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Qiu S, Himes L, Domier C, Tang X, Liu X, Hu F, Yu G, Li X, Zhu Y, Luhmann N, Xie J, Wu Z. Design of a 140 GHz waveguide notch filter for millimeter-wave receiver module protection in fusion plasma diagnostics. Rev Sci Instrum 2024; 95:023503. [PMID: 38350476 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
A carefully designed waveguide-based millimeter-wave notch filter, operating at 140 GHz, safeguards plasma diagnostic instruments from gyrotron leakage. Utilizing cylindrical cavity resonators with aperture coupling, the filter efficiently resonates 140 GHz wave-power into the TE11p mode, optimizing various geometrical parameters for practical fabrication and high-yield production. Thorough thermal analysis ensures its ability to handle power. The filter achieves outstanding performance with over 90 dB rejection at 140 GHz while providing low insertion loss over the passband (110-138 GHz), which is ideally suited for system-on-chip approach F-band diagnostic system applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Qiu
- University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Logan Himes
- University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Calvin Domier
- University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Xiaopin Tang
- University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Xianzi Liu
- University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Fengqi Hu
- University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Guanying Yu
- University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Yilun Zhu
- University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Neville Luhmann
- University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jinlin Xie
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Bartmann MG, Sistani M, Luhmann N, Schmid S, Bertagnolli E, Lugstein A, Smoliner J. Germanium nanowire microbolometer. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:245201. [PMID: 35245911 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5aec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared detection is widely used for nondestructive and non-contact inspections in various areas, including thermography, environmental and chemical analysis as well as food and medical diagnoses. Common room temperature bolometer-type infrared sensors are based on architectures in theμm range, limiting miniaturization for future highly integrated 'More than Moore' concepts. In this work, we present a first principle study on a highly scalable and CMOS compatible bolometer-type detector utilizing Ge nanowires as the thermal sensitive element. For this approach, we implemented the Ge nanowires on top of a low thermal conducting and highly absorptive membrane as a near infrared (IR) sensor element. We adopted a freestanding membrane coated with an impedance matched platinum absorber demonstrating wavelength independent absorptivity of 50% in the near to mid IR regime. The electrical characteristics of the device were measured depending on temperature and biasing conditions. A strong dependence of the resistance on the temperature was shown with a maximum temperature coefficient of resistance of -0.07 K-1atT = 100 K. Heat transport simulations using COMSOL were used to optimize the responsivity and temporal response, which are in good agreement with the experimental results. Further, lock-in measurements were used to benchmark the bolometer device at room temperature with respect to detectivity and noise equivalent power. Finally, we demonstrated that by operating the bolometer with a network of parallel nanowires, both detectivity and noise equivalent power can be effectively improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Bartmann
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Sistani
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Luhmann
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Schmid
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Bertagnolli
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Lugstein
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Smoliner
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna, Austria
