1
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Sanchez AD, Peterson SM, Reichelt M, Amador CM, Martinez-Martin N, Cao S. Receptor Interactome Discovery with RDIMIS, a Membrane Protein Interaction Screen Using Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e483. [PMID: 35822836 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane protein interactions are challenging to identify because of the unique biophysical characteristics of both transmembrane proteins and membrane environments. The Receptor Display in Membranes Interaction Screen (RDIMIS) platform overcomes these challenges by screening transmembrane and membrane-proximal proteins in a membrane environment using recombinant extracellular vesicles (rEVs). The screen has been used to successfully identify interactions for difficult-to-study receptors in an unbiased manner. In this report, we detail how we generate rEVs, characterize the rEVs to ensure screen-readiness, and perform the full interaction screening, with emphasis on the criteria necessary to obtain clear, interpretable results. We also include support protocols for generating a screening library and validating screening results, as well as an alternate protocol for RDIMIS enabling the profiling of naturally occurring extracellular vesicles. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Generating and isolating extracellular vesicles from cells Basic Protocol 2: Characterizing recombinant extracellular vesicles Support Protocol 1: Preparing the receptor screening library Basic Protocol 3: Performing the Receptor Display in Membranes Interaction Screen (RDIMIS) Support Protocol 2: Validating RDIMIS results using microscopy Alternate Protocol: Detecting unlabeled endogenous vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana D Sanchez
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Sean M Peterson
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
- Current address: Cell Biology, Twist Bioscience, South San Francisco, California
| | - Mike Reichelt
- Current address: Pathology Labs, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Christian M Amador
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
- Current address: Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
- Current address: Infectious Disease, Regeneron, Tarrytown, New York
| | - Shengya Cao
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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2
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Kschonsak M, Johnson MC, Schelling R, Green EM, Rougé L, Ho H, Patel N, Kilic C, Kraft E, Arthur CP, Rohou AL, Comps-Agrar L, Martinez-Martin N, Perez L, Payandeh J, Ciferri C. Structural basis for HCMV Pentamer receptor recognition and antibody neutralization. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm2536. [PMID: 35275719 PMCID: PMC8916737 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm2536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) represents the viral leading cause of congenital birth defects and uses the gH/gL/UL128-130-131A complex (Pentamer) to enter different cell types, including epithelial and endothelial cells. Upon infection, Pentamer elicits the most potent neutralizing response against HCMV, representing a key vaccine candidate. Despite its relevance, the structural basis for Pentamer receptor recognition and antibody neutralization is largely unknown. Here, we determine the structures of Pentamer bound to neuropilin 2 (NRP2) and a set of potent neutralizing antibodies against HCMV. Moreover, we identify thrombomodulin (THBD) as a functional HCMV receptor and determine the structures of the Pentamer-THBD complex. Unexpectedly, both NRP2 and THBD also promote dimerization of Pentamer. Our results provide a framework for understanding HCMV receptor engagement, cell entry, antibody neutralization, and outline strategies for antiviral therapies against HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kschonsak
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew C. Johnson
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rachel Schelling
- University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Center for Human Immunology (CHIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evan M. Green
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lionel Rougé
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hoangdung Ho
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nidhi Patel
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cem Kilic
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Edward Kraft
- Department of Biomolecular Resources, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christopher P. Arthur
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alexis L. Rohou
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Laetitia Comps-Agrar
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Laurent Perez
- University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Center for Human Immunology (CHIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Payandeh
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Claudio Ciferri
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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3
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Astarita JL, Keerthivasan S, Husain B, Şenbabaoğlu Y, Verschueren E, Gierke S, Pham VC, Peterson SM, Chalouni C, Pierce AA, Lill JR, Gonzalez LC, Martinez-Martin N, Turley SJ. The neutrophil protein CD177 is a novel PDPN receptor that regulates human cancer-associated fibroblast physiology. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260800. [PMID: 34879110 PMCID: PMC8654239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) marker podoplanin (PDPN) is generally correlated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients and thus represents a promising therapeutic target. Despite its biomedical relevance, basic aspects of PDPN biology such as its cellular functions and cell surface ligands remain poorly uncharacterized, thus challenging drug development. Here, we utilize a high throughput platform to elucidate the PDPN cell surface interactome, and uncover the neutrophil protein CD177 as a new binding partner. Quantitative proteomics analysis of the CAF phosphoproteome reveals a role for PDPN in cell signaling, growth and actomyosin contractility, among other processes. Moreover, cellular assays demonstrate that CD177 is a functional antagonist, recapitulating the phenotype observed in PDPN-deficient CAFs. In sum, starting from the unbiased elucidation of the PDPN co-receptome, our work provides insights into PDPN functions and reveals the PDPN/CD177 axis as a possible modulator of fibroblast physiology in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L. Astarita
