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Kilcup N, Gaynard S, Werner-Zwanziger U, Tonkopi E, Hayes J, Boyd D. Stimulation of apoptotic pathways in liver cancer cells: An alternative perspective on the biocompatibility and the utility of biomedical glasses. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:1445-59. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328215621663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A host of research opportunities with innumerable clinical applications are open to biomedical glasses if one considers their potential as therapeutic inorganic ion delivery systems. Generally, applications have been limited to repair and regeneration of hard tissues while compositions are largely constrained to the original bioactive glass developed in the 1960s. However, in oncology applications the therapeutic paradigm shifts from repair to targeted destruction. With this in mind, the composition–structure–property–function relationships of vanadium-containing zinc-silicate glasses (0.51SiO2–0.29Na2O–(0.20- X)ZnO– XV2O5, 0 ≤ X ≤ 0.09) were characterized in order to determine their potential as therapeutic inorganic ion delivery systems. Increased V2O5 mole fraction resulted in a linear decrease in density and glass transition temperature (Tg). 29Si MAS NMR peak maxima shifted upfield while 51V MAS NMR peak maxima were independent of V2O5 content and overlapped well with the spectra NaVO3. Increased V2O5 mole fraction caused ion release to increase. When human liver cancer cells, HepG2, were exposed to these ions they demonstrated a concentration-dependent cytotoxic response, mediated by apoptosis. This work demonstrates that the zinc-silicate system studied herein is capable of delivering therapeutic inorganic ions at concentrations that induce apoptotic cell death and provide a simple means to control therapeutic inorganic ion delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Kilcup
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Seán Gaynard
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Bioscience Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ulrike Werner-Zwanziger
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Research in Materials, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Elena Tonkopi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Victoria General Hospital, Victoria Building, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jessica Hayes
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Bioscience Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel Boyd
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Victoria General Hospital, Victoria Building, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Dentistry Building, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Kilcup N, Tonkopi E, Abraham RJ, Boyd D, Kehoe S. Composition-property relationships for radiopaque composite materials: pre-loaded drug-eluting beads for transarterial chemoembolization. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:93-103. [PMID: 25690386 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215572196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to synthesize and optimize intrinsically radiopaque composite embolic microspheres for sustained release of doxorubicin in drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization. Using a design of experiments approach, 12 radiopaque composites composed of polylactic-co-glycolic acid and a radiopaque glass (ORP5) were screened over a range of compositions and examined for radiopacity (computed tomography) and density. In vitro cell viability was determined using an extract assay derived from each composition against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2. Mathematical models based on a D-Optimal response surface methodology were used to determine the preferred radiopaque composite. The resulting radiopaque composite was validated and subsequently loaded with doxorubicin between 0 and 1.4% (wt% of polylactic-co-glycolic acid) to yield radiopaque composite drug-eluting beads. Thereafter, the radiopaque composite drug-eluting beads were subjected to an elution study (up to 168 h) to determine doxorubicin release profiles (UV-Vis spectroscopy) and in vitro cell viability. Radiopaque composites evaluated for screening purposes had densities between 1.28 and 1.67 g.cm(-3), radiopacity ranged between 211 and 1450HU and cell viabilities between 91 and 106% were observed. The optimized radiopaque composite comprised 23 wt% polylactic-co-glycolic acid and 60 wt% ORP5 with a corresponding density of 1.63 ± 0.001 g.cm(-3), radiopacity at 1930 ± 44HU and cell viability of 89 ± 7.6%. Radiopaque composite drug-eluting beads provided sustained doxorubicin release over 168 h. In conclusion, the mathematical models allowed for the identification and synthesis of a unique radiopaque composite. The optimized radiopaque composite had similar density and cell viability to commercially available embolic microspheres. It was possible to preload doxorubicin into radiopaque composite drug-eluting beads, such that sustained release was possible under simulated physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Kilcup
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Elena Tonkopi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, QE II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Robert J Abraham
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, QE II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada ABK Biomedical Inc., Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Daniel Boyd
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, QE II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada ABK Biomedical Inc., Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sharon Kehoe
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada ABK Biomedical Inc., Halifax, NS, Canada
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Kilcup N, Kehoe S, Tonkopi E, Abraham R, Boyd D. Synthesis and evaluation of a pre-loaded drug eluting radiopaque composite embolic microsphere (CEM) for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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