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Kiruthika M, Raveena R, Yogeswaran R, Elangovan N, Arumugam N, Padmanaban R, Djearamane S, Wong LS, Kayarohanam S. Spectroscopic characterization, DFT, antimicrobial activity and molecular docking studies on 4,5-bis[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-1H,1'H-2,2'-biimidazole. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29566. [PMID: 38707390 PMCID: PMC11066587 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The newly synthesized imidazole derivative namely, 4,5-bis[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-1H,1'H-2,2'-biimidazole (KA1), was studied for its molecular geometry, docking studies, spectral analysis and density functional theory (DFT) studies. Experimental vibrational frequencies were compared with scaled ones. The reactivity sites were determined using average localized ionization analysis (ALIE), electron localized function (ELF), localized orbital locator (LOL), reduced density gradient (RDG), Fukui functions and frontier molecular orbital (FMO). Due to the solvent effect, a lower gas phase energy gap was observed. Through utilization of the noncovalent interaction (NCI) method, the hydrogen bond interaction, steric effect and Vander Walls interaction were investigated. Molecular docking simulations were employed to determine the specific atom inside the molecules that exhibits a preference for binding with protein. The parameters for the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) and global reactivity descriptors were also determined. The thermodynamic characteristics were determined through calculations employing the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ basis set. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using the five different microorganisms like Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kiruthika
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Musiri, 621211, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R. Raveena
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Musiri, 621211, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R. Yogeswaran
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Musiri, 621211, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - N. Elangovan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Musiri, Anjalam, 621208, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Padmanaban
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical, Chemical & Applied Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Sinouvassane Djearamane
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, 31900, Malaysia
- Biomedical Research Unit and Lab Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia
| | - Saminathan Kayarohanam
- Faculty of Bioeconomics and Health Sciences, University Geomatika Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 54200, Malaysia
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Elangovan N, Thirumavalavan M, Sankar Ganesan T, Sowrirajan S, Chandrasekar S, Arumugam N. Comparison study (experimental and theoretical), hydrogen bond interaction through water, donor acceptor investigation and molecular docking study of 3,3-((1,2-phenylenebis (azaneylylidene)) bis (methaneylylidene)) diphenol. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38656235 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2333465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The novel Schiff's base (CS6) was synthesized and confirmed by various studies. The B3LYP/cc-pVDZ basis set was used for theoretical study and the results indicated that both the theoretical and experimental studies correlated well. The interaction energy of CS6-water complex calculated by using the local energy decomposition analysis was found to be -7.28 kcal/mol. The TD-TFT method was used for the calculation of electronic absorption spectrum. This study confirmed that the observed wavelength and the simulated wavelength in the electronic spectra were almost similar. The electrophilic and nucleophilic attacking sites of the titled compound were identified by using FMO and MEP studies. The highest stabilization energy (30.19 kcal/mol) formed by LP (2) O24 to anti-bonding σ*(C18-C19) was confirmed by the NBO study. The localized and delocalized electrons were confirmed by ELF and LOL studies. The hydrogen bond interaction as well as the physical and chemical properties of CS6 indicated that it showed a moderate similarity to the drugs. The docking study confirmed that the dehydro-L-gulonate decarboxylase inhibitor (1Q6O) could interact with CS6 compound with the binding energy of -5.26 kcal/mol.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Elangovan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Musiri, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Munusamy Thirumavalavan
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Sankar Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Musiri-621211, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Sowrirajan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Musiri, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Chandrasekar
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Musiri-621211, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Elangovan N, Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Mathew S, Djearamane S, Wong LS, Kayarohanam S. Synthesis, solvent role, absorption and emission studies of cytosine derivative. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28623. [PMID: 38590870 PMCID: PMC11000011 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The (E)-4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-nitrobenzylidene) amino) pyrimidin-2(1H)-one (C5NV) was synthesized from cytosine and 5-nitrovanilline by simple straightforward condensation reaction. The structural characteristics of the compound was determined and optimized by WB97XD/cc-pVDZ basis set. The vibrational frequencies were computed and subsequently compared to the experimental frequencies. We investiated the electronic properties of the synthesized compound in gas and solvent phases using the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach, and compared them to experimental values. The fluorescence study showed three different wavelengths indicating the nature of the optical material properties. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analyses were conducted for the title compound, and electron localized functions (ELF) and localized orbital locators (LOL) were used to identify the orbital positions of localized and delocalized atoms. Non-covalent interactions (H-bond interactions) were investigated using reduced density gradients (RDGs). The objective of the study was to determine the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the C5NV. The molecular docking study was conducted between C5NV and 2XNF protein, its lowest binding energy score is -7.92 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Elangovan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Anjalam, 621208, Musiri, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I. Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanty Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College Research Center, Shanthinagar, 560027, Bangalore, India
| | - Sinouvassane Djearamane
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, 31900, Malaysia
- Biomedical Research Unit and Lab Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia
| | - Saminathan Kayarohanam
- Faculty of Bioeconomics and Health Sciences, University Geomatika Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 54200, Malaysia