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shilpa Keerthivasan
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bushra Husain
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yasin Şenbabaoğlu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Erik Verschueren
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah Gierke
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Victoria C. Pham
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Peterson
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cecile Chalouni
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew A. Pierce
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jennie R. Lill
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lino C. Gonzalez
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJT); (NMM)
| | - Shannon J. Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJT); (NMM)
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4
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Cao S, Peterson SM, Müller S, Reichelt M, McRoberts Amador C, Martinez-Martin N. A membrane protein display platform for receptor interactome discovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2025451118. [PMID: 34531301 PMCID: PMC8488672 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025451118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface receptors are critical for cell signaling and constitute a quarter of all human genes. Despite their importance and abundance, receptor interaction networks remain understudied because of difficulties associated with maintaining membrane proteins in their native conformation and their typically weak interactions. To overcome these challenges, we developed an extracellular vesicle-based method for membrane protein display that enables purification-free and high-throughput detection of receptor-ligand interactions in membranes. We demonstrate that this platform is broadly applicable to a variety of membrane proteins, enabling enhanced detection of extracellular interactions over a wide range of binding affinities. We were able to recapitulate and expand the interactome for prominent members of the B7 family of immunoregulatory proteins such as PD-L1/CD274 and B7-H3/CD276. Moreover, when applied to the orphan cancer-associated fibroblast protein, LRRC15, we identified a membrane-dependent interaction with the tumor stroma marker TEM1/CD248. Furthermore, this platform enabled profiling of cellular receptors for target-expressing as well as endogenous extracellular vesicles. Overall, this study presents a sensitive and easy to use screening platform that bypasses membrane protein purification and enables characterization of interactomes for any cell surface-expressed target of interest in its native state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengya Cao
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080;
| | - Sean M Peterson
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Sören Müller
- Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Mike Reichelt
- Pathology Labs, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | | | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080;
- Biologics, Almirall, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Keerthivasan S, Şenbabaoğlu Y, Martinez-Martin N, Husain B, Verschueren E, Wong A, Yang YA, Sun Y, Pham V, Hinkle T, Oei Y, Madireddi S, Corpuz R, Tam L, Carlisle S, Roose-Girma M, Modrusan Z, Ye Z, Koerber JT, Turley SJ. Homeostatic functions of monocytes and interstitial lung macrophages are regulated via collagen domain-binding receptor LAIR1. Immunity 2021; 54:1511-1526.e8. [PMID: 34260887 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells encounter stromal cells and their matrix determinants on a continual basis during their residence in any given organ. Here, we examined the impact of the collagen receptor LAIR1 on myeloid cell homeostasis and function. LAIR1 was highly expressed in the myeloid lineage and enriched in non-classical monocytes. Proteomic definition of the LAIR1 interactome identified stromal factor Colec12 as a high-affinity LAIR1 ligand. Proteomic profiling of LAIR1 signaling triggered by Collagen1 and Colec12 highlighted pathways associated with survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Lair1-/- mice had reduced frequencies of Ly6C- monocytes, which were associated with altered proliferation and apoptosis of non-classical monocytes from bone marrow and altered heterogeneity of interstitial macrophages in lung. Myeloid-specific LAIR1 deficiency promoted metastatic growth in a melanoma model and LAIR1 expression associated with improved clinical outcomes in human metastatic melanoma. Thus, monocytes and macrophages rely on LAIR1 sensing of stromal determinants for fitness and function, with relevance in homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne Wong
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yoko Oei
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Lucinda Tam
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zhengmao Ye
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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6
