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Olson KR, Clear KJ, Gao Y, Ma Z, Cieplik NM, Fiume AR, Gaziano DJ, Kasko SM, Luu J, Pfaff E, Travlos A, Velander C, Wilson KJ, Edwards ED, Straub KD, Wu G. Redox and Nucleophilic Reactions of Naphthoquinones with Small Thiols and Their Effects on Oxidization of H 2S to Inorganic and Organic Hydropolysulfides and Thiosulfate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087516. [PMID: 37108682 PMCID: PMC10138938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) and its derivatives (NQs, juglone, plumbagin, 2-methoxy-1,4-NQ, and menadione) have a variety of therapeutic applications, many of which are attributed to redox cycling and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We previously demonstrated that NQs also oxidize hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to reactive sulfur species (RSS), potentially conveying identical benefits. Here we use RSS-specific fluorophores, mass spectroscopy, EPR and UV-Vis spectrometry, and oxygen-sensitive optodes to examine the effects of thiols and thiol-NQ adducts on H2S-NQ reactions. In the presence of glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys), 1,4-NQ oxidizes H2S to both inorganic and organic hydroper-/hydropolysulfides (R2Sn, R=H, Cys, GSH; n = 2-4) and organic sulfoxides (GSnOH, n = 1, 2). These reactions reduce NQs and consume oxygen via a semiquinone intermediate. NQs are also reduced as they form adducts with GSH, Cys, protein thiols, and amines. Thiol, but not amine, adducts may increase or decrease H2S oxidation in reactions that are both NQ- and thiol-specific. Amine adducts also inhibit the formation of thiol adducts. These results suggest that NQs may react with endogenous thiols, including GSH, Cys, and protein Cys, and that these adducts may affect both thiol reactions as well as RSS production from H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Kasey J Clear
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, IN 46615, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Zhilin Ma
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Cieplik
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Alyssa R Fiume
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Dominic J Gaziano
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Stephen M Kasko
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jennifer Luu
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ella Pfaff
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Anthony Travlos
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Cecilia Velander
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Katherine J Wilson
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, IN 46615, USA
| | - Karl D Straub
- Central Arkansas Veteran's Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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