1% [95% CI, 2-4], 6.2% [95% CI, 4-8] and 10.9% [95% CI, 6-18] in countries with a very high, high and medium or low HDI) (P <.01) and directly related to H. pylori prevalence (10.9% [95% CI, 7-16], 3.7% [95% CI, 3-5], 3.4% [95% CI, 2-5] and 1.6% [95% CI, 0.5-3] in countries with a very high, high, medium or low local H. pylori prevalence) (P <.01). Global recurrence rates remained relatively stable between 1990s, 2000s and 2010s but varied across different regions (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS H. pylori recurrence remains a problem closely associated with socioeconomic and sanitary conditions. Methods to reduce recurrence in developing countries are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - J-H Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - X-Y Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - D Y Graham
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N-H Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Abstract
Acanthus ilicifolius (family Acanthaceae) grows mainly in tropical coastal areas and is an important medicinal plant that can be used to treat asthma, rheumatism, etc. In July 2013, symptoms of black spots on the leaves of A. ilicifolius were observed in the Mangrove Conservation Area of Shenzhen Futian (22°32' N, 114°03' E) and Leizhou peninsula (20°12'~21°35' N, 109°30'~110°55' E), Guangdong Province, China. Initial symptoms of the disease were a small, dark brown spots (4 to 5 × 4 to 6 mm) surrounded by a yellow halo (1 to 2 mm in diameter), that would later extend to round or irregular black spots. Leaves eventually turned chlorotic and plants defoliated. Tissues from symptomatic leaves were excised, surface sterilized with 75% ethanol solution (v/v) for 20 s, soaked in 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 45 s, rinsed three times in sterile water, cut into small pieces (2 to 3 mm), plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated 3 to 5 days at 28°C without light. Four isolates named from LSL-1 to LSL-4 with different morphological characteristics were obtained. To fulfill Koch's postulates, wounded and non-wounded leaves were inoculated. Fresh wounds were made with a sterile needle on detached leaves and on living plants. Mycelial plugs of each isolate were applied and covered with a piece of wet cotton to maintain moisture. For the control, the healthy leaves were inoculated with PDA plugs. All treatments were incubated at room temperature. Black spots were observed on the wounded leaves inoculated with isolate LSL-1 after 3 days, while the other three isolates and the control remained symptomless, and the pathogen similar to LSL-1 was re-isolated from the diseased leaves. Non-wounded leaves didn't become infected. The pathogenic test was repeated three times with the same conditions, and it was confirmed that LSL-1 was the pathogen causing the black spot of A. ilicifolius. Identification of the pathogen was conducted using morphological and molecular characteristics. Hyphal tips of LSL-1 were transferred to PDA medium in petri dishes for morphological observation. Two types of conidia were observed. The macroconidia were cylindrical to slightly curved, falciform shaped, with two to four septa, and measured 39 to 45 × 4.7 to 5.0 μm. The microconidia were oval to kidney shaped, single celled, 8 to 10 × 2.5 to 3.5 μm. Chlamydospores were also observed, produced singly or in pairs. Based on morphology (1,4), the isolate was tentatively identified as Fusarium solani. For molecular identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA, beta-tubulin gene, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) gene was amplified using the ITS1/ITS4 (5), ITS4/ITS5 (5), T1/T2 (2) and EF1/EF2 (3) primer pairs. The gene sequences were deposited in GenBank (KJ720639 for the ITS1/ITS4 region, KF826493 for the ITS4/ITS5 region, KJ720638 for the beta-tubulin, and KF826492 for EF-1α region) and showed 99% identity to the F. solani strains (AY633746 for ITS1/ITS4 region, AM412637 for ITS4/ITS5 region, KF255996 for beta-tubulin region, DQ246859 for EF-1α region). According to these results, the pathogen of black spot of A. ilicifolius was identified as F. solani. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani causing black spot of A. ilicifolius in China. References: (1) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell, Ames, IA, 2006. (2) K. O'Donnell and E. Cigelnik. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 7:103, 1997. (3) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:2044, 1998. (4) B. A. Pérez et al. Plant Dis. 91:1053, 2007. (5) A. W. Zhang et al. Plant Dis. 81:1143, 1997.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-R Su
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - H He
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Q-Z Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - N-H Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Y-B Zhang
- Monitoring Center for Marine Resources and Environments, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
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Abstract