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Sankar Ganesan T, Elangovan N, Thirumavalavan M, Seenan S, Sowrirajan S, Chandrasekar S, Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Mahalingam SM, V M DD, Kanchi S, Sivaramakrishnan V. Synthesis, topology, molecular docking and dynamics studies of o-phenylenediamine derivative. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38577881 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2317981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The N, N'-(1,2-phenylene) bis (1- (4- chlorophenyl) methanimine) (CS4) was synthesized and characterized by infrared (IR), absorption (UV-vis) and NMR (1H and 13C) spectral analyses. The structural parameters, vibrational frequencies, potential energy and the distribution analysis (PED) were calculated by using DFT with the basis set of B3LYP/cc-pVDZ and these spectral values were compared to the experimental values. HOMO and LUMO studied were performed in order to understand the stability and biological activity of the compound. The most reactive sites on the compound were investigated by utilizing MEP energy surface and Fukui function descriptor with the natural population analysis (NPA) of the charges. The study of the natural bond orbitals (NBO) reveals the delocalization of the intramolecular interaction of the charges in the compound. Additionally, topological investigations (ELF, LOL), determination of thermodynamic parameters and noncovalent interaction (NCI) study by using topology (RDG) analysis were also carried out. Finally, the molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations was carried out by examining against glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D inhibitor receptor for distinct protein targets (3MZG).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sankar Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - N Elangovan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Shanthi Seenan
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sowrirajan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Chandrasekar
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Datta Darshan V M
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Subbarao Kanchi
- Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Geetha Priya C, Venkatraman BR, Arockiaraj I, Sowrirajan S, Elangovan N, Islam MS, Mahalingam SM. Antimicrobial activity prediction, inter- and intramolecular charge transfer investigation, reactivity analysis and molecular docking studies of adenine derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37978905 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2281636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of the density functional theory (DFT) methodology has developed as a highly efficient method for investigating molecular structure and vibrational spectra, and it is increasingly being employed in various applications relating to biological systems. This study focuses on conducting investigations, both experimental and computed, to analyze the molecular structure, electronic properties and features of (E)-4-(((9H-purin-6-yl)imino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol (ANVA). The expression ANVA should be rewritten as follows: the compound is a derivative of adenine (primary amine), specifically a vanillin (aldehyde). The present study reports the synthesis, characterization, DFT, docking and antimicrobial activity of ANVA. The optimization of the molecular structure was conducted, and the determination of its structural features was performed using DFT with the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ method. The vibrational assignments were determined in detail by analyzing the potential energy distribution. A strong correlation was observed between the spectra that were observed and the spectra that were calculated. The calculation of intramolecular charge transfer was performed using natural bond orbital analysis. In addition, several computational methods were employed, including highest occupied molecular orbital-least unoccupied molecular orbital analysis, molecular electrostatic potential calculations, non-linear optical, reduced density gradient, localization orbital locator and electron localization function analysis. This paper examines the present use of adenine derivatives in combatting bacterial and fungal infections, as well as the inclusion of spectral and quantum chemical calculations in the discussion.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Geetha Priya
- Department of Chemistry, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B R Venkatraman
- Department of Chemistry, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - I Arockiaraj
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sowrirajan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Elangovan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhu H, Wang Y, Elangovan N, Cappello L, Sandini G, Masia L, Konczak J. A robot-aided visuomotor wrist training induces motor and proprioceptive learning that transfers to the untrained ipsilateral elbow. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:143. [PMID: 37875916 PMCID: PMC10594917 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Learning of a visuomotor task not only leads to changes in motor performance but also improves proprioceptive function of the trained joint/limb system. Such sensorimotor learning may show intra-joint transfer that is observable at a previously untrained degrees of freedom of the trained joint. OBJECTIVE Here, we examined if and to what extent such learning transfers to neighboring joints of the same limb and whether such transfer is observable in the motor as well as in the proprioceptive domain. Documenting such intra-limb transfer of sensorimotor learning holds promise for the neurorehabilitation of an impaired joint by training the neighboring joints. METHODS Using a robotic exoskeleton, 15 healthy young adults (18-35 years) underwent a visuomotor training that required them to make continuous, increasingly precise, small amplitude wrist movements. Wrist and elbow position sense just-noticeable-difference (JND) thresholds and spatial movement accuracy error (MAE) at wrist and elbow in an untrained pointing task were assessed before and immediately after, as well as 24 h after training. RESULTS First, all participants showed evidence of proprioceptive and motor learning in both trained and untrained joints. The mean JND threshold decreased significantly by 30% in trained wrist (M: 1.26° to 0.88°) and by 35% in untrained elbow (M: 1.96° to 1.28°). Second, mean MAE in untrained pointing task reduced by 20% in trained wrist and the untrained elbow. Third, after 24 h the gains in proprioceptive learning persisted at both joints, while transferred motor learning gains had decayed to such extent that they were no longer significant at the group level. CONCLUSION Our findings document that a one-time sensorimotor training induces rapid learning gains in proprioceptive acuity and untrained sensorimotor performance at the practiced joint. Importantly, these gains transfer almost fully to the neighboring, proximal joint/limb system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhu
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yizhao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Naveen Elangovan
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Leonardo Cappello
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Sandini
- Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Masia
- Institut für Technische Informatik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Huang Q, Zhong B, Elangovan N, Zhang M, Konczak J. A Robotic Device for Measuring Human Ankle Motion Sense. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2023; PP. [PMID: 37347627 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2023.3288550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Proprioceptive signals about ankle motion are essential for the control of balance and gait. However, objective, accurate methods for testing ankle motion sense in clinical settings are not established. This study presents a fast and accurate method to assess human ankle motion sense acuity. A one degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic device was used to passively rotate the ankle under controlled conditions and applied a psychophysical forced-choice paradigm. Twenty healthy participants were recruited for study participation. Within a trial, participants experienced one of three reference velocities (10°/s, 15°/s, and 20°/s), and a smaller comparison velocity. Subsequently, they verbally indicated which of the two movements was faster. As outcome measures, a just-noticeable-difference (JND) threshold and interval of uncertainty (IU) were derived from the psychometric stimulus-response difference function for each participant. Our data show that mean JND threshold increased almost linearly from 0.53°/s at the 10°/s reference to 1.6°/s at 20°/s (p < 0.0001). Perceptual uncertainty increased similarly (median IU = 0.33°/s at 10°/s and 0.97°/s at 20°/s; p < 0.0001). Both measures were strongly correlated (rs = 0.70). This implies that the bias of the human ankle motion sense is approximately 5 - 8% of the experienced movement velocity. We demonstrate that this robot-aided test produces quantitative data on human ankle motion sense acuity. It provides a useful addition to the current measures of ankle proprioceptive function.
