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Sheykhhasan M, Ahmadieh-Yazdi A, Vicidomini R, Poondla N, Tanzadehpanah H, Dirbaziyan A, Mahaki H, Manoochehri H, Kalhor N, Dama P. CAR T therapies in multiple myeloma: unleashing the future. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00750-2. [PMID: 38438559 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of cancer treatment has witnessed remarkable breakthroughs that have revolutionized the landscape of care for cancer patients. While traditional pillars such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have long been available, a cutting-edge therapeutic approach called CAR T-cell therapy has emerged as a game-changer in treating multiple myeloma (MM). This novel treatment method complements options like autologous stem cell transplants and immunomodulatory medications, such as proteasome inhibitors, by utilizing protein complexes or anti-CD38 antibodies with potent complement-dependent cytotoxic effects. Despite the challenges and obstacles associated with these treatments, the recent approval of the second FDA multiple myeloma CAR T-cell therapy has sparked immense promise in the field. Thus far, the results indicate its potential as a highly effective therapeutic solution. Moreover, ongoing preclinical and clinical trials are exploring the capabilities of CAR T-cells in targeting specific antigens on myeloma cells, offering hope for patients with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM). These advancements have shown the potential for CAR T cell-based medicines or combination therapies to elicit greater treatment responses and minimize side effects. In this context, it is crucial to delve into the history and functions of CAR T-cells while acknowledging their limitations. We can strategize and develop innovative approaches to overcome these barriers by understanding their challenges. This article aims to provide insights into the application of CAR T-cells in treating MM, shedding light on their potential, limitations, and strategies employed to enhance their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadieh-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi, University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Rosario Vicidomini
- Section on Cellular Communication, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ashkan Dirbaziyan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanie Mahaki
- Vascular & Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Manoochehri
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom, Iran
| | - Paola Dama
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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Poondla N, Sheykhhasan M, Ahmadyousefi Y, Akbari M, Seyedebrahimi R, Farsani ME, Kalhor N. Dendritic Cells - Winning the Fight against HIV. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:174-185. [PMID: 35366782 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220401102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HIV is a virus that targets and hijacks the immune cells of the host. It multiplies by attacking the helper T-lymphocytes. HIV has remained one of the most difficult and dangerous infections in the world due to the inability to find a successful treatment and a lack of access to medical care. When the virus reaches the body, dendritic cells are the first cells it encounters. DCs have been identified as one of the most effective mediators of immune responses, implying a promising strategy against viral infection. The current state of knowledge about the function of dendritic cells and their subsets is critical for using their full potential as a candidate for the development of an HIV vaccine. Despite extensive efforts, a reliable vaccine with the fewest side effects has yet to be found, and further research is needed to find a dependable and efficient vaccine. The extent to which dendritic cell-based therapy is used to treat HIV was investigated in this study. As the virus attacks the host immune system, the dendritic cells can trigger an immune response against HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Poondla
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research [ACECR], Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akbari
- Department of Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Eslami Farsani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research [ACECR], Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
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Chandrasekaran AP, Tyagi A, Poondla N, Sarodaya N, Karapurkar JK, Kaushal K, Park CH, Hong SH, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Dual role of deubiquitinating enzyme USP19 regulates mitotic progression and tumorigenesis by stabilizing survivin. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3414-3429. [PMID: 35918893 PMCID: PMC9637645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a component of the chromosomal passenger complex, which includes Aurora B, INCENP, and Borealin, and is required for chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. We performed a genome-wide screen of deubiquitinating enzymes for survivin. For the first time, we report that USP19 has a dual role in the modulation of mitosis and tumorigenesis by regulating survivin expression. Our results found that USP19 stabilizes and interacts with survivin in HCT116 cells. USP19 deubiquitinates survivin protein and extends its half-life. We also found that USP19 functions as a mitotic regulator by controlling the downstream signaling of survivin protein. Targeted genome knockout verified that USP19 depletion leads to several mitotic defects, including cytokinesis failure. In addition, USP19 depletion results in significant enrichment of apoptosis and reduces the growth of tumors in the mouse xenograft. We envision that simultaneous targeting of USP19 and survivin in oncologic drug development would increase therapeutic value and minimize redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Pandian Chandrasekaran
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Naresh Poondla
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Neha Sarodaya
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Janardhan Keshav Karapurkar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Kamini Kaushal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
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Sheykhhasan M, Poondla N. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell treatment improves post-stroke cerebral function recovery by regulating gut microbiota in rats. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:680-683. [PMID: 36157909 PMCID: PMC9453271 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i8.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early intervention with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to change the form and function of the gut microbiota may help rats regain neurological function after a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838695, Iran
