1
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Imato K, Hino T, Kaneda N, Imae I, Shida N, Inagi S, Ooyama Y. Wireless Electrochemical Gel Actuators. Small 2024; 20:e2305067. [PMID: 37858925 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Soft actuators generate motion in response to external stimuli and are indispensable for soft robots, particularly future miniature robots with complex structure and motion. Similarly to conventional hard robots, electricity is suitable for the stimulation. However, previous electrochemical soft actuators require a tethered connection to a power supply, limiting their size, structure, and motion. Here, wireless electrochemical soft actuators composed of hydrogels and driven by bipolar electrochemistry are reported. Viologen, which dimerizes by one-electron reduction and dissociates by one-electron oxidation, is incorporated in the side chains of the gel networks and works as a reversible cross-link. Wireless and reversible electrochemical actuation of the hydrogels, i.e., muscle-like shrinking and swelling, is demonstrated at microscopic and even macroscopic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Imato
- Applied Chemistry Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Taichi Hino
- Applied Chemistry Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Naoki Kaneda
- Applied Chemistry Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ichiro Imae
- Applied Chemistry Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Applied Chemistry Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
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2
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Okamoto K, Shida N, Atobe M. Additive-controlled chemoselective inter-/intramolecular hydroamination via electrochemical PCET process. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:264-271. [PMID: 38379733 PMCID: PMC10877074 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemically generated amidyl radical species produced distinct inter- or intramolecular hydroamination reaction products via a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis indicated that the chemoselectivity was derived from the size of the hydrogen bond complex, which consisted of the carbamate substrate and phosphate base, and could be controlled using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) as an additive. These results provide fundamental insights for the design of PCET-based redox reaction systems under electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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3
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Ashraf T, Avanthay M, Batanero B, Bondue C, Boucher DG, Gerulskis R, Kuhn A, Minteer SD, Mount A, Nguyen ZA, Price R, Rasul S, Shida N, Sokalu E, Tan JZY. Electrofuels: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2023; 247:289-296. [PMID: 37791578 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd90041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
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4
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Avanthay M, Beeler JA, Batanero B, Boucher DG, Brown RCD, Flexer V, Francke R, Frontana-Uribe BA, Hosseini S, Luo L, Minteer SD, Price R, Shida N, Ramos-Villaseñor JM, Wirth T. New strategies in organic electrosynthesis: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2023; 247:209-215. [PMID: 37782144 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd90039h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
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5
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Ackermann L, Avanthay M, Batanero B, Boucher DG, Broersen P, Carroll E, Flexer V, Francke R, Fuchigami T, Gerulskis R, Hickey DP, Hockin B, Kuhn A, Milner MJ, Minteer SD, Moeller K, Nguyen ZA, Nokami T, Rasul S, Shida N, Sokalu E, Taniguchi K, von Wolff N. Interdisciplinary electrosynthesis: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2023; 247:125-135. [PMID: 37782222 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd90037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
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6
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Alkayal A, Avanthay M, Batanero B, Broersen P, Brown RCD, Chen L, Chuang PC, Fuchigami T, Inagi S, Kalyani D, Lam K, Landis M, Liu TL, Milner MJ, Price R, Shida N, Wirth T. Flow cells and reactor design: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2023; 247:333-341. [PMID: 37850528 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd90042h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
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7
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Avanthay M, Batanero B, Bondue C, Boucher DG, Broersen P, Brown RCD, Chen L, Choi A, Fong CW, Fuchigami T, Hickey DP, Kuhn A, Lam K, Liao YJ, Liu TL, Minteer SD, Moeller K, Nguyen ZA, Shida N. Understanding and controlling organic electrosynthesis mechanism: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2023; 247:172-181. [PMID: 37791500 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd90038j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
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8
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Furusho D, Shida N, Hifumi R, Tomita I, Inagi S. Synthesis, Structures, and Aggregation-Induced Emission Properties of Distyrylbenzene Derivatives Containing Fluorine Groups. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14820-14825. [PMID: 37812078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Distyrylbenzene derivatives with substituents on the vinylene moieties have been studied due to interest in their optoelectronic properties. In this study, we focused on distyrylbenzene derivatives with monofluoroolefin structures, expecting intermolecular H-F interactions in the solid state. UV-vis and fluorescence spectra of the obtained compounds were measured and compared with those of unsubstituted distyrylbenzene. The crystal structures of each compound were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld surface analysis to understand the intermolecular contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Furusho
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoyu Hifumi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
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9