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Geethapriya J, Rexalin Devaraj A, Gayathri K, Swadhi R, Elangovan N, S.Manivel, Sowrirajan S, Thomas R. Solid state synthesis of a fluorescent Schiff base (E)-1-(perfluorophenyl)-N-(o-toly)methanimine followed by computational, quantum mechanical and molecular docking studies. Results in Chemistry 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Kanagavalli A, Jayachitra R, Thilagavathi G, Elangovan N, Sowrirajan S, Thomas R. Synthesis, characterization, computational, excited state properties, wave function, and molecular docking studies of (E)-4-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)N-(thiazol-2-yl) benzenesulfonamide. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Jayachitra R, Thilagavathi G, Kanagavalli A, Elangovan N, Sowrirajan S, Thomas R. Photophysical properties of (E)-4-((1-phenylethylidene)amino)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) benzenesulfonamide; synthesis, characterization, wavefunction and docking studies. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Geethapriya J, Shanthidevi A, Arivazhagan M, Elangovan N, Sowrirajan S, Manivel S, Thomas R. Synthesis, characterization, computational, excited state properties, wave function and molecular docking studies of (E)-1-(perfluorophenyl)-N-(p-tolyl) methanimine. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kanagavalli A, Jayachitra R, Thilagavathi G, Padmavathy M, Elangovan N, Sowrirajan S, Thomas R. Synthesis, structural, spectral, computational, docking and biological activities of Schiff base (E)-4-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) benzenesulfonamide from 5-bromosalicylaldehyde and sulfadiazine. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Rajimon K, Elangovan N, Amir Khairbek A, Thomas R. Schiff bases from chlorine substituted anilines and salicylaldehyde: Synthesis, characterization, fluorescence, thermal features, biological studies and electronic structure investigations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kanagavalli A, Thilagavathi G, Jayachitra R, Elangovan N, Sowrirajan S, Shadakshara Murthy KR, Thomas R. Synthesis, Electronic Structure, UV–Vis, Wave Function, and Molecular Docking Studies of Schiff Base (Z)-N-(Thiazol-2-yl)-4-((Thiophene-2-ylmethylene)Amino)Benzenesulfonamide. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2150657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kanagavalli
- Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - G. Thilagavathi
- Department of Physics, Nehru Memorial College, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - R. Jayachitra
- Department of Physics, Urumu Dhanalakshmi College, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - N. Elangovan
- Department of Chemistry, St Berchmans College (Autonomous), Mahatma Gandhi University, Changanassery, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - S. Sowrirajan
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Renjith Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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Jayachitra R, Padmavathy M, Kanagavalli A, Thilagavathi G, Elangovan N, S.Sowrirajan, Thomas R. Synthesis, computational, experimental antimicrobial activities and theoretical molecular docking studies of (E)-4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-nitrobenzylidene) amino)-N-(thiazole-2-yl) benzenesulfonamide. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bhaskar C, Elangovan N, Sowrirajan S, Chandrasekar S, Ali OAA, Mahmoud SF, Thomas R. Synthesis, XRD, Hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT studies, cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of di(m-chlorobenzyl) (dichloro) (4, 7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) tin (IV) complex. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ali OAA, Elangovan N, Mahmoud SF, El-Gendey MS, Elbasheer HZE, El-Bahy SM, Thomas R. Synthesis, characterization, vibrational analysis and computational studies of a new Schiff base from pentafluoro benzaldehyde and sulfanilamide. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ganesan TS, Elangovan N, Vanmathi V, Sowrirajan S, Chandrasekar S, Murthy KS, Thomas R. Spectroscopic, Computational(DFT), Quantum mechanical studies and protein-ligand interaction of Schiff base 6,6-((1,2-phenylenebis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-methoxyphenol) from o-phenylenediamine and 3- methoxysalicylaldehyde. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Muthukumar R, Karnan M, Elangovan N, Karunanidhi M, Sankarapandian V, Thomas R. Synthesis, spectral, computational, wavefunction and molecular docking studies of 4-((thiophene-2-ylmethylene)amino)benzenesulfonamide from sulfanilamide and thiophene-2-carbalaldehyde. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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20
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Latha A, Elangovan N, Manoj K, Maheswari V, Balachandran V, Balasubramani K, Sowrirajan S, Chandrasekar S, Thomas R. Synthesis, single crystal (XRD), spectral characterization, computational (DFT), quantum chemical modelling and anticancer activity of di(p-bromobenzyl) (dibromo) (1, 10-phenanthroline) tin (IV) complex. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Yeh IL, Holst-Wolf J, Elangovan N, Cuppone AV, Lakshminarayan K, Cappello L, Masia L, Konczak J. Correction to: Effects of a robot-aided somatosensory training on proprioception and motor function in stroke survivors. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2022; 19:74. [PMID: 35850764 PMCID: PMC9295277 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-022-01057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I-Ling Yeh
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessica Holst-Wolf
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Naveen Elangovan
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Anna Vera Cuppone
- Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Kamakshi Lakshminarayan
- Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Leonardo Cappello
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Masia
- Institut für Technische Informatik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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Latha A, Elangovan N, Manoj K, Keerthi M, Balasubramani K, Sowrirajan S, Chandrasekar S, Thomas R. Synthesis, XRD, spectral, structural, quantum mechanical and anticancer studies of di(p-chlorobenzyl) (dibromo) (1, 10-phenanthroline) tin (IV) complex. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hong PC, Singh NP, Elangovan N, Yeon G. Responding to pandemic challenges: leadership lessons from multinational enterprises (MNEs) in India. JMD 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jmd-11-2021-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe business sector plays a major role in achieving comprehensive economic development goals in emerging economies. Consequently, the effects of business responses to the COVID-19 pandemic are receiving increasing research attention from an organizational management development perspective. This article aims to examine the role of leadership in charting the course in an extraordinary crisis context.Design/methodology/approachUsing institutional leadership theory, leadership contingency theory and dynamic leadership capability theory, the authors present a research framework that defines macrochallenges and organizational level responses and outcomes. The article adopts a case study approach, which includes the identification of four target companies and conducting in-depth interviews with senior management professionals within those companies at different time periods.FindingsBased on the interviews, the steps that Indian companies adopted to respond to the COVID-19 challenge are identified. Expanding the insight from the case study, the findings suggest that although feeling overwhelmed at first, organizational leaders combine prudent (i.e. timely and speedy actions for survival first) and bold (i.e. future envisioning for expansion and growth) actions enabling these firms to weather two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in India.Originality/valueThese multiple case studies are unique in exploring MNEs from different industries. This study also highlights the dynamic relationships between leadership practices, risk management strategies and performance outcomes based on a sound theoretical model and rigorous study methods.
