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Larussa T, Abenavoli L, Fabiano G, Mancuso MA, Polimeni N, Dumitrascu DL, Luzza F. Gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: a target for therapy not to be missed. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2022; 67:357-368. [PMID: 35040302 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, the gut microbiota achieved great importance, since several studies demonstrated its correlation with the immune system and with the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, as well as with the regulation of the integrity of the epithelium and the intestinal motility. An imbalance in microbial species promotes a dysbiosis, which has been associated with chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, inflammatory diseases, and some behavior disorders. The association with gut microbiota and dysbiosis has been demonstrated mostly in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several studies investigated the application of antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment strategies for IBD. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the potential role of the gut microbiota manipulation, with particular attention to bacterial microbiota, which could be implicated for a successful IBD therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy -
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Fabiano
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria A Mancuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Natale Polimeni
- Digestive Endoscopy Service, Casa di Cura Policlinico Madonna della Consolazione, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- Second Medical Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Larussa T, Abenavoli L, Procopio AC, Iannelli C, Polimeni N, Spagnuolo R, Doldo P, Luzza F. The role of gluten-free diet in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:6613-6618. [PMID: 34787864 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202111_27104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease involving the small bowel, generated by the ingestion of gluten-containing foods in genetically predisposed subjects. Currently, the unique therapy for CD is the absolute adherence to gluten-free diet, but this treatment has been related to the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this systematic review, we provide an update from the most recent studies on the risk of developing NAFLD patients adhering to GFD. MATERIALS AND METHODS According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement (PRISMA) criteria, we performed a systematic literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar from 2012 to 2021. RESULTS In the present systematic review, eight studies investigated how GFD in CD patients may be a risk factor for the onset of NAFLD from a minimum of six months to the maximum follow-up period represented by a median of 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Present systematic review evaluates how GFD plays a key role in NAFLD for consumption of products rich in saturated fats and carbohydrates that promotes accumulation of lipids and lead to hepatic steatosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Larussa
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
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Abenavoli L, Procopio AC, Scarpellini E, Polimeni N, Aquila I, Larussa T, Boccuto L, Luzza F. Gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 67:339-347. [PMID: 33871224 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of the adult human represents the habitat of the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms, defined as the gut microbiota, which has more than 100 trillion microorganisms representing one of the most complex ecosystems. Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by microorganisms begins at the time of birth. Contrary to what was previously hypothesized, a large number of fundamental functions for the host are attributed to the gut microbiota to date. The gut microbiota, therefore, does not represent a passive set of microbes hosted inside the human organism but plays a crucial role in the balance of the organism itself. An alteration of the microbiota is a phenomenon known as dysbiosis. The latter can be implicated in the development of complex liver diseases like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of this review is to describe the most interesting data linking the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with the gut microbiota and, therefore, to underline the importance of the microbiota itself, as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy -
| | - Anna C Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit and Internal Medicine Unit, Madonna del Soccorso General Hospital, San Benedetto del Tronto, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Natale Polimeni
- Digestive Disease Endoscopy Unit, Madonna della Consolazione Hospital, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Isabella Aquila
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- School of Nursing, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Tursi A, Allegretta L, Buccianti N, Della Valle N, Elisei W, Forti G, Faggiani R, Gallina S, Hadad Y, Larussa T, Lauria A, Luzza F, Lorenzetti R, Mocci G, Penna A, Polimeni N, Pranzo G, Ricciardelli C, Zampaletta C, Picchio M. Effectiveness and Safety of Golimumab in Treating Outpatient Ulcerative Colitis: A Real-Life Prospective, Multicentre, Observational Study in Primary Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Centers. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2018; 26:239-244. [PMID: 28922435 DOI: 10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.263.trs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Golimumab (GOL) has been recently approved in Italy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) unresponsive to standard treatments. Our aims were to assess the real-life efficacy and safety of GOL in managing UC outpatients in Italian primary Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) centres. METHODS Consecutive UC outpatients with at least 3-months follow-up were enrolled. Primary end-point was the induction and maintenance of remission in UC, defined as Mayo score </=2, at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS Ninety-three patients were enrolled. At 6-month follow-up, remission was obtained in 34 (36.5%) patients. Shorter duration of disease was the only significant predictive factor of remission. Clinical response was achieved in 60 (64.5%) patients, while mucosal healing (MH) was obtained in 18 (19.3%) patients. Sixteen (47.0%) patients under remission were still under therapy with steroids. C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin significantly dropped during the follow-up (plt;0.001 for both proteins). Adverse events occurred in 4 (4.3%) patients and 3 of them stopped treatment. Colectomy was performed in only one patient (1.1%). CONCLUSIONS Golimumab seems to be safe and effective in inducing and maintaining remission in real life UC outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tursi
- Gastroenterology Service, ASL BAT, Andria, Italy. antotursi@tiscali
| | - Leonardo Allegretta
- Div. Gastroenterology, Santa Caterina Novella Hospital, Galatina (LE), Italy
| | - Nello Buccianti
- Div. Internal Medicine, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, Matera, Italy
| | | | - Walter Elisei
- Div.Gastroenterology, ASL Roma 6, Albano Laziale, Roma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Forti
- Div.Digestive Endoscopy, S. Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Sara Gallina
- Div.Gastroenterology, Belcolle Hospital, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Yusef Hadad
- Div.Internal Medicine, Card. Panico Hospital, Tricase (LE), Italy
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Depart.Health Science, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angelo Lauria
- Div. Gastroenterology, A.O. Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Depart.Health Science, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Penna
- Div. Gastroenterology, S. Paolo Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Natale Polimeni
- Div. Gastroenterology, A.O. Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pranzo
- Ambulatory for IBD Treatment, Valle D'Itria Hospital, Martina Franca (TA), Italy
| | | | | | - Marcello Picchio
- Div. General Surgery, P. Colombo Hospital, ASL Roma 6, Velletri, Roma, Italy
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Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Elisei W, Picchio M, Forti G, Pianese G, Rodino S, D'Amico T, Sacca N, Portincasa P, Capezzuto E, Lattanzio R, Spadaccini A, Fiorella S, Polimeni F, Polimeni N, Stoppino V, Stoppino G, Giorgetti GM, Aiello F, Danese S. Randomised clinical trial: mesalazine and/or probiotics in maintaining remission of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease--a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:741-51. [PMID: 23957734 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placebo-controlled studies in maintaining remission of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) of the colon are lacking. AIM To assess the effectiveness of mesalazine and/or probiotics in maintaining remission in SUDD. METHODS A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. Two hundred and ten patients were randomly enrolled in a double-blind fashion in four groups: Group M (active mesalazine 1.6 g/day plus Lactobacillus casei subsp. DG placebo), Group L (active Lactobacillus casei subsp. DG 24 billion/day plus mesalazine placebo), Group LM (active Lactobacillus casei subsp. DG 24 billion/day plus active mesalazine), Group P (Lactobacillus casei subsp. DG placebo plus mesalazine placebo). Patients received treatment for 10 days/month for 12 months. Recurrence of SUDD was defined as the reappearance of abdominal pain during follow-up, scored as ≥5 (0: best; 10: worst) for at least 24 consecutive hours. RESULTS Recurrence of SUDD occurred in no (0%) patient in group LM, in 7 (13.7%) patients in group M, in 8 (14.5%) patients in group L and in 23 (46.0%) patients in group P (LM group vs. M group, P = 0.015; LM group vs. L group, P = 0.011; LM group vs. P group, P = 0.000; M group vs. P group, P = 0.000; L group vs. P group, P = 0.000). Acute diverticulitis occurred in six group P cases and in one group L case (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Both cyclic mesalazine and Lactobacillus casei subsp. DG treatments, particularly when given in combination, appear to be better than placebo for maintaining remission of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01534754).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tursi
- Gastroenterology Service, ASL BAT, Andria (BT), Italy.
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Polimeni N, Bova F, Lauria A, Luverà A, Polimeni F. [Endoscopic treatment of biliary fistulas after laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 1999; 45:225-32. [PMID: 16498333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the role of the endoscopic treatment of biliary fistulas after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS From January 1993 to December 1997, 16 patients with biliary fistulas after laparoscopic cholecystectomy have been treated. All patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and 12 biliary endoprosthesis were inserted, left in seat for 4-6 weeks, and a nasal-biliary drain, removed after 4 days. RESULTS The seat of the leak was cystic duct in 12 cases, common hepatic duct in 2 cases and an intrahepatic duct in 2 cases. Eleven patients showed common bile duct stones, treated by endoscopic extraction, and two patients showed a biliary ascites, previously drained percutaneously. In all the patients a fast regression of the clinical signs and of the biohumoral index were observed, and at the time of stent removal the leak was always absent. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained confirm the primary role of ERCP in the management of biliary duct injuries, as a definitive diagnosis and an immediate treatment, often resolutive, is guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Polimeni
- Divisione di Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, Reggio Calabria
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