Avicennia marina is a pioneer species of mangroves, a woody plant community that periodically emerges in the intertidal zone of estuarine regions in tropical and subtropical regions. In February 2013, a new disease that caused the stems of A. marina to blacken and die was found in Techeng Island of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. Initial symptoms of the disease were water-soaked brown spots on the biennial stems that coalesced so whole stems browned, twigs and branches withered, leaves defoliated, and finally trees died. This disease has the potential to threaten the ecology of the local A. marina community. From February to May 2013, 11 symptomatic trees were collected in three locations on the island and the pathogen was isolated as followed: tissues were surface disinfected with 75% ethanol solution (v/v) for 20 s, soaked in 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 45 s, rinsed with sterilized water three times, dried, placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated for 3 to 5 days at 28°C without light. Five isolates (KW1 to KW5) with different morphological characteristics were obtained, and pathogenic tests were done according Koch's postulates. Fresh wounds were made with a sterile needle on healthy biennial stems of A. marina, and mycelial plugs of each isolate were applied and covered with a piece of wet cotton to maintain moisture. All treated plants were incubated at room temperature. Similar symptoms of black stem were observed only on the stems inoculated the isolate KW5 after 35 days, while the control and all stems inoculated with the other isolates remained symptomless. An isolate similar to KW5 was re-isolated from the affected materials. The pathogenic test was repeated three times with the same conditions and it was confirmed that KW5 was the pathogen causing the black stem of A. marina. Hyphal tips of KW5 were transferred to PDA medium in petri dishes for morphological observation. After 48 to 72 h, white, orange, or brown flocculence patches of KW5 mycelium, 5.0 to 6.0 cm in diameter, grew. Tapering and spindle falciform macroconidia (11 to 17.3 μm long × 1.5 to 2.5 μm wide) with an obviously swelled central cell and narrow strips of apical cells and distinctive foot cells were visible under the optical microscope. The conidiogenous cells were intertwined with mycelia and the chlamydospores were globose and formed in clusters. These morphological characteristics of the isolate KW5 are characteristic of Fusarium equiseti (1). For molecular identification, the ITS of ribosomal DNA, β-tubulin, and EF-1α genes were amplified using the ITS4/ITS5 (5), T1/T2 (2), and EF1/EF2 (3) primer pairs. These sequences were deposited in GenBank (KF515650 for the ITS region; KF747330 for β-tubulin region, and KF747331 for EF-1α region) and showed 98 to 99% identity to F. equiseti strains (HQ332532 for ITS region, JX241676 for β-tubulin gene, and GQ505666 for EF-1α region). According to both morphological and sequences analysis, the pathogen of the black stem of A. marina was identified as F. equiseti. Similar symptoms on absorbing rootlets and trunks of A. marina had been reported in central coastal Queensland, but the pathogen was identified as Phytophthora sp. (4). Therefore, the disease reported in this paper differs from that reported in central coastal Queensland. To our knowledge, this is the first report of black stems of A. marina caused by F. equiseti in China. References: (1) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual, 1st ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ, 2006. (2) K. O'Donnell and E. Cigelnik. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 7:103, 1997. (3) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:2044, 1998. (4) K. G. Pegg. Aust et al. Plant Pathol. 3:6, 1980. (5) A. W. Zhang et al. Plant Dis. 81:1143, 1997.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-H Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Q-Z Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - H He
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - K-W Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Y-B Zhang
- Monitoring Center for Marine Resources and Environments, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
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Chen CQ, Zheng WM, Buchenauer H, Huang LL, Lu NH, Kang ZS. Isolation of microsatellite loci from expressed sequence tag library of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Mol Ecol Resour 2008; 9:236-8. [PMID: 21564613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We described twenty polymorphic microsatellite loci derived from the expressed sequence tags of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, which causes yellow rust disease on wheat. The numbers of alleles range from two to six and eight microsatellite loci show significant similarities to known genes. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.12 to 0.78 and from 0.24 to 0.87, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Chen