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Muthukumar R, Karnan M, Elangovan N, Karunanidhi M, Thomas R. Synthesis, spectral analysis, antibacterial activity, quantum chemical studies and supporting molecular docking of Schiff base (E)-4-((4-bromobenzylidene) amino)benzenesulfonamide. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Geethapriya J, Shanthidevi A, Arivazhagan M, Elangovan N, Thomas R. Synthesis, structural, DFT, quantum chemical modeling and molecular docking studies of (E)-4-(((5-methylfuran-2-yl)methylene)amino) benzenesulfonamide from 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde and sulfanilamide. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Elangovan N, Thomas R, Sowrirajan S. Synthesis of Schiff base (E)-4-((2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzylidene)amino)-N-thiazole-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide with antimicrobial potential, structural features, experimental biological screening and quantum mechanical studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sowrirajan S, Elangovan N, Ajithkumar G, Manoj KP. (E)-4-((4-Bromobenzylidene) Amino)-N-(Pyrimidin-2-yl) Benzenesulfonamide from 4-Bromobenzaldehyde and Sulfadiazine, Synthesis, Spectral (FTIR, UV–Vis), Computational (DFT, HOMO–LUMO, MEP, NBO, NPA, ELF, LOL, RDG) and Molecular Docking Studies. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2006245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sowrirajan
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Elangovan
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Musiri, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Ajithkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Musiri, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. P. Manoj
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Musiri, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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28
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Draganova R, Konietschke F, Steiner KM, Elangovan N, Gümüs M, Göricke SM, Ernst TM, Deistung A, van Eimeren T, Konczak J, Timmann D. Motor training-related brain reorganization in patients with cerebellar degeneration. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:1611-1629. [PMID: 34894171 PMCID: PMC8886660 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar degeneration progressively impairs motor function. Recent research showed that cerebellar patients can improve motor performance with practice, but the optimal feedback type (visual, proprioceptive, verbal) for such learning and the underlying neuroplastic changes are unknown. Here, patients with cerebellar degeneration (N = 40) and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (N = 40) practiced single‐joint, goal‐directed forearm movements for 5 days. Cerebellar patients improved performance during visuomotor practice, but a training focusing on either proprioceptive feedback, or explicit verbal feedback and instruction did not show additional benefits. Voxel‐based morphometry revealed that after training gray matter volume (GMV) was increased prominently in the visual association cortices of controls, whereas cerebellar patients exhibited GMV increase predominantly in premotor cortex. The premotor cortex as a recipient of cerebellar efferents appears to be an important hub in compensatory remodeling following damage of the cerebro‐cerebellar motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossitza Draganova
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Konietschke
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina M Steiner
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Naveen Elangovan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Meltem Gümüs
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sophia M Göricke
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Ernst
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Deistung
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department for Radiation Medicine, University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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29
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Elangovan N, Thomas R, Sowrirajan S, Manoj KP, Irfan A. Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Electronic Structure and Biological Activity Screening of the Schiff Base 4-((4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxy-5-Nitrobenzylidene)Amino)-N-(Pyrimidin-2-yl)Benzene Sulfonamide from 5-Nitrovaniline and Sulphadiazene. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1991392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Elangovan
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Renjith Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, St Berchmans College (Autonomous), Changanassery, Kerala, India
| | - S. Sowrirajan
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. P. Manoj
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Elangovan N, Sowrirajan S, Manoj K, Kumar AM. Synthesis, structural investigation, computational study, antimicrobial activity and molecular docking studies of novel synthesized (E)-4-((pyridine-4-ylmethylene)amino)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide from pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde and sulfadiazine. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Elangovan N, Thomas R, Sowrirajan S, Irfan A. Synthesis, spectral and quantum mechanical studies and molecular docking studies of Schiff base (E)2-hydroxy-5-(((4-(N-pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)imino)methyl benzoic acid from 5-formyl salicylic acid and sulfadiazine. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Elangovan N, Sowrirajan S. Synthesis, single crystal (XRD), Hirshfeld surface analysis, computational study (DFT) and molecular docking studies of (E)-4-((2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzylidene)amino)-N-(pyrimidine)-2-yl) benzenesulfonamide. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07724. [PMID: 34458601 PMCID: PMC8379672 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Schiff base (E)-4-((2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzylidene)amino)-N-(pyrimidine)-2-yl) benzene sulfonamide (DIDA) compound was synthesis with condensation of 3,5-diiodosalicylaldehyde and sulfadiazine. The compound characterized with FTIR, X-ray crystallography and electronic spectra. The titled compound associated with experimental and theoretical method, DFT used for the theoretical method. The IR was calculated from DFT mode with B3LYP/GENSEP basic set. The electronic spectra computed from TD-DFT method with CAM-B3LYP functional, with IEFPCM solvation model and DMSO used as the solvent. Wave function based properties like localized orbital locator, electron localization function and non-covalent interactions have been studied extensively. The ADMET properties of the compound DIDA indicated that the compound has excellent drug likeness properties and PASS studies showed that it has anti-infective properties, which is confirmed by a docking score of -7.4 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Elangovan