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Bianchi E, Sun Y, Almansa-Ordonez A, Woods M, Goulding D, Martinez-Martin N, Wright GJ. Control of oviductal fluid flow by the G-protein coupled receptor Adgrd1 is essential for murine embryo transit. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1251. [PMID: 33623007 PMCID: PMC7902839 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of embryo transport causes ectopic pregnancy which affects approximately 2% of conceptions in the US and Europe, and is the most common cause of pregnancy-related death in the first trimester. Embryo transit involves a valve-like tubal-locking phenomenon that temporarily arrests oocytes at the ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ) where fertilisation occurs, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. Here we show that female mice lacking the orphan adhesion G-protein coupled receptor Adgrd1 are sterile because they do not relieve the AIJ restraining mechanism, inappropriately retaining embryos within the oviduct. Adgrd1 is expressed on the oviductal epithelium and the post-ovulatory attenuation of tubal fluid flow is dysregulated in Adgrd1-deficient mice. Using a large-scale extracellular protein interaction screen, we identified Plxdc2 as an activating ligand for Adgrd1 displayed on cumulus cells. Our findings demonstrate that regulating oviductal fluid flow by Adgrd1 controls embryo transit and we present a model where embryo arrest at the AIJ is due to the balance of abovarial ciliary action and the force of adovarial tubal fluid flow, and in wild-type oviducts, fluid flow is gradually attenuated through Adgrd1 activation to enable embryo release. Our findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in embryo transport in mice. Lack of correct embryo transport can cause ectopic pregnancy. Here, the authors show that female mice lacking the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor Adgrd1 are infertile, due to embryos being trapped in the ampulla as the result of dysregulated oviductal fluid flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bianchi
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yi Sun
- Receptor Discovery Group, Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Michael Woods
- Mouse Production Team, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Goulding
- Electron and Advanced Light Microscopy Suite, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Receptor Discovery Group, Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, UK.
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7
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Kschonsak M, Rougé L, Arthur CP, Hoangdung H, Patel N, Kim I, Johnson MC, Kraft E, Rohou AL, Gill A, Martinez-Martin N, Payandeh J, Ciferri C. Structures of HCMV Trimer reveal the basis for receptor recognition and cell entry. Cell 2021; 184:1232-1244.e16. [PMID: 33626330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects the majority of the human population and represents the leading viral cause of congenital birth defects. HCMV utilizes the glycoproteins gHgLgO (Trimer) to bind to platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) and transforming growth factor beta receptor 3 (TGFβR3) to gain entry into multiple cell types. This complex is targeted by potent neutralizing antibodies and represents an important candidate for therapeutics against HCMV. Here, we determine three cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the trimer and the details of its interactions with four binding partners: the receptor proteins PDGFRα and TGFβR3 as well as two broadly neutralizing antibodies. Trimer binding to PDGFRα and TGFβR3 is mutually exclusive, suggesting that they function as independent entry receptors. In addition, Trimer-PDGFRα interaction has an inhibitory effect on PDGFRα signaling. Our results provide a framework for understanding HCMV receptor engagement, neutralization, and the development of anti-viral strategies against HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kschonsak
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Lionel Rougé
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Ho Hoangdung
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nidhi Patel
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ingrid Kim
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew C Johnson
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Edward Kraft
- Department of BioMolecular Resources, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alexis L Rohou
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Avinash Gill
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Jian Payandeh
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Claudio Ciferri
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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8
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Verschueren E, Husain B, Yuen K, Sun Y, Paduchuri S, Senbabaoglu Y, Lehoux I, Arena TA, Wilson B, Lianoglou S, Bakalarski C, Franke Y, Chan P, Wong AW, Gonzalez LC, Mariathasan S, Turley SJ, Lill JR, Martinez-Martin N. The Immunoglobulin Superfamily Receptome Defines Cancer-Relevant Networks Associated with Clinical Outcome. Cell 2020; 182:329-344.e19. [PMID: 32589946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface receptors and their interactions play a central role in physiological and pathological signaling. Despite its clinical relevance, the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) remains uncharacterized and underrepresented in databases. Here, we present a systematic extracellular protein map, the IgSF interactome. Using a high-throughput technology to interrogate most single transmembrane receptors for binding to 445 IgSF proteins, we identify over 500 interactions, 82% previously undocumented, and confirm more than 60 receptor-ligand pairs using orthogonal assays. Our study reveals a map of cell-type-specific interactions and the landscape of dysregulated receptor-ligand crosstalk in cancer, including selective loss of function for tumor-associated mutations. Furthermore, investigation of the IgSF interactome in a large cohort of cancer patients identifies interacting protein signatures associated with clinical outcome. The IgSF interactome represents an important resource to fuel biological discoveries and a framework for understanding the functional organization of the surfaceome during homeostasis and disease, ultimately informing therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bushra Husain