| | - Naresh Poondla
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
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Poondla N, Sheykhhasan M, Akbari M, Samadi P, Kalhor N, Manoochehri H. The Promise of CAR T-Cell Therapy for the treatment of cancer stem cells: A Short Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:400-406. [PMID: 35176990 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220217101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a type of sophisticated tailored immunotherapy used to treat a variety of tumors. Immunotherapy works by utilizing the body's own immune system to discover and destroy malignant cells. In CAR-T therapy, a patient's own immune cells are genetically engineered to recognize and attack cancer. Treatments employing CAR T-cells are currently showing promising therapeutic results in patients with hematologic malignancies, and their safety and feasibility in solid tumors has been verified. In this review, we will discuss in detail the likelihood that CAR T-cells inhibit cancer stem cells (CSCs) by selectively targeting their cell surface markers will ultimately improve the therapeutic response for patients with various forms of cancer. This review addresses the major components of cancer stem cell (CSC)-targeted CAR T-cells against malignancies, from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Poondla
- Richmond University Medical Center, 355, Bard Avenue, Staten Island, New York 10310, United States
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine; Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akbari
- General Physician, Department of Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Hamed Manoochehri
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Iran
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Chandrasekaran AP, Poondla N, Ko NR, Oh SJ, Ramakrishna S. YM155 sensitizes HeLa cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via cFLIP and survivin downregulation. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:72. [PMID: 32863905 PMCID: PMC7436932 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis is a safe method for the treatment of various types of cancer. However, TRAIL therapy is less effective in certain types of cancer, including cervical cancer. To address this problem, a combinatorial approach was employed to sensitize cervical cancer at low dosages. YM155, a survivin inhibitor, was used at low dosages along with TRAIL to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells. The effects of the individual treatment with TRAIL and YM155 on apoptosis were assessed by propidium iodide assay. In addition, to validate the DNA damage exhibited by the combination treatment, the phosphorylation status of γH2A histone family member X was investigated by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. TRAIL or YM155 alone had no significant effect on DNA damage and apoptosis. However, the TRAIL/YM155 combination triggered a synergistic pro-apoptotic stimulus in HeLa cells. The mRNA and protein levels of CASP8- and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (cFLIP), death receptor 5 (DR5) and survivin were monitored using RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. This combinatorial approach downregulated both mRNA and protein expression levels of cFLIP and survivin. Further experimental results suggested that the combination treatment significantly reduced cell viability, invasion and migration of HeLa cells. Overall, the present findings indicated that the low dosage of YM155 sensitized HeLa cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via a mechanism involving downregulation of cFLIP and survivin. The results indicated the importance of combination drug treatment and reveal an effective therapeutic alternative for TRAIL therapy in human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Pandian Chandrasekaran
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Naresh Poondla
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Re Ko
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,College of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Pramanik S, Thaker M, Perumal AG, Ekambaram R, Poondla N, Schmidt M, Kim P, Kutzner A, Heese K. Cover Picture: Proteomic Atomics Reveals a Distinctive Uracil‐5‐Methyltransferase (Mol. Inf. 5/2020). Mol Inform 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.202080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and EngineeringHanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 1 33-791 Republic of Korea
- Institute of BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Manisha Thaker
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical School 3 Blackfan Circle Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Ananda Gopu Perumal
- Technology Business IncubatorPeriyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology Vallam, Thanjavur 613403 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rajasekaran Ekambaram
- Department of ChemistryV.S.B. Engineering College 67 Covai Road, Karudayampalayam Post, Karur 639111 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Naresh Poondla
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and EngineeringHanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 1 33-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Markus Schmidt
- Department of Information SystemsCollege of EngineeringHanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 133-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Pok‐Son Kim
- Department of MathematicsKookmin University 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 1 36-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Arne Kutzner
- Department of Information SystemsCollege of EngineeringHanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 133-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and EngineeringHanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 1 33-791 Republic of Korea