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Musiri 621211, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Sowrirajan
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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33
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Draganova R, Pfaffenrot V, Steiner KM, Göricke SL, Elangovan N, Timmann D, Konczak J. Neurostructural changes and declining sensorimotor function due to cerebellar cortical degeneration. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:1735-1745. [PMID: 33760649 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00266.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration of the cerebellum progresses over years and primarily affects cerebellar cortex. It leads to a progressive loss of control and coordination of gait, posture, speech, fine motor, and oculomotor function. Yet, little is known how the cerebro-cerebellar network compensates for the loss in cerebellar cortical neurons. To address this knowledge gap, we examined 30 people with cerebellar cortical degeneration and a group of 30 healthy controls. We assessed visuomotor performance during a forearm-pointing task to 10°, 25°, and 50° targets. In addition, using MRI imaging, we determined neurodegenerative-induced changes in gray matter volume (GMV) in the cerebro-cerebellar network and correlated them to markers of motor performance. The main results are as follows: first, the relative joint position error (RJPE) during pointing was significantly greater in the ataxia group for all targets confirming the expected motor control deficit. Second, in the ataxia group, GMV was significantly reduced in cerebellar cortex but increased in the deep cerebellar nuclei. Motor error (RJPE) correlated negatively with decreased cerebellar GMV but positively with increased GMV in supplementary motor area (SMA) and premotor cortex. GMV of the deep cerebellar nuclei did not correlate significantly with markers of motor performance. We discuss whether the GMV changes in the cerebellar output nuclei and the extracerebellar efferent targets in secondary motor cortex can be understood as a central compensatory response to the neurodegeneration of the cerebellar cortex.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neurodegeneration of the cerebellum progresses over years and primarily affects cerebellar cortex. It leads to a progressive loss of control and coordination of movement. We here show that the neurodegenerative process not only leads to cells loss in cerebellar cortex but also induces neurostructural changes in the form of increased gray matter in the efferent targets of the cerebellar cortex, namely, the cerebellar output nuclei, the SMA, and premotor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossitza Draganova
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Medical Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Viktor Pfaffenrot
- Erwin L Hahn Institute of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina M Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Medical Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sophia L Göricke
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Naveen Elangovan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Center for Clinical Movement Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Medical Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Center for Clinical Movement Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Wang Y, Zhu H, Elangovan N, Cappello L, Sandini G, Masia L, Konczak J. A robot-aided visuomotor wrist training induces gains in proprioceptive and movement accuracy in the contralateral wrist. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5281. [PMID: 33674684 PMCID: PMC7935923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioceptive training is a neurorehabilitation approach known to improve proprioceptive acuity and motor performance of a joint/limb system. Here, we examined if such learning transfers to the contralateral joints. Using a robotic exoskeleton, 15 healthy, right-handed adults (18-35 years) trained a visuomotor task that required making increasingly small wrist movements challenging proprioceptive function. Wrist position sense just-noticeable-difference thresholds (JND) and spatial movement accuracy error (MAE) in a wrist-pointing task that was not trained were assessed before and immediately as well as 24 h after training. The main results are: first, training reduced JND thresholds (- 27%) and MAE (- 33%) in the trained right wrist. Sensory and motor gains were observable 24 h after training. Second, in the untrained left wrist, mean JND significantly decreased (- 32%) at posttest. However, at retention the effect was no longer significant. Third, motor error at the untrained wrist declined slowly. Gains were not significant at posttest, but MAE was significantly reduced (- 27%) at retention. This study provides first evidence that proprioceptive-focused visuomotor training can induce proprioceptive and motor gains not only in the trained joint but also in the contralateral, homologous joint. We discuss the possible neurophysiological mechanism behind such sensorimotor transfer and its implications for neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
- College of Exercise and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China.
