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Nikolaisen NK, Fertner M, Lassen DCK, Chehabi CN, Ronaghinia AA, Chriél M, Jensen VF, Jensen LB, Pedersen K, Struve T. Association between Antibiotic Consumption and Resistance in Mink Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070927. [PMID: 35884181 PMCID: PMC9311663 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic consumption is considered to be a main driver of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Mink breeding follows a distinctive seasonal reproduction cycle, and all of the mink produced in the northern hemisphere are bred, born, and pelted around the same time of year. Some of the diseases are age-related, which is reflected in the seasonal variation of antibiotic consumption. The seasonality makes mink a good model for the investigation of the association between antibiotic consumption and resistance. The objectives of this study were (1) to monitor the farm level of antibiotic resistance during one production cycle and (2) to assess the potential associations between antibiotic consumption and resistance. Twenty-four farms were included in this study (Denmark n = 20, Iceland n = 2, and The Netherlands n = 2), following a cohort of animals born in 2018. Staphylococcus delphini and Escherichia coli were isolated from samples of the carcasses and faeces and were collected randomly. The isolates were susceptibility tested and subsequently divided into the sensitive wildtype (WT) and the resistant non-wildtype (NWT) populations. The antibiotic consumption relative to the sampling periods was assessed as having a short-term or a long-term impact, i.e., in two explanatory factors. For both S. delphini and E. coli, a large between-farm variation of NWT profiles was detected. In the final multivariable, generalized linear mixed models, significant associations between NWT isolates and the consumption of specific antibiotics were found: the short-term use of tetracyclines in the growth period was associated with the occurrence of tetracycline NWT E. coli in the growth period (OR: 11.94 [1.78; 89.28]), and the long-term use of macrolide and tetracyclines was associated with the occurrence of erythromycin NWT S. delphini in the weaning period (OR: 18.2 [2.26; 321.36]) and tetracycline NWT S. delphini in the growth period (OR: 8.2 [1.27; 63.31]), respectively. Farms with zero consumption in the study years prior to sampling also had a substantial proportion of NWT isolates, indicating that NWT isolates are persistent and/or widely spread in the environment. Generally, a high occurrence of tetracycline NWTs was observed. NWT isolates with resistance against the most commonly used antibiotics were found on all the farms, stressing the need for routine surveillance and the prudent use of antibiotics. The results offer a preview of the complex relationship between consumption and resistance, demonstrating some significant associations between use and resistance. Moreover, antibiotic-resistant bacteria are present even on farms with no antibiotic consumption over extended periods, and theoretical explanations supported by the data are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanett Kvist Nikolaisen
- Research Group for Microbiology and Hygiene, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.N.C.); (L.B.J.)
- Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a., 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; (M.F.); (A.A.R.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mette Fertner
- Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a., 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; (M.F.); (A.A.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Desiree Corvera Kløve Lassen
- Center for Diagnostics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (D.C.K.L.); (M.C.); (V.F.J.)
| | - Chaza Nazih Chehabi
- Research Group for Microbiology and Hygiene, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.N.C.); (L.B.J.)
| | - Amir Atabak Ronaghinia
- Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a., 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; (M.F.); (A.A.R.); (T.S.)
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mariann Chriél
- Center for Diagnostics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (D.C.K.L.); (M.C.); (V.F.J.)
| | - Vibeke Frøkjær Jensen
- Center for Diagnostics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (D.C.K.L.); (M.C.); (V.F.J.)
| | - Lars Bogø Jensen
- Research Group for Microbiology and Hygiene, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.N.C.); (L.B.J.)
| | - Karl Pedersen
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Tina Struve
- Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a., 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; (M.F.); (A.A.R.); (T.S.)
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Nikolaisen NK, Ronaghinia AA, Lassen DCK, Chehabi CN, Lindegaard M, Struve T, Chriél M, Damborg P, Kahlmeter G, Jensen LB, Pedersen K. Employing MIC Data for Mink Pathogens to Propose Tentative Epidemiological Cut-Off Values: A Step Toward Rationalizing Antimicrobial Use in Mink. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:544594. [PMID: 33195518 PMCID: PMC7646457 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.544594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimizing antimicrobial dosage regimens and development of breakpoints for antimicrobial susceptibility testing are important prerequisites for rational antimicrobial use. The objectives of the study were (1) to produce MIC data for four mink pathogens and (2) to employ these MIC data to support the development of tentative epidemiological cut-off values (TECOFFs), which may be used for future development of mink-specific antimicrobial dosages and breakpoints. Broth microdilution was used to establish MIC distributions for 322 mink bacterial isolates of clinical origin from six European mink-producing countries. The included species were E. coli (n = 162), S. delphini (n = 63), S. canis (n = 42), and P. aeruginosa (n = 55). Sixty-four E. coli isolates and 34 S. delphini isolates were whole-genome sequenced and analyzed for antimicrobial resistance genes. No EUCAST MIC data are available on S. delphini and S. canis, hence tentative ECOFFs were suggested for the majority of the tested antimicrobials. For E. coli and P. aeruginosa, the wildtype distributions were in accordance with EUCAST data. Overall, the genotypes of the sequenced isolates were in concordance with the phenotypes. These data constitute an important piece in the puzzle of developing antimicrobial dosages and clinical breakpoints for mink. Until pharmacokinetic and clinical data become available, the (tentative) ECOFFs can be used for monitoring resistance development and as surrogates for clinical breakpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanett Kvist Nikolaisen
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur A.M.B.A., Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Amir Atabak Ronaghinia
- Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur A.M.B.A., Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Chaza Nazih Chehabi
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Lindegaard