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Chen Z, Zhou Y, Villani E, Shida N, Tomita I, Inagi S. AC-Bipolar Electropolymerization of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene in Ionic Liquids. Langmuir 2023; 39:4450-4455. [PMID: 36919992 PMCID: PMC10061915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, alternating current (AC)-bipolar electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) has been reported to produce poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) fibers from the terminals of bipolar electrodes in acetonitrile solution (MeCN) containing low concentrations of supporting salts in a template-free manner. Here, we extend such methodology in ionic liquid (IL) media. Three kinds of ILs, diethylmethyl(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium tetrafluoroborate ([DEME][BF4]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4]), and diethylmethyl(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([DEME][TFSI]), with different electric field transmission efficiencies and diffusion coefficients were employed as solvents for the AC-bipolar electropolymerization of EDOT. A variety of PEDOT morphologies were obtained in these three ILs, showing a relationship with the physicochemical properties of the ILs. We successfully confirmed the growth of PEDOT fibers in ILs and systematically discussed the factors that influenced their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Chen
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yaqian Zhou
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest
University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Elena Villani
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
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10
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Izumiya R, Atobe M, Shida N. Electrochemically Triggered Hole-catalytic Benzylic Substitution Reaction at a Polymer Chain Containing β-O-4 Linkage. BCSJ 2023. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20230019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Izumiya
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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11
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Ido Y, Shimizu Y, Shida N, Atobe M. Comparative Investigation of Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Cyclohexene by Proton-Exchange Membrane and Anion-Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-2000-8231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexene was performed in proton-exchange membrane (PEM) and anion-exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzers. For the efficient electrocatalytic oxidation, the anode catalyst material, applied potential, and solvent used were optimized. In addition, the differences in reactivity between the PEM and AEM electrolyzers were clarified and a mechanism for the oxidation of cyclohexene in each electrolyzer was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Ido
- Environment and System Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yugo Shimizu
- Environment and System Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Environment and System Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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12
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Yata A, Nakamura Y, Okamoto K, Shida N, Atobe M. Designing Modular Assembly of Electrochemical Flow Microreactor as an Enabling Technology of Electrosynthesis in a Laminar Flow. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Yata
- Yokohama National University Graduate School of Engineering: Yokohama Kokuritsu Daigaku Kogakufu Kenkyuin Department of Chemistry and Life Science JAPAN
| | - Yuto Nakamura
- Yokohama National University Graduate School of Engineering: Yokohama Kokuritsu Daigaku Kogakufu Kenkyuin Department of Chemistry and Life Science JAPAN
| | - Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Yokohama National University Graduate School of Engineering: Yokohama Kokuritsu Daigaku Kogakufu Kenkyuin Department of Chemistry and Life Science JAPAN
| | - Naoki Shida
- Yokohama National University Graduate School of Engineering: Yokohama Kokuritsu Daigaku Kogakufu Kenkyuin Department of Chemistry and Life Science JAPAN
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Yokohama National University Department of Chemistry and Life Science 79-5 TokiwadaiHodogaya-ku 240-8501 Yokohama JAPAN
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13
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Okamoto K, Shida N, Morizumi H, Kitano Y, Chiba K. Oxidation Potential Gap (ΔE ox ): The Hidden Parameter in Redox Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206064. [PMID: 35610179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative biaryl coupling of aryls with different electronic features generally fails. However, this has not been systematically studied via theoretical analysis, and thus, the crucial factor governing coupling efficiency remains unclear. Herein, we propose that the "oxidation potential gap (ΔEox )" is a key parameter in predicting the efficiency of an intramolecular oxidative coupling reaction, with ΔEox defined as a difference in the oxidation potentials of the relevant aromatic rings. Our experimental and computational analyses revealed that the efficiency of an aromatic intramolecular coupling reaction correlates with the activation energy (ΔE≠ ) of C-C bond formation of the radical cation intermediates. Furthermore, ΔE≠ correlates with ΔEox . Therefore, we demonstrate the tuning of ΔEox by attaching cleavable extra electron-donating/-withdrawing groups, enabling the rational synthesis of a phenanthridone skeleton using aromatic rings with an electronic gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Haruka Morizumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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14
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Okamoto K, Shida N, Morizumi H, Kitano Y, Chiba K. Oxidation Potential Gap (ΔEox): The Hidden Parameter in Redox Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology: Tokyo Noko Daigaku Department of Applied Biological Science JAPAN
| | - Naoki Shida
- Yokohama National University: Yokohama Kokuritsu Daigaku Department of Science and Engineering JAPAN
| | - Haruka Morizumi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology: Tokyo Noko Daigaku Department of Applied Biological Science JAPAN