| | - Huiying Zhu
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Naveen Elangovan
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Leonardo Cappello
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Sandini
- Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Masia
- Institut für Technische Informatik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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Elangovan N, Cheung C, Mahnan A, Wyman JF, Tuite P, Konczak J. Hatha yoga training improves standing balance but not gait in Parkinson's disease. Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020; 2:80-88. [PMID: 35784178 PMCID: PMC9219298 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Complementary therapies, such as yoga, have been proposed to address gait and balance problems in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the effects of yoga on gait and static balance have not been studied systematically in people with PD (PWP). Here we evaluated the effects of a 12-week long Hatha yoga intervention on biomechanical parameters of gait and posture in PWP. Methods We employed a pilot randomized controlled trial design with two groups of mild-to-moderate PWP (immediate treatment, waitlist control; N = 10 each; Mean Hoehn and Yahr score = 2 for each group). Baseline Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores, and gait and postural kinematics including postural sway path length, cadence, walking speed, and turning time were obtained. The immediate treatment group received a 60-min Hatha yoga training twice a week for 12 weeks, while the waitlisted control group received no training. After 12 weeks, gait and postural kinematics were assessed (post-test for treatment group and second-baseline for waitlist group). Then, the waitlist group received the same yoga training and was evaluated post-training. Results After Hatha yoga training, UPDRS motor scores improved with an 8-point mean decrease which is considered as a moderate clinically important change for mild-moderate PD. Sway path length during stance decreased significantly (mean reduction: -34.4%). No significant between-group differences or improvements in gait kinematics were observed. Conclusion This study showed that a 12-week Hatha yoga training can improve static balance in PWP. We found no evidence that it systematically improves gait performance in PWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Elangovan
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Clinical Movement Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Corresponding author. Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Corjena Cheung
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Health, Hong Kong Adventist College, Hong Kong, China
| | - Arash Mahnan
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jean F. Wyman
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul Tuite
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Clinical Movement Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Elangovan N, Yeh IL, Holst-Wolf J, Konczak J. A robot-assisted sensorimotor training program can improve proprioception and motor function in stroke survivors. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot 2020; 2019:660-664. [PMID: 31374706 DOI: 10.1109/icorr.2019.8779409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Proprioceptive deficits are common among stroke survivors and are associated with slower motor recovery, poorer upper limb motor function, and decreased self-care ability. Somatosensory feedback augmenting proprioception should enhance motor control after stroke, but available evidence is inconclusive. This study evaluated the effects of a robot-aided, somatosensory-focused training on proprioceptive acuity and motor performance in individuals with sub-acute and chronic stroke. Twelve stroke survivors completed two training sessions on two consecutive days. During training, participants used a haptic robotic wrist exoskeleton and made continuous, goal-directed wrist ab/adduction movements to a visual target while receiving vibro-tactile feedback. Proprioceptive acuity and active movement errors were assessed before, immediately after, and two days after intervention. Results showed significantly improved proprioceptive acuity at posttest and retention. Motor accuracy measures showed improvements, however these were not statistically significant. This study demonstrates the feasibility of robot-aided somatosensory rehabilitation training in stroke survivors.
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Elangovan N, Tuite PJ, Konczak J. Somatosensory Training Improves Proprioception and Untrained Motor Function in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1053. [PMID: 30619029 PMCID: PMC6295550 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Proprioceptive impairment is a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Proprioceptive function is only partially restored with anti-parkinsonian medication or deep brain stimulation. Behavioral exercises focusing on somatosensation have been promoted to overcome this therapeutic gap. However, conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of such somatosensory-focused behavioral training for improving somatosensory function is lacking. Moreover, it is unclear, if such training has any effect on motor performance in PD. Objective: To investigate, whether proprioception improves with a somatosensory focused, robot-aided training in people with PD (PWPs), and whether enhanced proprioception translates to improved motor performance. Method: Thirteen PWPs of mild-moderate clinical severity were assessed and trained ON medication using a robotic wrist exoskeleton. Thirteen healthy elderly participants served as controls. Training involved making increasingly accurate, continuous, precise small amplitude wrist flexion/extension movements. Wrist position sense acuity, as a marker of proprioception function, and spatial error during wrist pointing, as a marker of untrained motor performance, were recorded twice before and once after training. Functional hand writing kinematics exhibited during training were evaluated in the PD group for determining training-induced changes. Results: Training improved position sense acuity in all PWPs (mean change: 28%; p < 0.001) and healthy controls (mean change: 23%; p < 0.01). Second, 10/13 PD participants and 10/13 healthy control participants had reduced spatial movement error in the untrained wrist pointing task after training. Third, spatial error for the functional handwriting tasks (line tracing and tracking) did not improve with training in the PD group. Conclusion: Proprioceptive function in mild to moderate PD is trainable and improves with a somatosensory-focused motor training. Learning showed a local transfer within the trained joint degree-of-freedom as improved spatial accuracy in an unpracticed motor task. No learning gains were observed for the untrained functional handwriting task, indicating that training may be specific to the trained joint degree-of-freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Elangovan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Paul J Tuite
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Mazurek KA, Berger M, Bollu T, Chowdhury RH, Elangovan N, Kuling IA, Sohn MH. Highlights from the 28th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Neural Control of Movement. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:1671-1679. [PMID: 30020841 PMCID: PMC6230782 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00475.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Mazurek
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York
| | - Michael Berger
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center-Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen , Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Tejapratap Bollu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Raeed H Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Naveen Elangovan
- Human Sensorimotor Control Lab, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Irene A Kuling
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - M Hongchul Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
