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Halim L, Romano M, McGregor R, Correa I, Pavlidis P, Grageda N, Hoong SJ, Yuksel M, Jassem W, Hannen RF, Ong M, Mckinney O, Hayee B, Karagiannis SN, Powell N, Lechler RI, Nova-Lamperti E, Lombardi G. An Atlas of Human Regulatory T Helper-like Cells Reveals Features of Th2-like Tregs that Support a Tumorigenic Environment. Cell Rep 2018; 20:757-770. [PMID: 28723576 PMCID: PMC5529316 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in maintaining immunological tolerance, but they can also play a detrimental role by preventing antitumor responses. Here, we characterized T helper (Th)-like Treg subsets to further delineate their biological function and tissue distribution, focusing on their possible contribution to disease states. RNA sequencing and functional assays revealed that Th2-like Tregs displayed higher viability and autocrine interleukin-2 (IL-2)-mediated activation than other subsets. Th2-like Tregs were preferentially found in tissues rather than circulation and exhibited the highest migratory capacity toward chemokines enriched at tumor sites. These cellular responses led us to hypothesize that this subset could play a role in maintaining a tumorigenic environment. Concurrently, Th2-like Tregs were enriched specifically in malignant tissues from patients with melanoma and colorectal cancer compared to healthy tissue. Overall, our results suggest that Th2-like Tregs may contribute to a tumorigenic environment due to their increased cell survival, higher migratory capacity, and selective T-effector suppressive ability. Memory Tregs can be classified as T helper-like Tregs (Th2, Th17, Th1, and Th1/17) Human Th2-like Tregs exhibit the highest viability and IL-2-mediated activation Th2-like Tregs are the subset with the highest chemotaxis toward CCL17/22 Th2-like Tregs are enriched at tumor sites in melanoma and colorectal cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Halim
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Marco Romano
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Reuben McGregor
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Isabel Correa
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Polychronis Pavlidis
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Nathali Grageda
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Sec-Julie Hoong
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Muhammed Yuksel
- Institute of Liver Studies and Transplantation, King's College London, King's College Hospital, SE5 9RS London, UK
| | - Wayel Jassem
- Institute of Liver Studies and Transplantation, King's College London, King's College Hospital, SE5 9RS London, UK
| | - Rosalind F Hannen
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, E1 2AT London, UK
| | - Mark Ong
- Histology/Histopathology Laboratory, King's College Hospital, SE5 9RS London, UK
| | - Olivia Mckinney
- Histology/Histopathology Laboratory, King's College Hospital, SE5 9RS London, UK
| | - Bu'Hussain Hayee
- Department of Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital, SE5 9RS London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Nicholas Powell
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Robert I Lechler
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK; King's Health Partners, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | | | - Giovanna Lombardi
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK.
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Safinia N, Grageda N, Scottà C, Thirkell S, Fry LJ, Vaikunthanathan T, Lechler RI, Lombardi G. Cell Therapy in Organ Transplantation: Our Experience on the Clinical Translation of Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29535728 PMCID: PMC5834909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage organ dysfunction. Despite improvements in short-term outcome, long-term outcome is suboptimal due to the increased morbidity and mortality associated with the toxicity of immunosuppressive regimens and chronic rejection (1–5). As such, the attention of the transplant community has focused on the development of novel therapeutic strategies to achieve allograft tolerance, a state whereby the immune system of the recipient can be re-educated to accept the allograft, averting the need for long-term immunosuppression. Indeed, reports of “operational” tolerance, whereby the recipient is off all immunosuppressive drugs and maintaining good graft function, is well documented in the literature for both liver and kidney transplantations (6–8). However, this phenomenon is rare and in the setting of liver transplantation has been shown to occur late after transplantation, with the majority of patients maintained on life-long immunosupression to prevent allograft rejection (9). As such, significant research has focused on immune regulation in the context of organ transplantation with regulatory T cells (Tregs) identified as cells holding considerable promise in this endeavor. This review will provide a brief introduction to human Tregs, their phenotypic and functional characterization and focuses on our experience to date at the clinical translation of Treg immunotherapy in the setting of solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Safinia
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine, Division of Digestive Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathali Grageda
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiano Scottà
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Thirkell
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J Fry
- Clinical Research Facility GMP Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Trishan Vaikunthanathan
- The Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert I Lechler
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Fraser H, Safinia N, Grageda N, Thirkell S, Lowe K, Fry LJ, Scottá C, Hope A, Fisher C, Hilton R, Game D, Harden P, Bushell A, Wood K, Lechler RI, Lombardi G. A Rapamycin-Based GMP-Compatible Process for the Isolation and Expansion of Regulatory T Cells for Clinical Trials. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2018; 8:198-209. [PMID: 29552576 PMCID: PMC5850906 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The concept of regulatory T cell (Treg)-based immunotherapy has enormous potential for facilitating tolerance in autoimmunity and transplantation. Clinical translation of Treg cell therapy requires production processes that satisfy the rigors of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards. In this regard, we report our findings on the implementation of a robust GMP compliant process for the ex vivo expansion of clinical grade Tregs, demonstrating the feasibility of this developed process for the manufacture of a final product for clinical application. This Treg isolation procedure ensured the selection of a pure Treg population that underwent a 300-fold expansion after 36 days of culture, while maintaining a purity of more than 75% CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ cells and a suppressive function of above 80%. Furthermore, we report the successful cryopreservation of the final product, demonstrating the maintenance of phenotype and function. The process outlined in this manuscript has been implemented in the ONE study, a multicenter phase I/IIa clinical trial in which cellular therapy is investigated in renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrieta Fraser