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology: Tokyo Noko Daigaku Department of Applied Biological Science JAPAN
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology: Tokyo Noko Daigaku Applied Biological Science 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu 183-8509 Tokyo JAPAN
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15
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Nogami S, Shida N, Iguchi S, Nagasawa K, Inoue H, Yamanaka I, Mitsushima S, Atobe M. Mechanistic Insights into the Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Alkynes on Pt–Pd Electrocatalysts in a Proton-Exchange Membrane Reactor. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Nogami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shoji Iguchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kensaku Nagasawa
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Hideo Inoue
- Ishifuku Metal lndustry Co. Ltd., 2-12-30 Aoyanagi, Soka, Saitama 340-0002, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shigenori Mitsushima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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16
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Naito Y, Shida N, Atobe M. Synthesis of piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives by electroreductive cyclization of imine with terminal dihaloalkanes in a flow microreactor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:350-359. [PMID: 35422883 PMCID: PMC8978912 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have successfully synthesized piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives by electroreductive cyclization using readily available imine and terminal dihaloalkanes in a flow microreactor. Reduction of the substrate imine on the cathode proceeded efficiently due to the large specific surface area of the microreactor. This method provided target compounds in good yields compared to a conventional batch-type reaction. Furthermore, piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives could be obtained on preparative scale by continuous electrolysis for approximately 1 hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Naito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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17
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Sakagami H, Takenaka H, Iwai S, Shida N, Villani E, Gotou A, Isogai T, Yamauchi A, Kishikawa Y, Fuchigami T, Tomita I, Inagi S. A Flow Electrochemical Cell with Split Bipolar Electrode for Anodic Oxidation of Organic Compounds. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sakagami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku 226-8502 Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takenaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku 226-8502 Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Suguru Iwai
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku 226-8502 Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku 240-8501 Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Elena Villani
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku 226-8502 Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Akihiro Gotou
- Daikin Industries Ltd. 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya 566-8585 Settsu Osaka Japan
| | - Tomohiro Isogai
- Daikin Industries Ltd. 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya 566-8585 Settsu Osaka Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Yamauchi
- Daikin Industries Ltd. 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya 566-8585 Settsu Osaka Japan
| | - Yosuke Kishikawa
- Daikin Industries Ltd. 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya 566-8585 Settsu Osaka Japan
| | - Toshio Fuchigami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku 226-8502 Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku 226-8502 Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku 226-8502 Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
- PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4-1-8 Honcho 332-0012 Kawaguchi Saitama Japan
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18
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Mikami R, Shida N, Atobe M. Integrated Flow Emulsion Electrosynthetic System by In Situ Generation of Emulsions, Subsequent Emulsion Electrolysis, and Final Phase Separation. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rio Mikami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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19
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Kurioka T, Komamura T, Shida N, Hayakawa T, Tomita I, Inagi S. Ordered‐Structure‐Induced Electrochemical Post‐Functionalization of Poly(3‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophene). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kurioka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta‐cho Midori‐ku Yokohama 226–8502 Japan
| | - Takahiro Komamura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1 Ookayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152–8552 Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yokohama National University 79‐5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya‐ku Yokohama 240–8501 Japan
| | - Teruaki Hayakawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1 Ookayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152–8552 Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta‐cho Midori‐ku Yokohama 226–8502 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta‐cho Midori‐ku Yokohama 226–8502 Japan
- PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4‐1‐8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332‐0012 Japan
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Naito Y, Kondo M, Nakamura Y, Shida N, Ishikawa K, Washio T, Takizawa S, Atobe M. Bayesian optimization with constraint on passed charge for multiparameter screening of electrochemical reductive carboxylation in a flow microreactor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3893-3896. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiparameter screening of reductive carboxylation in an electrochemical flow microreactor was performed using a Bayesian optimization (BO) strategy. The developed algorithm features a constraint on passed charge for the electrochemical...