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Aman JE, Valberg SJ, Elangovan N, Nicholson A, Lewis SS, Konczak J. Abnormal locomotor muscle recruitment activity is present in horses with shivering and Purkinje cell distal axonopathy. Equine Vet J 2018; 50:636-643. [PMID: 29356055 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebellar Purkinje cell axonal degeneration has been identified in horses with shivering but its relationship with abnormal hindlimb movement has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVES To characterise surface electromyographic (sEMG) hindlimb muscle activity in horses with shivering, correlate with clinical scores and examine horses for Purkinje axonal degeneration. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive controlled clinical study. METHODS The hindlimb of seven shivering and six control draught horses were clinically scored. Biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis (VL), tensor fasciae latae and extensor digitorum longus were recorded via sEMG during forward/backward walking and trotting. Integrated (iEMG) and peak EMG activity were compared between groups and correlated with clinical locomotor exam scores. Sections of the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) of six of the seven shivering horses were examined with calbindin immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In control horses, backward walking resembled forward walking (right hindlimb peak EMG: backward: 47.5 ± 21.9%, forward: 36.9 ± 15.7%) but displayed significantly higher amplitudes during trotting (76.1 ± 3.4%). However, in shivering horses, backward walking was significantly different from forward (backward: 88.5 ± 21.5%, forward: 49.2 ± 8.9%), and resembled activity during trotting (81.4 ± 4.8%). Specific to backward walking, mean sEMG amplitude fell outside two standard deviations of mean control sEMG for ≥25% of the stride in the BF for all seven and the VL for six of the seven shivering horses. Locomotor exam scores were correlated with peak EMG (r = 0.87) and iEMG (r = 0.87). Calbindin-positive spheroids were present in Purkinje axons in DCN of all shivering horses examined. MAIN LIMITATIONS The neuropathological examination focused specifically on the DCN and, therefore, we cannot fully exclude additional lesions that may have influenced abnormal sEMG findings in shivering horses. CONCLUSION Shivering is characterised by abnormally elevated muscle recruitment particularly in BF and VL muscles during backward walking and associated with selective Purkinje cell distal axonal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Aman
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - S J Valberg
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - N Elangovan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - A Nicholson
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - S S Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - J Konczak
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Elangovan N, Cappello L, Masia L, Aman J, Konczak J. A robot-aided visuo-motor training that improves proprioception and spatial accuracy of untrained movement. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17054. [PMID: 29213051 PMCID: PMC5719025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioceptive function can become enhanced during motor learning. Yet, we have incomplete knowledge to what extent proprioceptive function is trainable and how a training that enhances proprioception may influence performance in untrained motor skills. To address this knowledge gap, healthy young adults (N = 14) trained in a visuomotor task that required learners to make increasingly accurate wrist movements. Using a robotic exoskeleton coupled with a virtual visual environment, participants tilted a virtual table through continuous wrist flexion/extension movements with the goal to position a rolling ball on table into a target. With learning progress, the level of difficulty increased by altering the virtual ball mechanics and the gain between joint movement and ball velocity. Before and after training, wrist position sense acuity and spatial movement accuracy in an untrained, discrete wrist-pointing task was assessed using the same robot. All participants showed evidence of proprioceptive-motor learning. Mean position sense discrimination threshold improved by 34%. Wrist movement accuracy in the untrained pointing task improved by 27% in 13/14 participants. This demonstrates that a short sensorimotor training challenging proprioception can a) effectively enhance proprioceptive acuity and b) improve the accuracy of untrained movement. These findings provide a scientific basis for applying such somatosensory-based motor training to clinical populations with known proprioceptive dysfunction to enhance sensorimotor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Elangovan
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Center for Clinical Movement Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Leonardo Cappello
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Masia
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua Aman
- Center for Clinical Movement Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Neuromodulation Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Clinical Movement Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Ganesan S, Babu IG, Mahendran D, Arulselvi PI, Elangovan N, Geetha N, Venkatachalam P. Green engineering of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robines. medicinal plant aqueous leaf extracts for enhanced photocatalytic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.21276/ap.2016.5.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
An industrial cluster, due to its close network of institutions, will experience various pressures that force the industry to have a homogeneous structure, norms, and practices. These pressures can also lead to adoption of innovative technologies. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is perceived as a sophisticated technology and diffuses across the cluster by its innovative characteristics. However, firms in the industrial cluster will have different rate of adoption of technologies due to the varying level of knowledge spillover and a heterogeneous absorptive capacity. This study empirically tests how absorptive capacity mediates the institutional forces and the perceived innovation characteristics towards the ERP adoption in an industrial cluster. Mediation effect and the model validity are tested using SEM technique. The results show that absorptive capacity complements the forces of institutional pressure and the perceived innovation characteristics on ERP adoption. The implications of managing the absorptive capacity for better ERP adoption are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Elangovan
- Department of Management, Christ University, Benguluru, India
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Krewer C, Van de Winckel A, Elangovan N, Aman JE, Konczak J. Commentary on: "Assessing proprioception: A critical review of methods" by Han et al. J Sport Health Sci 2016; 5:91-92. [PMID: 30356516 PMCID: PMC6188602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Krewer
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Schön Klinik Bad Aibling, Bad Aibling 83043, Germany
| | - Ann Van de Winckel
- Program in Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Naveen Elangovan
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joshua E. Aman
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Dhaiveegan P, Elangovan N, Nishimura T, Rajendran N. Corrosion behavior of 316L and 304 stainless steels exposed to industrial-marine-urban environment: field study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04015b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation extensively compares the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical stability of 316L and 304 stainless steels (SS) exposed to an Industrial-Marine-Urban (IMU) environment for 3 years from April 2012–March 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Dhaiveegan
- Department of Chemistry
- Anna University
- Chennai-600025
- India
| | - N. Elangovan
- Department of Chemistry
- A. M. Jain College
- Chennai-600114
- India
| | - T. Nishimura
- Material Recycling Design Group
- Research Center for Strategic Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - N. Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry
- Anna University
- Chennai-600025
- India