- College of Plant Protection and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China, Institute of Phytomedicine, University Hohenheim, D-70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori , the main cause of chronic gastritis, is a class 1 gastric carcinogen. However, it remains unclear whether H. pylori affects molecular alterations in chronic gastritis. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the effect of H. pylori eradication on the expression of human telomerase RNA (hTR), human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), c-myc and proliferation nuclear cell antigen (PCNA) in H. pylori associated chronic gastritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS hTR was determined by in situ hybridization, hTERT, c-myc and PCNA were detected by immunohistochemistry using stomach tissues obtained from 39 H. pylori-infected and 21 H. pylori-negative patients with chronic gastritis before and after H. pylori eradication therapy or treatment for symptom relief only. RESULTS Levels of hTR, hTERT, c-myc and PCNA were significantly higher in H. pylori-infected mucosa (51.3%, 53.8%, 53.8% and 16.8 +/- 5.8, respectively) when compared to H. pylori-negative mucosa before therapy (19.0%, 23.8%, 28.6%, 8.8 +/- 3.4, respectively; P < 0.05 in all cases). In patients with successful eradication of H. pylori the levels of hTR, hTERT, c-myc and PCNA (55.5%, 59.3%, 59.3%, 16.8 +/- 5.8, respectively) were significantly reduced after the therapy (22.2%, 22.2%, 14.8%, 7.0 +/- 5.0, respectively; P < 0.05 in all cases). In the H. pylori failed eradication and H. pylori-negative groups, there was no statistical difference in all four measurements. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori infection may induce the overexpression of hTR, hTERT, c-myc and stimulate cell proliferation. Eradication of H. pylori may reverse the aberrant expression of these oncoproteins and thus correct the abnormal cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Abstract
We present the implementation of a short-tip tapping-mode tuning fork near-field scanning optical microscope. Tapping frequency dependences of the piezoelectric signal amplitudes for a bare tuning fork fixed on the ceramic plate, a short-tip tapping-mode tuning fork scheme and an ordinary tapping-mode tuning fork configuration with an 80-cm optical fibre attached are demonstrated and compared. Our experimental results show that this new short-tip tapping-mode tuning fork scheme provides a stable and high Q factor at the tapping frequency of the tuning fork and will be very helpful when long optical fibre probes have to be used in an experiment. Both collection and excitation modes of short-tip tapping-mode tuning fork near-field scanning optical microscope are applied to study the near-field optical properties of a single-mode telecommunication optical fibre and a green InGaN/GaN multiquantum well light-emitting diode.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Lu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, De Lin Institute of Technology, Tuchen, Taipei County, Taiwan, 23646, R.O.C.
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Abstract
The newly developed inverted tapping-mode tuning-fork near-field scanning optical microscopy (TMTF-NSOM) is used to study the local near-field optical properties of strained AlGaInP/Ga0.4In0.6P low power visible multiquantum-well laser diodes. In contrast to shear-force mode NSOM, TMTF-NSOM provides the function to acquire the evanescent wave intensity ratio /I(2omega)/ / /I(omega)/ image, from which the evanescent wave decay coefficient q can be evaluated for a known tapping amplitude. Moreover, we probe the near-field stimulated emission spectrum, which gives the free-space laser light wavelength lambda(o) and the index of refraction nr of the laser diode resonant cavity. Once q, lambda(o), and n(r) are all measured, we can determine the angle of incidence theta(o) of the dominant totally internally reflected waves incident on the front mirror facet of the resonator. Determination of such an angle is very important in modelling the stability of the laser diode resonator.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Lu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Sze-hai Institute of Technology and Commerce, Tuchen Taipei County, 236 Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lu NH, Hsu TM. Electromodulation spectra of a single AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs modulation-doped heterojunction: Experiment and theory. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:8191-8197. [PMID: 9979817 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.8191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Lu NH. [Oculocardiac reflex during ocular muscle operation under acupuncture anesthesia: A comparison between electrocardiograms of two groups of 30 cases each with local and acupuncture anesthesia (author's transl)]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 1980; 16:35-9. [PMID: 6788489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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