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21
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Ido Y, Fukazawa A, Furutani Y, Sato Y, Shida N, Atobe M. Triple-phase Boundary in Anion-Exchange Membrane Reactor Enables Selective Electrosynthesis of Aldehyde from Primary Alcohol. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:5405-5409. [PMID: 34651442 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of primary alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde remains a significant challenge, even with the state-of-the-art chemistry. Here, a novel electrochemical system was developed for the exclusive production of aldehyde from primary alcohol using an anion-exchange membrane (AEM) reactor. Oxidation proceeded on a gold catalyst under basic conditions, which largely enhanced the reaction rate. Despite the basic nature around the reaction sites, the oxidation of primary alcohols exclusively yielded the corresponding aldehyde, which was attributed to the unique three-phase interfacial reaction sites in the AEM reactor. In addition to benzyl alcohol, the oxidation of allylic and aliphatic alcohols was also demonstrated. Comparison of constant potential electrolysis with the AEM reactor or a conventional batch-type cell revealed the crucial role of the triple-phase boundary for the selectivity of the oxidation of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Ido
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yuka Furutani
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sato
- Innovation Technology Center, ENEOS Corporation, 8 Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, 231-0815, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
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22
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Ido Y, Fukazawa A, Furutani Y, Sato Y, Shida N, Atobe M. Triple-Phase Boundary in Anion-Exchange Membrane Reactor Enables Selective Electrosynthesis of Aldehyde from Primary Alcohol. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:5339. [PMID: 34845869 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Invited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Mahito Atobe at Yokohama National University, Japan. The image shows an anion-exchange membrane (AEM) reactor enabling selective oxidation of a primary alcohol to a corresponding aldehyde by the electrochemical reaction at the triple-phase boundary. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202102076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Ido
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yuka Furutani
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sato
- Innovation Technology Center, ENEOS Corporation, 8 Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, 231-0815, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
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Naito Y, Nakamura Y, Shida N, Senboku H, Tanaka K, Atobe M. Integrated Flow Synthesis of α-Amino Acids by In Situ Generation of Aldimines and Subsequent Electrochemical Carboxylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15953-15960. [PMID: 34152747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of α-amino acids was carried out in a continuous flow system. In this system, aldimines were efficiently generated in situ via the dehydration-condensation of aldehydes with anilines in a desiccant bed column filled with 4 Å molecular sieves desiccant, followed by reaction with CO2 in an electrochemical flow microreactor to afford the α-amino acids in high to moderate yields. The present system can provide α-amino acids without using stoichiometric amounts of metal reagents or highly toxic cyanide reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Naito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Nakamura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Hisanori Senboku
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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Buss JA, Shida N, He T, Agapie T. Carbon Dioxide Reduction with Dihydrogen and Silanes at Low-Valent Molybdenum Terphenyl Diphosphine Complexes: Reductant Identity Dictates Mechanism. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Buss
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Naoki Shida
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Tianyi He
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Fukazawa A, Shimizu Y, Shida N, Atobe M. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of benzoic acids in a proton-exchange membrane reactor. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7363-7368. [PMID: 34612359 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The highly efficient chemoselective electrocatalytic hydrogenation of benzoic acids (BAs) to cyclohexanecarboxylic acids (CCAs) was carried out in a proton-exchange membrane reactor under mild conditions without hydrogenation of the carboxyl group. Among the investigated catalysts, the PtRu alloy catalyst was found to be the most suitable for achieving high current efficiencies for production of CCAs. An electrochemical spillover mechanism on the PtRu alloy catalyst was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fukazawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan.