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Cappello L, Elangovan N, Contu S, Khosravani S, Konczak J, Masia L. Robot-aided assessment of wrist proprioception. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:198. [PMID: 25926785 PMCID: PMC4396514 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impaired proprioception severely affects the control of gross and fine motor function. However, clinical assessment of proprioceptive deficits and its impact on motor function has been difficult to elucidate. Recent advances in haptic robotic interfaces designed for sensorimotor rehabilitation enabled the use of such devices for the assessment of proprioceptive function. PURPOSE This study evaluated the feasibility of a wrist robot system to determine proprioceptive discrimination thresholds for two different DoFs of the wrist. Specifically, we sought to accomplish three aims: first, to establish data validity; second, to show that the system is sensitive to detect small differences in acuity; third, to establish test-retest reliability over repeated testing. METHODOLOGY Eleven healthy adult subjects experienced two passive wrist movements and had to verbally indicate which movement had the larger amplitude. Based on a subject's response data, a psychometric function was fitted and the wrist acuity threshold was established at the 75% correct response level. A subset of five subjects repeated the experimentation three times (T1, T2, and T3) to determine the test-retest reliability. RESULTS Mean threshold for wrist flexion was 2.15°± 0.43° and 1.52°± 0.36° for abduction. Encoder resolutions were 0.0075°(flexion-extension) and 0.0032°(abduction-adduction). Motor resolutions were 0.2°(flexion-extension) and 0.3°(abduction-adduction). Reliability coefficients were r T2-T1 = 0.986 and r T3-T2 = 0.971. CONCLUSION We currently lack established norm data on the proprioceptive acuity of the wrist to establish direct validity. However, the magnitude of our reported thresholds is physiological, plausible, and well in line with available threshold data obtained at the elbow joint. Moreover, system has high resolution and is sensitive enough to detect small differences in acuity. Finally, the system produces reliable data over repeated testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cappello
- Department of Robotics Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genova , Italy
| | - Naveen Elangovan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Sara Contu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Sanaz Khosravani
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Lorenzo Masia
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
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Aman JE, Elangovan N, Yeh IL, Konczak J. The effectiveness of proprioceptive training for improving motor function: a systematic review. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 8:1075. [PMID: 25674059 PMCID: PMC4309156 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous reports advocate that training of the proprioceptive sense is a viable behavioral therapy for improving impaired motor function. However, there is little agreement of what constitutes proprioceptive training and how effective it is. We therefore conducted a comprehensive, systematic review of the available literature in order to provide clarity to the notion of training the proprioceptive system. METHODS Four major scientific databases were searched. The following criteria were subsequently applied: (1) A quantified pre- and post-treatment measure of proprioceptive function. (2) An intervention or training program believed to influence or enhance proprioceptive function. (3) Contained at least one form of treatment or outcome measure that is indicative of somatosensory function. From a total of 1284 articles, 51 studies fulfilled all criteria and were selected for further review. RESULTS Overall, proprioceptive training resulted in an average improvement of 52% across all outcome measures. Applying muscle vibration above 30 Hz for longer durations (i.e., min vs. s) induced outcome improvements of up to 60%. Joint position and target reaching training consistently enhanced joint position sense (up to 109%) showing an average improvement of 48%. Cortical stroke was the most studied disease entity but no clear evidence indicated that proprioceptive training is differentially beneficial across the reported diseases. CONCLUSIONS There is converging evidence that proprioceptive training can yield meaningful improvements in somatosensory and sensorimotor function. However, there is a clear need for further work. Those forms of training utilizing both passive and active movements with and without visual feedback tended to be most beneficial. There is also initial evidence suggesting that proprioceptive training induces cortical reorganization, reinforcing the notion that proprioceptive training is a viable method for improving sensorimotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Aman
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Center for Clinical Movement Science, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Naveen Elangovan
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - I-Ling Yeh
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Center for Clinical Movement Science, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Dhaiveegan P, Elangovan N, Nishimura T, Rajendran N. Electrochemical Characterization of Carbon and Weathering Steels Corrosion Products to Determine the Protective Ability Using Carbon Paste Electrode (CPE). ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Senthilkumaran S, Elangovan N, Menezes RG, Thirumalaikolundusubramanian P. Soy milk toxicity: cause for concern. J Postgrad Med 2013; 59:249-50. [PMID: 24029217 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.118067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Senthilkumaran
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Sri Gokulam Hospitals and Research Institute, Salem, India
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Rajendran R, Elangovan N. Response of Small Enterprises to the Pressures of ERP Adoption. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 2012. [DOI: 10.4018/jeis.2012010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Decision to adopt ERP by small enterprises is influenced by external forces due to their dependence on the supply chain. However, certain factors mediate the external forces and alter their influences. This article intends to highlight that the response of small enterprises to the institutional isomorphic pressures in adoption decision of ERP depends on the perception of cost-benefit and the complexity of the organization. A conceptual model was developed and empirically tested by a survey among SMEs of the knitwear garment cluster that has a well developed institutional structure. The mediation effect is tested in SEM software and its significance is verified by bootstrapping. The results show that perceived benefit, challenges and organizational complexity confound the external forces. The study reveals how the small enterprises respond to the external pressures so that stakeholders involved in promotion of ERP can plan a right strategy for encouraging ERP adoption among SMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N. Elangovan
- RVS Institute of Management Studies and Research, India
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Abstract
We investigated prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) secretion during acute and late abstinence following methylphenidate (MP) administration. Ten male patients who were undergoing acute cocaine abstinence and nine control subjects were randomly assigned into one of two possible sequences of MP and placebo, with each experimental condition occurring on two successive days. This procedure was repeated after 7 days for the patients. Baseline measures were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc tests. Measures of MP challenge were analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with baseline as the covariate. Acute abstinence was compared with control values and then to late abstinence. Plasma levels of PRL, GH, and MP were measured along with a measure of clinical symptoms. Patients had higher basal PRL concentrations during acute abstinence compared with controls, and patients showed no difference when compared to themselves after 7 days (late abstinence). Provocation with MP yielded exaggerated PRL and GH responses in patients during acute abstinence compared with control values, and ANCOVA also revealed a significant increase in PRL response during late abstinence compared with acute abstinence. GH was a less sensitive indicator than PRL. Craving was exacerbated by MP during both acute and late abstinence and was possibly increased at late abstinence. This indicates that the perturbation in dopamine regulation persists and may be increased as clinical recovery occurs for most subjective symptoms. Blood pressure changes were variable and interpretation was uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Elangovan
- Department of Psychiatry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07107-3000, USA
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