- Deparment of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kobe Yuen
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- University of Birmingham, Department Biochemistry, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Isabelle Lehoux
- BioMolecular Resources Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tia A Arena
- Research Materials group, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Blair Wilson
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Corey Bakalarski
- Deparment of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Franke
- BioMolecular Resources Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Chan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Athena W Wong
- Research Materials group, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Shannon J Turley
- Cancer Immunology Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennie R Lill
- Deparment of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Deparment of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Husain B, Martinez-Martin N. A Platform for Extracellular Interactome Discovery Identifies Novel Functional Binding Partners for the Immune Receptors B7-H3/CD276 and PVR/CD155. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz451.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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10
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Martinez-Martin N, Verschueren E, Husain B. The Immunoglobulin Superfamily Receptome Defines Cancer-Relevant Networks Associated with Response to Immunotherapy. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz451.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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11
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Husain B, Ramani SR, Chiang E, Lehoux I, Paduchuri S, Arena TA, Patel A, Wilson B, Chan P, Franke Y, Wong AW, Lill JR, Turley SJ, Gonzalez LC, Grogan JL, Martinez-Martin N. A Platform for Extracellular Interactome Discovery Identifies Novel Functional Binding Partners for the Immune Receptors B7-H3/CD276 and PVR/CD155. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2310-2323. [PMID: 31308249 PMCID: PMC6823854 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir119.001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors expressed on the plasma membrane and their interacting partners critically regulate cellular communication during homeostasis and disease, and as such represent main therapeutic targets. Despite its importance for drug development, receptor-ligand proteomics has remained a daunting field, in part because of the challenges associated to the study of membrane-expressed proteins. Here, to enable sensitive detection of receptor-ligand interactions in high throughput, we implement a new platform, the Conditioned Media AlphaScreen, for interrogation of a library consisting of most single transmembrane human proteins. Using this method to study key immune receptors, we identify and further validate the interleukin receptor IL20RA as the first binding partner for the checkpoint inhibitor B7-H3. Further, KIR2DL5, a natural killer cell protein that had remained orphan, is uncovered as a functional binding partner for the poliovirus receptor (PVR). This interaction is characterized using orthogonal assays, which demonstrate that PVR specifically engages KIR2DL5 on natural killer cells leading to inhibition of cytotoxicity. Altogether, these results reveal unappreciated links between protein families that may importantly influence receptor-driven functions during disease. Applicable to any target of interest, this technology represents a versatile and powerful approach for elucidation of receptor-ligand interactomes, which is essential to understand basic aspects of the biology of the plasma membrane proteins and ultimately inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Husain
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Sree R Ramani
- Portfolio Management and Operations, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Eugene Chiang
- Cancer Immunology Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Sairupa Paduchuri
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Tia A Arena
- Cell Culture, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Ashka Patel
- 23 & me Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Blair Wilson
- Biochemical Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Pamela Chan
- Biochemical Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Yvonne Franke
- BioMolecular Resources, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Jennie R Lill
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Cancer Immunology Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Lino C Gonzalez
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; 23 & me Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Jane L Grogan
- Cancer Immunology Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
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12
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Fearnley GW, Young KA, Edgar JR, Antrobus R, Hay IM, Liang WC, Martinez-Martin N, Lin W, Deane JE, Sharpe HJ. The homophilic receptor PTPRK selectively dephosphorylates multiple junctional regulators to promote cell-cell adhesion. eLife 2019; 8:44597. [PMID: 30924770 PMCID: PMC6440744 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication in multicellular organisms depends on the dynamic and reversible phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues. The receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) receive cues from the extracellular environment and are well placed to influence cell signaling. However, the direct events downstream of these receptors have been challenging to resolve. We report here that the homophilic receptor PTPRK is stabilized at cell-cell contacts in epithelial cells. By combining interaction studies, quantitative tyrosine phosphoproteomics, proximity labeling and dephosphorylation assays we identify high confidence PTPRK substrates. PTPRK directly and selectively dephosphorylates at least five substrates, including Afadin, PARD3 and δ-catenin family members, which are all important cell-cell adhesion regulators. In line with this, loss of PTPRK phosphatase activity leads to disrupted cell junctions and increased invasive characteristics. Thus, identifying PTPRK substrates provides insight into its downstream signaling and a potential molecular explanation for its proposed tumor suppressor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth W Fearnley