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Shida N, Takenaka H, Gotou A, Isogai T, Yamauchi A, Kishikawa Y, Nagata Y, Tomita I, Fuchigami T, Inagi S. Alkali Metal Fluorides in Fluorinated Alcohols: Fundamental Properties and Applications to Electrochemical Fluorination. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16128-16133. [PMID: 34197111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental properties of alkali metal fluorides (MF, M = Cs, K) dissolved in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) or in 3,3,3-trifluoroethanol (TFE) are investigated, including solubility, conductivity, and viscosity. Solid-state structures of single crystals obtained from CsF/HFIP and CsF/TFE are described for the first time, giving insights into the multiple interactions between fluorinated alcohols and CsF. Applications in electrochemical fluorination reactions are successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takenaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Akihiro Gotou
- Daikin Industries Ltd., 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka 566-8585, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Isogai
- Daikin Industries Ltd., 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka 566-8585, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Yamauchi
- Daikin Industries Ltd., 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka 566-8585, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kishikawa
- Daikin Industries Ltd., 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka 566-8585, Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Toshio Fuchigami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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28
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Zhou Y, Shida N, Tomita I, Inagi S. Fabrication of Gradient and Patterned Organic Thin Films by Bipolar Electrolytic Micelle Disruption Using Redox‐Active Surfactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Zhou
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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Zhou Y, Shida N, Tomita I, Inagi S. Fabrication of Gradient and Patterned Organic Thin Films by Bipolar Electrolytic Micelle Disruption Using Redox-Active Surfactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14620-14629. [PMID: 33830611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry could be regarded as a powerful approach for selective surface modification due to the beneficial feature that a wirelessly controllable potential distribution on bipolar electrodes (BPEs). Herein we report a bipolar electrolytic micelle disruption (BEMD) system for the preparation of shaped organic films. A U-shaped bipolar electrolytic system with a sigmoidal potential gradient on the BPE gave gradient-thin films including various interesting organic compounds, such as a polymerizable monomer, an organic pigment and aggregation induced emission (AIE) molecules. The gradient feature was characterized by UV-Vis absorption, thickness measurements and surface morphology analysis. Corresponding patterned films were also fabricated using a cylindrical bipolar electrolytic setup that enables site-selective application of the potential on the BPE. Such a facile BEMD approach will open a long-term perspective with respect to organic film preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Zhou
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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Shida N, Nakamura Y, Atobe M. Electrosynthesis in Laminar Flow Using a Flow Microreactor. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2164-2177. [PMID: 33734573 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis and microflow synthesis have become essential tools in their own rights in modern organic synthesis. In this personal account, we summarize our works on the integrated use of these techniques, i. e., electrosynthesis in a flow microreactor. Our group has developed an electrochemical microflow system composed of a pair of electrodes that face each other to form a micrometer-scale gap for the flow path, through which solution passes in laminar flow. By the aid of laminar flow, unprecedented chemo- and electrochemical selectivity has been observed, which is not achievable with conventional batch-type electrochemical cells. In addition, we showcase various unique electrochemical systems and reactions achieved with the flow microreactor, including self-supported electrolysis, efficient paired electrolysis, in situ generation of active species and its flash use, the spaciotemporal control of electropolymerization, and combinatorial screening of the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuto Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kurioka T, Shida N, Tomita I, Inagi S. Post-Functionalization of Aromatic C–H Bonds at the Main Chains of π-Conjugated Polymers via Anodic Chlorination Facilitated by Lewis Acids. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kurioka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Shida N, Ninomiya K, Takigawa N, Imato K, Ooyama Y, Tomita I, Inagi S. Diversification of Conjugated Polymers via Postpolymerization Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions with Sulfur-, Oxygen-, and Nitrogen-Based Nucleophiles. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ninomiya
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Natsuki Takigawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Keiichi Imato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Hirohata T, Shida N, Uekusa H, Yasuda N, Nishihara H, Ogoshi T, Tomita I, Inagi S. Pillar[6]quinone: facile synthesis, crystal structures and electrochemical properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6360-6363. [PMID: 34105536 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02413b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel electron-deficient macrocycle, pillar[6]quinone (P[Q]6), has been synthesized for the first time by both chemical and electrochemical oxidation of pillar[6]arene, showing clear hexagonal columnar stacking in the solid state. Cathodic voltammetric studies of P[Q]6 revealed that three electrons are injected first, followed by stepwise one-electron reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Hirohata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Diffraction and Scattering Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nishihara