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tina Struve
- Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur A.M.B.A., Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mariann Chriél
- Centre for Diagnostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Bogø Jensen
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Ronaghinia AA, Nikolaisen NK, Hansen SG, Poulsen HH, Frandsen HL, Struve T, Toutain PL, Damborg P. Validating an empiric sulfadiazine-trimethoprim dosage regimen for treatment of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus delphini infections in mink (Neovison vison). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:93-106. [PMID: 32924166 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are used extensively off-label in mink, as almost no agents are registered for this animal species. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data are required to determine antimicrobial dosages specifically targeting mink bacterial pathogens. The aims of this study were to assess, in a PKPD framework, the empirical dosage regimen for a combination of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) in mink, and secondarily to produce data for future setting of clinical breakpoints. TMP and SDZ PK parameters were obtained experimentally in 22 minks following IV or oral administration of TMP/SDZ (30 mg/kg, i.e. 5 mg/kg TMP and 25 mg/kg SDZ). fAUC/MIC with a target value of 24 hr was selected as the PKPD index predictive of TMP/SDZ efficacy. Using a modeling approach, PKPD cutoffs for TMP and SDZ were determined as 0.062 and 16 mg/L, respectively. By incorporating an anticipated potentiation effect of SDZ on TMP against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus delphini, the PKPD cutoff of TMP was revised to 0.312 mg/L, which is above the tentative epidemiological cutoffs (TECOFF) for these species. The current empirical TMP/SDZ dosage regimen (30 mg/kg, PO, once daily) therefore appears adequate for treatment of wild-type E. coli and S. delphini infections in mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Atabak Ronaghinia
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Kopenhagen Diagnostics, Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Nanett Kvist Nikolaisen
- Kopenhagen Diagnostics, Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a, Glostrup, Denmark.,National Food Institute, Research Group for Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stine Green Hansen
- Kopenhagen Diagnostics, Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Helle Harding Poulsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Tina Struve
- Kopenhagen Diagnostics, Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.,INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Nikolaisen NK, Lassen DCK, Chriél M, Larsen G, Jensen VF, Pedersen K. Antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria from mink (Neovison vison) in Denmark. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:60. [PMID: 28903765 PMCID: PMC5598060 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For proper treatment of bacterial infections in mink, knowledge of the causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is crucial. The used antimicrobials are in general not registered for mink, i.e. most usage is "off-label". In this study, we report the patterns of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria isolated from Danish mink during the period 2014-2016. The aim of this investigation was to provide data on antimicrobial resistance and consumption, to serve as background knowledge for new veterinary guidelines for prudent and optimal antimicrobial usage in mink. RESULTS A total number of 308 Escherichia coli isolates, 41 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 36 Streptococcus canis, 30 Streptococcus dysgalactiae, 55 Staphylococcus delphini, 9 Staphylococcus aureus, and 20 Staphylococcus schleiferi were included in this study. Among E. coli, resistance was observed more frequently among the hemolytic isolates than among the non-hemolytic ones. The highest frequency of resistance was found to ampicillin, 82.3% and 48.0% of the hemolytic of the non-hemolytic isolates, respectively. The majority of the P. aeruginosa isolates were only sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Among the Staphylococcus spp., the highest occurrence of resistance was found for tetracycline. Regarding the nine S. aureus, one isolate was resistant to cefoxitin indicating it was a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Both β-hemolytic Streptococcus species showed high levels of resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin. The antimicrobial consumption increased significantly during 2007-2012, and fluctuated at a high level during 2012-2016, except for a temporary drop in 2013-2014. The majority of the prescribed antimicrobials were aminopenicillins followed by tetracyclines and macrolides. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that antimicrobial resistance was common in most pathogenic bacteria from mink, in particular hemolytic E. coli. There is a need of guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials for mink.
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Pedersen HS, Callesen H, Løvendahl P, Chen F, Nyengaard JR, Nikolaisen NK, Holm P, Hyttel P. Ultrastructure and mitochondrial numbers in pre- and postpubertal pig oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 28:586-98. [PMID: 25482576 DOI: 10.1071/rd14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prepubertal pig oocytes are associated with lower developmental competence. The aim of this experiment was to conduct an exhaustive survey of oocyte ultrastructure and to use a design-unbiased stereological approach to quantify the numerical density and total number of mitochondria in oocytes with different diameters from pre- and postpubertal pigs. The ultrastructure of smaller prepubertal immature oocytes indicated active cells in close contact with cumulus cells. The postpubertal oocytes were more quiescent cell types. The small prepubertal oocytes had a lower total mitochondrial number, but no differences were observed in mitochondrial densities between groups. Mature postpubertal oocytes adhered to the following characteristics: presence of metaphase II, lack of contact between cumulus cells and oocyte, absence of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, peripheral location of cortical granules and central localisation of mitochondria, vesicles and lipid droplets. Prepubertal oocytes displayed more variation. The ultrastructure of large pre- and postpubertal oocytes was compatible with higher developmental competence, whereas that of smaller prepubertal oocytes could explain their reduced capacity. The higher number of mitochondria in large pre- and postpubertal oocytes could have an influence on oocyte competence, by increasing the pool of mitochondria available for early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Peter Løvendahl
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nanett Kvist Nikolaisen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter Holm
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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