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A Young
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James R Edgar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iain M Hay
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Ching Liang
- Antibody Engineering Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - WeiYu Lin
- Antibody Engineering Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Janet E Deane
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley J Sharpe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Ramirez-Carrozzi V, Ota N, Sambandam A, Wong K, Hackney J, Martinez-Martin N, Ouyang W, Pappu R. Cutting Edge: IL-17B Uses IL-17RA and IL-17RB to Induce Type 2 Inflammation from Human Lymphocytes. J Immunol 2019; 202:1935-1941. [PMID: 30770417 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 family cytokines are critical to host defense responses at cutaneous and mucosal surfaces. Whereas IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17C induce overlapping inflammatory cascades to promote neutrophil-mediated immunity, IL-17E/IL-25 drives type 2 immune pathways and eosinophil activity. Genetic and pharmacological studies reveal the significant contribution these cytokines play in antimicrobial and autoimmune mechanisms. However, little is known about the related family member, IL-17B, with contrasting reports of both pro- and anti-inflammatory function in rodents. We demonstrate that in the human immune system, IL-17B is functionally similar to IL-25 and elicits type 2 cytokine secretion from innate type 2 lymphocytes, NKT, and CD4+ CRTH2+ Th2 cells. Like IL-25, this activity is dependent on the IL-17RA and IL-17RB receptor subunits. Furthermore, IL-17B can augment IL-33-driven type 2 responses. These data position IL-17B as a novel component in the regulation of human type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naruhisa Ota
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | | | - Kit Wong
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Jason Hackney
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Rajita Pappu
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080;
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14
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Husain B, Paduchuri S, Ramani SR, Martinez-Martin N. Extracellular Protein Microarray Technology for High Throughput Detection of Low Affinity Receptor-Ligand Interactions. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30663669 DOI: 10.3791/58451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted factors, membrane-tethered receptors, and their interacting partners are main regulators of cellular communication and initiation of signaling cascades during homeostasis and disease, and as such represent prime therapeutic targets. Despite their relevance, these interaction networks remain significantly underrepresented in current databases; therefore, most extracellular proteins have no documented binding partner. This discrepancy is primarily due to the challenges associated with the study of the extracellular proteins, including expression of functional proteins, and the weak, low affinity, protein interactions often established between cell surface receptors. The purpose of this method is to describe the printing of a library of extracellular proteins in a microarray format for screening of protein-protein interactions. To enable detection of weak interactions, a method based on multimerization of the query protein under study is described. Coupled to this microbead-based multimerization approach for increased multivalency, the protein microarray allows robust detection of transient protein-protein interactions in high throughput. This method offers a rapid and low sample consuming-approach for identification of new interactions applicable to any extracellular protein. Protein microarray printing and screening protocol are described. This technology will be useful for investigators seeking a robust method for discovery of protein interactions in the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Husain
- Receptor Discovery group, Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech
| | - Sairupa Paduchuri
- Receptor Discovery group, Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech
| | | | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Receptor Discovery group, Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech;
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15
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Martinez-Martin N, Marcandalli J, Huang CS, Arthur CP, Perotti M, Foglierini M, Ho H, Dosey AM, Shriver S, Payandeh J, Leitner A, Lanzavecchia A, Perez L, Ciferri C. An Unbiased Screen for Human Cytomegalovirus Identifies Neuropilin-2 as a Central Viral Receptor. Cell 2018; 174:1158-1171.e19. [PMID: 30057110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing cell surface receptors mediating viral infection is critical for understanding viral tropism and developing antiviral therapies. Nevertheless, due to challenges associated with detecting protein interactions on the cell surface, the host receptors of many human pathogens remain unknown. Here, we build a library consisting of most single transmembrane human receptors and implement a workflow for unbiased and high-sensitivity detection of receptor-ligand interactions. We apply this technology to elucidate the long-sought receptor of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), the leading viral cause of congenital birth defects. We identify neuropilin-2 (Nrp2) as the receptor for HCMV-pentamer infection in epithelial/endothelial cells and uncover additional HCMV interactors. Using a combination of biochemistry, cell-based assays, and electron microscopy, we characterize the pentamer-Nrp2 interaction and determine the architecture of the pentamer-Nrp2 complex. This work represents an important approach to the study of host-pathogen interactions and provides a framework for understanding HCMV infection, neutralization, and the development of novel anti-HCMV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Marcandalli