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Niloufar Safinia
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nathali Grageda
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Thirkell
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Lowe
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura J Fry
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cristiano Scottá
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Hope
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Fisher
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Hilton
- The Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust
| | - David Game
- The Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - Andrew Bushell
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathryn Wood
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert I Lechler
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
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6
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Fuchs A, Gliwiński M, Grageda N, Spiering R, Abbas AK, Appel S, Bacchetta R, Battaglia M, Berglund D, Blazar B, Bluestone JA, Bornhäuser M, Ten Brinke A, Brusko TM, Cools N, Cuturi MC, Geissler E, Giannoukakis N, Gołab K, Hafler DA, van Ham SM, Hester J, Hippen K, Di Ianni M, Ilic N, Isaacs J, Issa F, Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ D, Jaeckel E, Joosten I, Klatzmann D, Koenen H, van Kooten C, Korsgren O, Kretschmer K, Levings M, Marek-Trzonkowska NM, Martinez-Llordella M, Miljkovic D, Mills KHG, Miranda JP, Piccirillo CA, Putnam AL, Ritter T, Roncarolo MG, Sakaguchi S, Sánchez-Ramón S, Sawitzki B, Sofronic-Milosavljevic L, Sykes M, Tang Q, Vives-Pi M, Waldmann H, Witkowski P, Wood KJ, Gregori S, Hilkens CMU, Lombardi G, Lord P, Martinez-Caceres EM, Trzonkowski P. Minimum Information about T Regulatory Cells: A Step toward Reproducibility and Standardization. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1844. [PMID: 29379498 PMCID: PMC5775516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapies with CD4+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) hold promise of efficacious treatment for the variety of autoimmune and allergic diseases as well as posttransplant complications. Nevertheless, current manufacturing of Tregs as a cellular medicinal product varies between different laboratories, which in turn hampers precise comparisons of the results between the studies performed. While the number of clinical trials testing Tregs is already substantial, it seems to be crucial to provide some standardized characteristics of Treg products in order to minimize the problem. We have previously developed reporting guidelines called minimum information about tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells, which allows the comparison between different preparations of tolerance-inducing antigen-presenting cells. Having this experience, here we describe another minimum information about Tregs (MITREG). It is important to note that MITREG does not dictate how investigators should generate or characterize Tregs, but it does require investigators to report their Treg data in a consistent and transparent manner. We hope this will, therefore, be a useful tool facilitating standardized reporting on the manufacturing of Tregs, either for research purposes or for clinical application. This way MITREG might also be an important step toward more standardized and reproducible testing of the Tregs preparations in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Fuchs
- GMP facility, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mateusz Gliwiński
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Nathali Grageda
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Spiering
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Abul K Abbas
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Silke Appel
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rosa Bacchetta
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Manuela Battaglia
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and TrialNet Clinical Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - David Berglund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bruce Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- GMP facility, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Maria Cristina Cuturi
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Edward Geissler
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nick Giannoukakis
- Allegheny Health Network, Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Karolina Gołab
- Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David A Hafler
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joanna Hester
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keli Hippen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, United States
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Natasa Ilic
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, National Reference Laboratory for Trichinellosis, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - John Isaacs
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Issa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Transplantationsforschungszentrum, Medical School of Hannover (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David Klatzmann
- Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 959, Sorbonne Université, and Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hans Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Transplantation Immunology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karsten Kretschmer
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Megan Levings
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Natalia Maria Marek-Trzonkowska
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marc Martinez-Llordella
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Djordje Miljkovic
- Department of Immunology, IBISS, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joana P Miranda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Program in Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amy L Putnam
- Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thomas Ritter
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, ISCBRM, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ljiljana Sofronic-Milosavljevic
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, National Reference Laboratory for Trichinellosis, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Bone Marrow Transplantation Research, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology of Diabetes Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Herman Waldmann
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kathryn J Wood
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Gregori
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Group, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Catharien M U Hilkens
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Lord
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Eva M Martinez-Caceres
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital - Can Ruti, Department Cellular Biology, Physiology, Immunology, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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