Effect of Eggshell Nanoparticles on Healing Bone Fracture

Eggshell waste is considered the most abundant waste material from food processing technologies. Despite the freakish features that its components possess, it is very often discarded without further application. Nowadays, most researchers are focusing their research on pollution-free environment, biodegradable character, and balanced ecological aspects while fabricating the composite materials rather than mechanical strengths, costs, and processing methodologies. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the eggshell nanoparticles on the enhanced treatment of a bone fracture. The samples included 10 healthy female New Zealand white rabbits with an average body weight of 3 kg and age of 4 months years old. The animals were kept in an open place. All these ten rabbits had a fracture by making a surgical operation conducted by opening and excluding the muscle and anther tissue, followed by cutting the bone using a special small saw. After the operational step, the animals were divided into two groups (n=5). The fractures were checked by X-ray. The negative control group was left without treatment, however, was given 0.2 mL intraperitoneal saline injection weekly. The experimental group underwent treatment with 200 mg/kg of calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO₃-NPs) for 4 weeks. The animals were sacrificed at the end of the study period to collect organs for histological studies. Considering the results of the radiographic examination before and after treatment with CaCO₃-NPs, the recorded data showed the speed of healing in the experimental group, compared to the control group. Regarding the histological study that was carried out on the vital organs, such as the liver, kidneys, heart, and lung, no side effects appeared when comparing the treatment group with the control group, except for some slight changes. In conclusion, the recorded data in the current study demonstrated that CaCO₃-NPs had a beneficial effect on the pace of fracture recovery.