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Bottero J, Reques L, Rolland C, Lallemand A, Lahmidi N, Hamers F, Bergeron C, Haguenoer K, Launoy G, Luhmann N. Apport de l’Auto-Prélèvement Vaginal (APV) détectant les Papillomavirus (HPV) pour promouvoir le dépistage du Cancer du Col de l’Utérus (CCU) de femmes en situation de précarité en France. Med Mal Infect 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Reques L, Aranda-Fernandez E, Rolland C, Grippon A, Fallet N, Reboul C, Godard N, Luhmann N. Episodes of violence suffered by migrants transiting through Libya: a cross-sectional study in "Médecins du Monde's" reception and healthcare centre in Seine-Saint-Denis, France. Confl Health 2020; 14:12. [PMID: 32140175 PMCID: PMC7048045 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-020-0256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Central Mediterranean Route, passing through Libya, is one of the most dangerous for migrants. Episodes of violence have been documented but have not been accurately quantified. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of episodes of violence suffered in Libya by migrants consulting the Médecins du Monde reception and healthcare centre in Seine-Saint-Denis (Ile-de-France). Methodology A monocentric cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2019 including migrants over the age of 18 years who had passed through Libya and arrived in Europe from 2017. The presence of emotional distress was considered as exclusion criterion. The proportion, frequency and factors associated to physical, deprivation and sexual violence in Libya were estimated through a bespoke questionnaire, as well as healthcare access in Libya and psychosocial support needs. Results Ninety eight people were recruited and 72 were interviewed (17 refused to participate and 9 were excluded). 76.4% were men, with a mean age of 31.9 years, 76.4% had low educational level, 66.7% came from Ivory Coast and 59.7% had left their country for security reasons. The median length of stay in Libya was 180 days. The overall proportion of participants having suffered from violence was 96.4% among men and 88.2% among women. The prevalence of physical, deprivation and sexual violence for men and women were 94.2, 81.7 and 18% and 80.0, 86.7 and 53.3%, respectively. Access to healthcare in Libya was 2.8 and 63.9% of participants were oriented to psychosocial support after the interview. Conclusions The vast majority of migrants reported having been victims of violence during their transit through Libya. Women were at particular risk of sexual violence. Access to health care in Libya was almost non-existent. Psychosocial support for this population is urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reques
- Médecins du Monde, 62 rue Marcadet, 75018 Paris, France
| | | | - C Rolland
- Médecins du Monde, 62 rue Marcadet, 75018 Paris, France
| | - A Grippon
- Médecins du Monde, 62 rue Marcadet, 75018 Paris, France
| | - N Fallet
- Médecins du Monde, 62 rue Marcadet, 75018 Paris, France
| | - C Reboul
- Médecins du Monde, 62 rue Marcadet, 75018 Paris, France
| | - N Godard
- Médecins du Monde, 62 rue Marcadet, 75018 Paris, France
| | - N Luhmann
- Médecins du Monde, 62 rue Marcadet, 75018 Paris, France
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Reques L, Rolland C, Aranda E, Grippon A, Fallet N, Bensimon C, Godard N, Reboul C, Gutton C, Luhmann N. Episodes of violence suffered by migrants transiting Libya, Italy and France. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Central Mediterranean is one of the most dangerous migration routes from Africa. Violence perpetrated to migrants in Libya and host countries has been documented but not rigorously quantified. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of violence suffered in Libya, Italy and France by migrants consulting Médecins du Monde programs.
Methods
Monocentric cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria: migrants over 18 years old, transiting through Libya, arrived in Europe from 2017 and consulting in Saint Denis Health Center. Exclusion criteria: psycotraumatic manifestations. A sample size of 72 individuals was calculated. An ad-hoc questionnaire was created through Kobo Collect. Proportion and frequency of physical, privation and sexual violence, as well as health care and shelter access were measured in each country.
Results
95 individuals were recruited and 72 were interviewed (16 refused 7 were excluded) from February to April 2019. 76.3% were men, mean age was 31.6 years, 76.4% had low educational level, 66.7% were from Ivory Coast and 58.3% left their country for security reasons. In Libya, length of stay was 180 days, global proportion of individuals suffering from violence (GPISV) was 98.1% for men and 88.2% for women. Prevalence of physical, privation and sexual violence was 94.1%, 84.3% and 17.6% for men, and 85.7%, 93.3% and 60.0% for women. Health care access in Libya was inexistent. In Italy, GPISV was 31.8% for men and 28.5% for women. Health care access was 41.4%. In France, GPISV was 20.0% for men and 12.5% for women and shelter access was 44.3%. 60.3% of the participants reported need of psychological support.
Conclusions
The vast majority of migrants testify suffering from direct violence during migration, specially dramatic in Libya. Women have a particular risk of sexual violence. In Europe, the main problems are the lack of health care access in Italy and precarious living conditions in France. Mental health support is urgent.