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR)/Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan. and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Mikami R, Nakamura Y, Shida N, Atobe M. Anodic substitution reaction of carbamates in a flow microreactor using a stable emulsion solution. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00403d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An anodic substitution reaction in a flow microreactor using a stable emulsion solution prepared by tandem acoustic emulsification is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rio Mikami
- Department of Engineering and Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuto Nakamura
- Department of Engineering and Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Engineering and Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Department of Engineering and Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Shida N, Nishimi H, Asanuma Y, Tomita I, Inagi S. Synthesis of a conjugated polymer with ring-fused pyridinium units via a postpolymerization intramolecular cyclization reaction. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-0388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Zhou Y, Shida N, Koizumi Y, Endo K, Tomita I, Inagi S. Fabrication of One-Dimensional Polymer Nanowires by Templated Bipolar Electropolymerization Promoted by Electrophoretic Effect. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Zhou
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Koizumi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Kaoru Endo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Haryu S, Shida N, Tominaga T. Unusual case of persistent primitive hypoglossal artery with anterior choroidal artery aneurysm in Chiari type I malformation. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020; 30:383-385. [PMID: 33273775 PMCID: PMC7694719 DOI: 10.4103/ijri.ijri_429_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) is a rare form of persistent embryonic carotid-basilar anastomosis. We present an unusual case of PPHA and an anterior choroidal artery (AChoA) aneurysm associated with Chiari type I malformation. A 45-year-old woman presented with transient dizziness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed Chiari type I malformation and a left AChoA aneurysm. Digital subtraction angiography incidentally revealed a left PPHA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Chiari malformation in conjunction with PPHA and aneurysms. In this case, the perfusion of the posterior circulation is completely dependent on PPHA. It is very important to identify such variant vessels and complex angioarchitecture before planning neuroendovascular or surgical intervention to prevent possible risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Haryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanuma Neurosurgical Clinic, Tochigi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanuma Neurosurgical Clinic, Tochigi
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38
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Sekino K, Shida N, Shiki R, Takigawa N, Nishiyama H, Tomita I, Inagi S. Fluoride-Ion-Catalyzed Synthesis of Ladder-type Conjugated Benzobisbenzofurans via Intramolecular Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction under Metal-free and Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2020; 22:2892-2896. [PMID: 32097022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fluoride-ion-catalyzed synthesis of benzobisbenzofuran derivatives is described. Fluorine-containing aryl silyl ethers were reacted with 5 mol % of Bu4NF to give desired compounds in high yield under mild conditions. Syn-selective cyclization reaction was discovered for a particular compound as a kinetic product. Computational analysis revealed that the fluorine substituents in the anti-type benzobisbenzofurans affect the order of the molecular orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Sekino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Shiki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Natsuki Takigawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishiyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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39
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Ninomiya K, Shida N, Nishikawa T, Ishihara T, Nishiyama H, Tomita I, Inagi S. Postfunctionalization of a Perfluoroarene-Containing π-Conjugated Polymer via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:284-289. [PMID: 35638692 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Postfunctionalization is a useful strategy to tune the properties of conjugated polymers, while polymer reactions in the main chain of a conjugated backbone are still underexplored. Here we report the postfunctionalization of the main chain of a conjugated polymer via nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-tetrafluoro-p-phenylene) is used as a precursor to react with thiophenol derivatives in the presence of a base to enable multiple introduction of arylthio groups into the polymer main chain in high yield with preserving the backbone and the dispersity of the precursor polymer. The main chain structure and optoelectronic properties of the resulting polymers were significantly changed, evidenced by spectroscopic analysis of both model compounds and polymers as well as a computational simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Ninomiya
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishihara
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishiyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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40
