The association of TNF-alpha secretion and mtDNA copy number in CD14+ monocytes of patients with obesity and CHD

Introduction

Mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of the causes of inflammatory activation of monocytes and macrophages, which leads to excessive secretion of inflammatory mediators and the development of chronic inflammation.

Aims

The study was aimed to evaluate the secretion of inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the primary culture of monocytes, and to analyze its relationship with the number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies in the blood of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and obesity.

Materials and methods

108 patients with obesity and concomitant CHD and a control group of 25 participants were included in the study. CD14+ monocytes were isolated by a standard method in a ficoll-urographin gradient, followed by separation using magnetic particles. The number of mtDNA copies was estimated using qPCR.

Results

It was demonstrated that the number of mtDNA copies was significantly increased in groups of patients with CHD and obesity + CHD in comparison with control group. mtDNA copy number positively correlated with basal and LPS-stimulated TNF-α secretion, the most significant correlation was found in the group of patients with CHD and obesity.

Conclusion

Thus, the change in mtDNA copy number in CD14+ monocytes which indicates the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction, confirm the direct involvement of mitochondria in the violation of the inflammatory response of monocytes revealed in this study as an increased secretion of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α.

[Physical activity in sarcopenia: rehabilitation approaches in prevention and treatment of age-related muscle disorders]

Sarcopenia is a widespread condition in the elderly people, that occurs as a result of impaired muscle structure and function and is significantly associated with reduced quality and time of life. This review represents current approaches to the diagnosis of sarcopenia with reference to recent European and Asian consensus. They include rules for the evaluation of the main muscle strength and function tests (hand dynamometry, sit-to-stand test, 6-minute walk test, physical performance battery tests, etc.), physical and instrumental methods of muscle mass analysis (densitometry, bioimpedance analysis, magnetic resonance imaging). Furthermore, the pathogenetic relationship between the lack of physical activity and muscle dysfunction in elderly people is broached, including in particular the role of myostatin, interleukin-6, somatotropin and insulin resistance. The article represents possibilities of impact of aerobic, strength and neuromuscular physical exercises on prevention and correction of sarcopenic changes in different age groups based on the analysis of current clinical studies.

[Effect of hepatitis C virus genotype on viral load and clinical-laboratory characteristics of liver disease]

Aim of the work was to examine the influence of HCV genotype on the clinical features of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Were examined 9.715 patients under treatment in hospital gastroenterological for the presence of hepatitis C virus. In 365 patients was found HCV RNA. At 210 patients was performed genotyping. Was performed a quantitative analysis of 193 patients. There were determined cytolytic syndrome (ALT, AST), cholestatic (alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin), the activity of GGT in the blood of patients by biochemical markers.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The frequency of virus infection, confirmed by PCR analysis of data from this group of patients was 3.7% (95% CI 3.3-4.1). Occurrence of genotypes of hepatitis C was for 1 genotype 61.4% (54.7-68.1, 95% CI) for the 2-th genotype--10.9% (6.7-15.2; 95% CI) and the third genotype--at 27.6% (21.5-33.7, 95% CI). Viral load was significantly higher (p < 0.05) at 3-m type of HCV and was amounted to 8.08 +/- 15.6 million IU, compared with patients with 1st and 2nd genotype: 4.5 +/- 11.3 and 3.7 +/- 10.3 MIU. Also among patients with genotype 3 HCV viral load was (more than 800 thousand IU/ml) significantly more frequent in 50% of patients, whereas among patients with genotype 1 HCV, such patients was 22% and from 2 th HCV genotype--26% (chi2 = 13.0, p = 0.001). Significantly more frequent among patients with viral load more than 2.5 million IU/l at men (Fisher's test p = 0.03), as men often had the third genotype of hepatitis C (p < 0.005). Genotype was not significantly affected the performance of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes. In patients with low viral load (less than 800 thousand IU/ml) was significantly less pronounced cytolytic syndrome, ALT was significantly lower (p < 0.05), the AST activity of reliable statistical difference was noted. Also significantly under high viral load (more than 800 thousand IU/ml) was higher than the activity of GGT (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Thus, our data showed that among the patients in our hospital were more prevalent third genotype of hepatitis C virus than among the population of the Russian Federation. Gender particular occurrence of the third genotype require further study to clarify the role of gender or other factors, concomitant increase in its prevalence. The presence of the third genotype of hepatitis C virus was accompanied by a high viral load, and probably an additional toxic effect on hepatocytes.