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Michela Perotti
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Foglierini
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hoangdung Ho
- Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annie M Dosey
- Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jian Payandeh
- Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Perez
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Claudio Ciferri
- Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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16
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Yau RG, Doerner K, Castellanos ER, Haakonsen DL, Werner A, Wang N, Yang XW, Martinez-Martin N, Matsumoto ML, Dixit VM, Rape M. Assembly and Function of Heterotypic Ubiquitin Chains in Cell-Cycle and Protein Quality Control. Cell 2017; 171:918-933.e20. [PMID: 29033132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modification with ubiquitin chains controls cell fate in all eukaryotes. Depending on the connectivity between subunits, different ubiquitin chain types trigger distinct outputs, as seen with K48- and K63-linked conjugates that drive protein degradation or complex assembly, respectively. Recent biochemical analyses also suggested roles for mixed or branched ubiquitin chains, yet without a method to monitor endogenous conjugates, the physiological significance of heterotypic polymers remained poorly understood. Here, we engineered a bispecific antibody to detect K11/K48-linked chains and identified mitotic regulators, misfolded nascent polypeptides, and pathological Huntingtin variants as their endogenous substrates. We show that K11/K48-linked chains are synthesized and processed by essential ubiquitin ligases and effectors that are mutated across neurodegenerative diseases; accordingly, these conjugates promote rapid proteasomal clearance of aggregation-prone proteins. By revealing key roles of K11/K48-linked chains in cell-cycle and quality control, we establish heterotypic ubiquitin conjugates as important carriers of biological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Yau
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kerstin Doerner
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Erick R Castellanos
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diane L Haakonsen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Achim Werner
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - X William Yang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marissa L Matsumoto
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Michael Rape
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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17
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Martinez-Martin N, Ramani SR, Hackney JA, Tom I, Wranik BJ, Chan M, Wu J, Paluch MT, Takeda K, Hass PE, Clark H, Gonzalez LC. Corrigendum: The extracellular interactome of the human adenovirus family reveals diverse strategies for immunomodulation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16150. [PMID: 28825416 PMCID: PMC5601198 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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18
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Martinez-Martin N, Ramani SR, Hackney JA, Tom I, Wranik BJ, Chan M, Wu J, Paluch MT, Takeda K, Hass PE, Clark H, Gonzalez LC. The extracellular interactome of the human adenovirus family reveals diverse strategies for immunomodulation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11473. [PMID: 27145901 PMCID: PMC4858740 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses encode secreted and cell-surface expressed proteins essential to modulate host immune defenses and establish productive infections. However, to date there has been no systematic study of the extracellular interactome of any human virus. Here we utilize the E3 proteins, diverse and rapidly evolving transmembrane-containing proteins encoded by human adenoviruses, as a model system to survey the extracellular immunomodulatory landscape. From a large-scale protein interaction screen against a microarray of more than 1,500 human proteins, we find and validate 51 previously unidentified virus–host interactions. Our results uncover conserved strategies as well as substantial diversity and multifunctionality in host targeting within and between viral species. Prominent modulation of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like and signalling lymphocyte activation molecule families and a number of inhibitory receptors were identified as hubs for viral perturbation, suggesting unrecognized immunoregulatory strategies. We describe a virus–host extracellular interaction map of unprecedented scale that provides new insights into viral immunomodulation. Viruses interact with their hosts via secreted and membrane-bound proteins to affect host immune responses and virulence. Here the authors contribute to our understanding of this relationship with an extracellular interaction map of human and adenoviral E3 immunomodulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 470 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Sree R Ramani
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 470 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jason A Hackney