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Shida N, Imada Y, Okada Y, Chiba K. Mechanistic Insights on Concentrated Lithium Salt/Nitroalkane Electrolyte Based on Analogy with Fluorinated Alcohols. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shida
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu 183-8509 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasushi Imada
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu 183-8509 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei 184-8588 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu 183-8509 Tokyo Japan
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41
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Shida N, Owaki S, Eguchi H, Nishikawa T, Tomita I, Inagi S. Bis(pentafluorophenyl)-o-carborane and its arylthio derivatives: synthesis, electrochemistry and optical properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12985-12989. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of bis(pentafluorophenyl)-o-carborane is reported, which is further thiolated by nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction to give emissive materials in the solid state following aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8502
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Owaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8502
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Eguchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8502
- Japan
| | - Takanobu Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8502
- Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8502
- Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8502
- Japan
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42
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Shida N, Inagi S. Bipolar electrochemistry in synergy with electrophoresis: electric field-driven electrosynthesis of anisotropic polymeric materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14327-14336. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effect of bipolar electrochemistry and electrophoresis enables facile access to various anisotropic functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8502
- Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8502
- Japan
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Abstract
Abstract
In the past decade, the incorporation of tellurophene motifs into organic devices has been a promising strategy for the design of advanced materials. However, fundamental redox behavior of tellurophene-containing materials have never been comprehensively explored. Here, we report unique redox behavior of π-extended tellurophenes. The facile coordination of solvent molecules and/or anions becomes evident, in addition to the attachment of nucleophilic halides. This indicates that the tellurium center in oxidized 2,5-diphenyltellurophene is highly electron-deficient and easily yields coordinated structures. This coordination appears to trap the positive charge on the tellurium center rather than delocalizing it over the π-system. When no coordinating counter ion is present, however, oxidation appears to be delocalized over the entire π-system. Additionally, by using more delocalized structures, we show that coordination and charge-delocalization can co-exist. These results provide important insights to understand the properties of tellurophene-containing molecules and materials with extended π-systems.
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Zheng F, Komatsuzaki Y, Shida N, Nishiyama H, Inagi S, Tomita I. Te-Li Exchange Reaction of Tellurophene-Containing π-Conjugated Polymer as Potential Synthetic Tool for Functional π-Conjugated Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900171. [PMID: 31373739 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the facts that tellurophene-containing π-conjugated polymers are obtainable from organotitanium polymers and that the tellurium atoms in the tellurophene derivatives can be transformed into lithium atoms, the synthesis of reactive lithiated polymer precursor and its transformations into some functionalized π-conjugated polymers are described. A regioregular organometallic polymer having 1,4-dilithio-1,3-butadiene and 9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl units is generated by the reaction of a tellurophene-containing polymer having the number-average molecular weight (Mn ) and molecular weight distribution (Mw /Mn ) of 5890 and 1.9, respectively, with n-butyllithium (2.4 equiv.) at -78 °C to -60 °C for 3 h. The lithiated polymer thus prepared is subjected to reactions with electrophiles to produce functionalized π-conjugated polymers. For example, a π-conjugated polymer possessing 1,4-bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)-1,3-butadiene-1,4-diyl unit is obtained in 67% yield by the reaction with tri-n-butyltin chloride (2.4 equiv.) at -60 °C to ambient temperature for 12 h in tetrahydrofuran, whose Mn and Mw /Mn are estimated as 7320 and 2.5, respectively, by size exclusion chromatography. The absorption maximum and onset of the obtained polymer are observed at 380 and 465 nm, respectively, in the UV-vis spectrum, from which the optical band gap of the polymer is estimated as 2.67 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zheng
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Komatsuzaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishiyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
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Abstract
