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Alsheikh A, Alshehri A, Alzahrani S, Jammah AA, Alqahtani F, Alotaibi M, Aldahash R, Alhozali AM, Alsabaan F, Almehthel M, Aljuhani N, Aldabeis A, Alamri M, Maghawry W, Alzaman N, Alshaikh A, M Alnozha O, Issak ER, Alsifri S. Evaluating the Clinical Effectiveness and Safety of Semaglutide in Individuals with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes. Real-World Evidence from Saudi Arabia: The Observational, Multicenter, 15-Month EVOLUTION Study. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:473-485. [PMID: 38110660 PMCID: PMC10838866 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of semaglutide, administered either by weekly subcutaneous (SC) injection or orally, in real-life practice in Saudi Arabia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A retrospective chart review study was conducted at 18 Saudi Arabia centers. An accredited centralized institutional review board approved the study. Medical records were included for individuals of any age ≥ 18 years with uncontrolled T2DM. The primary outcome measure was the laboratory glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. Secondary measures included fasting blood glucose (FBG), weight, and hypoglycemia. All variables were checked after 6 and 12 months of semaglutide initiation. RESULTS The analysis of this study included 1223 patients with uncontrolled T2DM (HbA1c > 7%). The mean (SD) baseline HbA1c was 10.02% (1.17). HbA1c was reduced by an average of 3.02% (0.84) and 3.17% (0.84) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Results of a repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences in HbA1c (p value < 0.001). HbA1c levels at 6 and 12 months were significantly lower, 7.00% (0.70) and 6.85% (0.69), than at baseline, 10.02% (1.17). About 193 patients (56.4%) of the 295 patients having HbA1c < 9% achieved HbA1c of 5.7% or less. The frequency of hypoglycemia events was 4.60 (1.10) in the 3 months before semaglutide was initiated. The frequency of hypoglycemia events in the last 3 months was 2.30 (0.80) events and 0.80 (0.50) events at 6-month and 12-month follow-up visits, respectively. The percent reduction in body mass index (BMI) was an average of 13.07% (1.53) and 19.89% (4.07) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Lipid profile and blood pressure were improved at 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSION Semaglutide, administered either by SC injection or orally, provided substantial glycemic and weight-loss benefits in adults with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alsheikh
- King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Dr. Suliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Anwar A Jammah
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Alhammadi Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Metib Alotaibi
- Alhammadi Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Dr Suliman Alhabeeb Hospital, Alolya, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Aldahash
- Dr Suliman Alhabeeb Hospital, Alolya, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdallah Medical City, National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani M Alhozali
- King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- International Medical Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Moneer Alamri
- Southern Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naweed Alzaman
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Madina Medical Center, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Omar M Alnozha
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi German Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad R Issak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Saud Alsifri
- Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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