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, 455 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Irene Tom
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 470 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Bernd J Wranik
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 470 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Michelle Chan
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 470 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Johnny Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, 455 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Maciej T Paluch
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 470 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Kentaro Takeda
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 470 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Philip E Hass
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 470 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Hilary Clark
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, 455 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Lino C Gonzalez
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 470 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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19
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Alvarez-Alonso MJ, Jurado-Barba R, Martinez-Martin N, Espin-Jaime JC, Bolaños-Porrero C, Ordoñez-Franco A, Rodriguez-Lopez JA, Lora-Pablos D, de la Cruz-Bértolo J, Jimenez-Arriero MA, Manzanares J, Rubio G. Association between maltreatment and polydrug use among adolescents. Child Abuse Negl 2016; 51:379-89. [PMID: 26318780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Different studies have related sexual and physical abuse during childhood and adolescence to the development of substance abuse disorders. Nevertheless, we are not aware of the role that other more common maltreatment types, such as neglect, will play among the most risky pattern of consumption: the polydrug use. A clinical sample of 655 adolescents, divided into two groups: polydrug users and non-polydrug users, were assessed on their pattern of drug consumption, history of childhood maltreatment, current psychopathology and their family history of alcoholism. Polydrug users had a greater prevalence of all types of maltreatment, although the most associated to this group were sexual abuse and emotional neglect. Other relevant variables to adolescent consumption were: the diagnosis of depressive disorder, the presence of anxiety traits and the family history of alcohol dependence. Polydrug users have higher risks of having had problems during infancy and adolescence, such as maltreatment and other psychopathological conditions, with the addition of family history of alcoholism. Accordingly, practitioners should take into account that those variables may influence polydrug abuse because it is the most risky pattern for subsequent dependence of substances, and they should always be considered during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alvarez-Alonso
- Hospital 12 de Octubre" i+12 Research Institute, Av. Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Jurado-Barba
- Hospital 12 de Octubre" i+12 Research Institute, Av. Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Complutense University, Av. Séneca 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Camilo José Cela University, Castillo de Alarcón, 49, Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Martinez-Martin
- 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Av. Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Espin-Jaime
- 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Av. Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Bolaños-Porrero
- Addictions Institute "Madrid Salud", Madrid City Hall, Juan Esplandiú 11, 28007, Spain
| | - A Ordoñez-Franco
- Addictions Institute "Madrid Salud", Madrid City Hall, Juan Esplandiú 11, 28007, Spain
| | - J A Rodriguez-Lopez
- Addictions Institute "Madrid Salud", Madrid City Hall, Juan Esplandiú 11, 28007, Spain
| | - D Lora-Pablos
- Clinical Research Unit, I+12-CIBERESP, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - J de la Cruz-Bértolo
- Clinical Research Unit, I+12-CIBERESP, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Jimenez-Arriero
- Hospital 12 de Octubre" i+12 Research Institute, Av. Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Complutense University, Av. Séneca 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Clinical Research Unit, I+12-CIBERESP, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Manzanares
- Networks for Cooperative Research in Health (RETICS-Addictive Disorder Network), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Neurosciences Institute, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - G Rubio
- Hospital 12 de Octubre" i+12 Research Institute, Av. Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Complutense University, Av. Séneca 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Clinical Research Unit, I+12-CIBERESP, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Networks for Cooperative Research in Health (RETICS-Addictive Disorder Network), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively) are two important human pathogens that belong to the genus simplex within the subfamily alpha of the Herpesvirinae. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) constitute a family of conserved sensors that play a prominent role during the early anti-viral response, including that against herpesviruses. Although substantial progress has been made, central questions remain to be solved to figure out how TLRs modulate viral pathogenesis. The aim of the present report is to review the current knowledge about TLR recognition and signaling of herpesviruses, focusing on HSV infection. The relative contribution of the TLR-mediated immune responses to antiviral immunity versus viral pathogenesis will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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