Electrosynthesis is a powerful method for the synthesis of organic, inorganic, and polymeric materials based on electron-transfer-driven reactions at the substrate/electrode interface. The use of electricity for synthetic reactions without the need for hazardous chemical oxidants and reductants is recognized as a green and sustainable method. Other advantages include control of the reaction selectivity by tuning the electrode potentials. A different mode for driving electrochemical reactions has recently been proposed, in which bipolar electrodes (BPEs) are available as wireless electrodes that undergo anodic and cathodic reactions simultaneously. Bipolar electrochemistry is an old technology that has recently garnered renewed attention because of the interesting features of BPEs: (i) the wireless nature of a BPE is useful for sensors and material synthesis; (ii) the gradient potential distribution on BPEs is a powerful tool for the preparation of gradient surfaces and materials; and (iii) electrophoresis is available for effective electrolysis. In addition to these unique features, a BPE system only requires a small amount of supporting electrolyte in principle, whereas a large amount of electrolyte is necessary in conventional electrochemistry. Hence, bipolar electrochemistry is an inherently green and sustainable chemical process for the synthesis of materials. In this Account, recent progress in bipolar electrochemistry for the electrosynthesis of functional materials is summarized. The wireless nature of BPEs was utilized for symmetry breaking to produce anisotropic materials based on the site-selective modification of conductive objects by electrodeposition and electropolymerization. Potential gradients on a BPE interface have been successfully used as controllable templates to form molecular or polymeric gradient materials, which are potentially applicable for high throughput analytical equipment or as biomimetic materials. The electric field necessary to drive BPEs is also potentially useful to induce the directed migration of charged species. The synergetic effects of electrophoresis and electrolysis were also successfully demonstrated to obtain various functional materials. These features of bipolar electrochemistry and the various combinations of techniques have the potential to change the methodologies of material synthesis. Furthermore, the fundamental principle of bipolar electrochemistry infers that very small amounts of supporting electrolyte are necessary for an electrode system, which is expected to lead new methods of sustainable organic electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yaqian Zhou
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Shida N, Nishiyama H, Tomita I, Inagi S. Layer-by-layer Multilayered Film Formation on Gradient Polyelectrolyte Brush Prepared by Bipolar Electrochemistry. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishiyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Imada
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3‐5‐8 Saiwai‐cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183‐8509 Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3‐5‐8 Saiwai‐cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183‐8509 Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2‐24‐16 Naka‐cho, Koganei Tokyo 184‐8588 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3‐5‐8 Saiwai‐cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183‐8509 Japan
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48
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Okamoto K, Shida N, Tsutsui M, Chiba K. Liquid-Phase Synthesis of N-Functionalized Azanucleoside-Incorporated Oligonucleotides and Development of Anodic C(sp3)–H Acetoxylation Reaction for Direct Preparation of Azaribose. Synlett 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1611550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of pyrene-conjugated azanucleoside-incorporated oligodeoxynucleotides (aza-ODNs). Combination of liquid-phase synthesis by alkyl-chain-soluble-support (ACSS) and electrochemical C–H activation realized efficient access to aza-ODNs without requiring an excess amount of reagent or solvent. The fluorescent properties of pyrene-conjugated aza-ODNs were also investigated. The resulting fluorescence spectrum indicated that the modification of the position of the nitrogen atom was suitable for the preparation of artificial functionalized oligonucleotides. A synthetic route to azaribose, as a precursor of aza-ODNs, was also reinvestigated to realize more efficient production. Electrochemical N-α-acetoxylation in 0.1 M lithium perchlorate/nitromethane/50 mM AcOH medium was found to be a suitable medium for this route. These results represent a new efficient synthetic route to aza-ODNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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49
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Shida N, Imada Y, Nagahara S, Okada Y, Chiba K. Interplay of arene radical cations with anions and fluorinated alcohols in hole catalysis. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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50
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Okamoto K, Shoji T, Tsutsui M, Shida N, Chiba K. Synthesis of Ribo-Azanucleosides by Anodic Oxidation: Reactivity Control of Intermediate for Efficient Access to Pharmacophores. Chemistry 2018; 24:17902-17905. [PMID: 30216580 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Azanucleosides, the sugar-modified nucleoside analogues, have various biological activities, while their efficient synthetic strategy is still under development. Herein, a novel method for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant azanucleosides, β-anomers of ribo-azanucleosides, by means of site-specific anodic C-H activation by using a nitroalkane-lithium perchlorate medium is reported. A mechanistic study of the electrochemical reaction and the armed/disarmed concept from traditional glycochemistry revealed that the 2'-substituent has a significant effect on the reactivity of prolinol derivative, and suitable carboxylic acid additives can control the reactivity of the intermediate species, an iminium cation equivalent. Finally, this method was demonstrated to be applicable for the synthesis of β-anomers of ribo-azanucleosides with all four nucleobases in a stereoselective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takao Shoji
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tsutsui
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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