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Pramanik S, Thaker M, Perumal AG, Ekambaram R, Poondla N, Schmidt M, Kim PS, Kutzner A, Heese K. Proteomic Atomics Reveals a Distinctive Uracil-5-Methyltransferase. Mol Inform 2020; 39:e1900135. [PMID: 31943843 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201900135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and sulfur (S) atoms intrigue as they are the foundation for amino acid (AA) composition and the folding and functions of proteins and thus define and control the survival of a cell, the smallest unit of life. Here, we calculated the proteomic atom distribution in >1500 randomly selected species across the entire current phylogenetic tree and identified uracil-5-methyltransferase (U5MTase) of the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum (Pf, strain Pf3D7), with a distinct atom and AA distribution pattern. We determined its apicoplast location and in silico 3D protein structure to refocus attention exclusively on U5MTase with tremendous potential for therapeutic intervention in malaria. Around 300 million clinical cases of malaria occur each year in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, resulting in over one million deaths annually, placing malaria among the most serious infectious diseases. Genomic and proteomic research of the clades of parasites containing Pf is progressing slowly and the functions of most of the ∼5300 genes are still unknown. We applied a 'bottom-up' comparative proteomic atomics analysis across the phylogenetic tree to visualize a protein molecule on its actual basis - i. e., its atomic level. We identified a protruding Pf3D7-specific U5MTase, determined its 3D protein structure, and identified potential inhibitory drug molecules through in silico drug screening that might serve as possible remedies for the treatment of malaria. Besides, this atomic-based proteome map provides a unique approach for the identification of parasite-specific proteins that could be considered as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 1, 33-791, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Manisha Thaker
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ananda Gopu Perumal
- Technology Business Incubator, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Vallam, Thanjavur, 613403, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajasekaran Ekambaram
- Department of Chemistry, V.S.B. Engineering College, 67 Covai Road, Karudayampalayam Post, Karur, 639111, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naresh Poondla
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 1, 33-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Markus Schmidt
- Department of Information Systems, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Pok-Son Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 1, 36-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Arne Kutzner
- Department of Information Systems, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 1, 33-791, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Cancer remains a life-threatening disease and accounts for the major mortality rates worldwide. The practice of using biomarkers for early detection, staging, and customized therapy may increase cancer patients’ survival. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are a family of proteases that remove ubiquitin tags from proteins of interest undergoing proteasomal degradation. DUBs play several functional roles other than deubiquitination. One of the important roles of DUBs is regulation of tumor progression. Several reports have suggested that the DUB family members were highly-elevated in various cancer cells and tissues in different stages of cancer. These findings suggest that the DUBs could be used as drug targets in cancer therapeutics. In this review, we recapitulate the role of the DUB family members, including ubiquitin-specific protease, otubain protease, and important candidates from other family members. Our aim was to better understand the connection between DUB expression profiles and cancers to allow researchers to design inhibitors or gene therapies to improve diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Poondla
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Arun Pandian Chandrasekaran
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Poondla N, Chandrasekaran AP, Heese K, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. CRISPR-mediated upregulation of DR5 and downregulation of cFLIP synergistically sensitize HeLa cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:60-65. [PMID: 30862357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has received attention as an anticancer therapy because it mediates apoptosis of several cancer cell types but not normal human cell types. In this study, we implemented genome editing techniques to upregulate DR5 and downregulate cFLIP in HeLa cells to stimulate TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We designed and validated sgRNAs to enrich the endogenous level of DR5 by dead Cas9 (dCas9). Similarly, we designed two sgRNAs to disrupt the cFLIP gene by CRISPR/Cas9. We analyzed the effect of TRAIL on tumor cells by co-transfecting HeLa cells with the best combinations of sgRNAs regulating DR5 and cFLIP genes. TRAIL-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells was evaluated by the γH2AX foci formation assay to check for double-strand break and propidium iodide and Annexin V staining to quantify apoptotic cells. Viable cells were identified by CCK-8 assay, and cleaved-PARP level was evaluated by Western blot. This is the first study to demonstrate that genome editing techniques can be used as an effective combinatorial treatment strategy to induce apoptosis of cancer cells. In particular, enhancement of DR5 expression and inhibition of cFLIP expression by genome editing had a synergistic effect of inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant HeLa cells. These results suggest that combinatorial treatment strategies mediated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system may be effective for design of other human TRAIL-resistant cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Poondla
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Madduru D, Ijaq J, Dhar S, Sarkar S, Poondla N, Das PS, Vasquez S, Suravajhala P. Systems Challenges of Hepatic Carcinomas: A Review. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:233-244. [PMID: 31024206 PMCID: PMC6477144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is ubiquitous in its prevalence in most of the developing countries. In the era of systems biology, multi-omics has evinced an extensive approach to define the underlying mechanism of disease progression. HCC is a multifactorial disease and the investigation of progression of liver cirrhosis becomes much extensive with cultivating omics approaches. We have performed a comprehensive review about such challenges in multi-omics approaches that are concerned to identify the immunological, genetics and epidemiological factors associated with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhatri Madduru
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, TG, India
- Bioclues.org
| | - Johny Ijaq
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, TG, India
- Bioclues.org
| | | | | | | | - Partha S. Das
- Bioclues.org
- Patient MD, Chicago, IL 60640-5710, United States
| | - Silvia Vasquez
- Bioclues.org
- Instituto Peruano de Energía Nuclear, Avenida Canadá 1470, Lima, Peru
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Bioclues.org
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Statue Circle 302001, RJ, India
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