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Galarza-Delgado DA, Azpiri-Lopez JR, Colunga-Pedraza IJ, Cardenas-de la Garza JA, Gonzalez-Gonzalez V, Beltran-Aguilar VM, Arias-Peralta AG, De Avila-Gonzalez N, Guajardo-Jauregui N. Cardiovascular health worsening in patients with autoimmune rheumatological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:2677-2690. [PMID: 36627529 PMCID: PMC9838353 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic autoimmune diseases are associated with a myriad of comorbidities. Of particular importance due to their morbimortality are cardiovascular diseases. COVID-19 greatly impacted the world population in many different areas. Patients with rheumatic diseases had to face changes in their healthcare, in addition to unemployment, a decrease in physical activity, social isolation, and lack of access to certain medications. This review summarizes the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and unhealthy behaviors in patients with rheumatic inflammatory autoimmune diseases, particularly focused on rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Searches were carried out in MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus from August to December 2022. Four reviewers screened the title and abstract of retrieved records. Potentially eligible reports were then reviewed in full text. Differences were reconciled by either consensus or discussion with an external reviewer. During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with rheumatic diseases showed an increase in the prevalence of mental health disorders (43.2-57.7%), reduced physical activity (56.8%), and a worsening in eating behaviors. Alcohol intake increased (18.2%), especially in early phases of the pandemic. Smoking prevalence decreased (28.2%). Dyslipidemia and hypertension showed no changes. The pandemic and lockdown affected rheumatic patients not only in disease-related characteristics but in the prevalence of their cardiovascular comorbidities and risk factors. Lifestyle changes, such as healthy eating, physical activity, and optimal management of their rheumatic diseases and comorbidities, are essential to manage the long-lasting consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak. Key Points • During the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, depression, sedentarism, obesity, and a worsening in eating behaviors increased. •Patients with rheumatic diseases and comorbidities have worse clinical outcomes and a higher cardiovascular disease burden than those without them. •Comparative studies are necessary to precisely elucidate the pandemic's impact on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and comorbidities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionicio A Galarza-Delgado
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jose R Azpiri-Lopez
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco I. Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Iris J Colunga-Pedraza
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jesus Alberto Cardenas-de la Garza
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Valeria Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Victor M Beltran-Aguilar
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Angel G Arias-Peralta
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco I. Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Natalia De Avila-Gonzalez
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Natalia Guajardo-Jauregui
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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