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Eerike M, Parimi VP, D.M., Pyati A, Sundaramurthy R, Sakthivadivel V, Pidugu AB, Pharm.D., Surapareddy B, Ramineni NT, Priyadarshini R, Patil PP. Clinical and immunological responses to COVID-19 vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis patients on disease modifying antirheumatic drugs: a cross-sectional study. J Rheum Dis 2024; 31:15-24. [PMID: 38130958 PMCID: PMC10730806 DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2023.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the immunological and clinical response to COVID-19 vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among RA patients who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccine within 6 months to one year. Demographic information, comorbidities, vaccination details, and past COVID-19 infection details were collected. Hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were estimated. Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28) was calculated for RA patients. Anti-spike antibody (ASA) concentrations were measured, and compared with a healthy control population. Correlations of ASA with age, sex, disease parameters, medication use, and comorbidities were assessed. Results A total of 103 RA patients and 185 controls were included in the study. RA patients had higher mean age, lower mean Hb, higher ESR, and elevated IL-6 levels. Both groups showed positive results for anti-spike antibodies, with a higher percentage in controls. Among RA patients majority had low DAS-28 score. The number of DMARDs used showed a negative correlation with antibody levels. There was a slight positive correlation between ASA concentration and DAS-28 score. Comorbidities did not significantly influence antibody concentration. No significant differences were found in antibody levels based on the type of COVID-19 vaccine or previous COVID-19 infection or booster dose vaccination among RA patients. Conclusion The study revealed that RA patients showed a reduced antibody response following COVID-19 vaccination compared to the control group and potentially influenced by immunosuppressive treatments and disease-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Eerike
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Vijaya Prasanna Parimi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - D.M.
- Department of Rheumatology, ESIC Medical College, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anand Pyati
- Departments of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Raja Sundaramurthy
- Departments of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Pharm.D.
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Bhavana Surapareddy
- Department of Rheumatology, ESIC Medical College, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Rekha Priyadarshini
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Parag Parshuram Patil
- Departments of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
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