Key messages
The vast majority of migrants testify suffering from direct violence during migration, specially dramatic in Libya. In Europe, the main problems are related to lack of health care access in Italy and the precarious living conditions in France. Mental health support is urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reques
- Research and Learning Unit, Médecins du Monde, Paris, France
| | - C Rolland
- Research and Learning Unit, Médecins du Monde, Paris, France
| | - E Aranda
- Research and Learning Unit, Médecins du Monde, Paris, France
| | - A Grippon
- Centre d’Accueil Soins et Orientation de Saint-Denis, Médecins du Monde, Paris, France
| | - N Fallet
- Centre d’Accueil Soins et Orientation de Saint-Denis, Médecins du Monde, Paris, France
| | - C Bensimon
- Centre d’Accueil Soins et Orientation de Saint-Denis, Médecins du Monde, Paris, France
| | - N Godard
- Operations France, Médecins du Monde, Paris, France
| | - C Reboul
- Health and Advocacy Direction, Médecins du Monde, Paris, France
| | - C Gutton
- Operations France, Médecins du Monde, Paris, France
| | - N Luhmann
- Research and Learning Unit, Médecins du Monde, Paris, France
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Lazarus JV, Pericàs JM, Picchio C, Cernosa J, Hoekstra M, Luhmann N, Maticic M, Read P, Robinson EM, Dillon JF. We know DAAs work, so now what? Simplifying models of care to enhance the hepatitis C cascade. J Intern Med 2019; 286:503-525. [PMID: 31472002 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Globally, some 71 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Marginalized populations, particularly people who inject drugs (PWID), have low testing, linkage to care and treatment rates for HCV. Several models of care (MoCs) and service delivery interventions have the potential to improve outcomes across the HCV cascade of care, but much of the relevant research was carried out when interferon-based treatment was the standard of care. Often it was not practical to scale-up these earlier models and interventions because the clinical care needs of patients taking interferon-based regimens imposed too much of a financial and human resource burden on health systems. Despite the adoption of highly effective, all-oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies in recent years, approaches to HCV testing and treatment have evolved slowly and often remain rooted in earlier paradigms. The effectiveness of DAAs allows for simpler approaches and has encouraged countries where the drugs are widely available to set their sights on the ambitious World Health Organization (WHO) HCV elimination targets. Since a large proportion of chronically HCV-infected people are not currently accessing treatment, there is an urgent need to identify and implement existing simplified MoCs that speak to specific populations' needs. This article aims to: (i) review the evidence on MoCs for HCV; and (ii) distil the findings into recommendations for how stakeholders can simplify the path taken by chronically HCV-infected individuals from testing to cure and subsequent care and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Pericàs
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Territorial Direction, Translational Research Group on Infectious Diseases of Lleida (TRIDLE), Biomedical Research Institute Dr Pifarré Foundation, Lleida, Spain
| | - C Picchio
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Cernosa
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Hoekstra
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Luhmann
- Médecins du Monde France, Paris, France
| | - M Maticic
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Read
- Kirketon Road Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - E M Robinson
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J F Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Wolfe D, Luhmann N, Harris M, Momenghalibaf A, Albers E, Byrne J, Swan T. Human rights and access to hepatitis C treatment for people who inject drugs. Int J Drug Policy 2015; 26:1072-80. [PMID: 26232055 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People who inject drugs (PWID) achieve adherence to and outcomes from hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment comparable to other patients. Nonetheless, this population has been excluded from treatment by regulation or practice. Approval of safer and more effective oral HCV medicines should offer greater treatment options for PWID, although high medicine prices have led to continued treatment rationing and exclusion in developed countries. In middle-income countries (MICS), treatment is largely unavailable and unaffordable for most PWID. METHODS Human rights analysis, with its emphasis on the universal and interconnected nature of the economic, social and political spheres, offers a useful framework for HCV treatment reform. Using peer-reviewed and grey literature, as well as community case reports, we discuss barriers to treatment, correlate these barriers to rights violations, and highlight examples of community advocacy to increase treatment for PWID. RESULTS Structural drivers of lack of treatment access for PWID include stigma in health settings; drug use status as a criterion for treatment exclusion; requirements for fees or registration by name as a drug user prior to treatment initiation; and incarceration/detention in prisons and rehabilitation centers where treatment is unavailable. High medicine prices force further exclusion of PWID, with cost containment masked as concern about treatment adherence. These barriers correlate to multiple rights violations, including of the rights to privacy; non-discrimination; health; freedom of information; fair trial; and freedom from cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. CONCLUSIONS Needed reforms include decriminalization of drug use, possession of drugs and drug injecting equipment; removal of exclusionary or discriminatory treatment protocols; approaches to strengthen links between health providers and increase participation of PWID in treatment design and implementation; and measures to increase transparency in government/pharmaceutical company negotiations and reduce treatment price.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wolfe
- Open Society Foundations, 224 West 57th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA.
| | - N Luhmann
- Médecins Du Monde, 62 Rue Marcadet, Paris 75018, France
| | - M Harris
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - A Momenghalibaf
- Open Society Foundations, 224 West 57th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - E Albers
- International Network of People who Use Drugs, Unit 2C05, South Bank Technopark 90 London Road, London SE1 6LN, United Kingdom
| | - J Byrne
- Australian Injecting and Illicit Drug Users League, GPO Box 1552, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - T Swan
- Treatment Action Group, 261 5th Avenue #2110, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Baldwin DE, Weitzner H, Dean SO, Hazeltine RD, Luhmann N, Prager S, Ripin B, Rosenbluth M, Siemon R, Wootton A. Report of panel 4: Priorities in the intermediate confinement experiments. J Fusion Energ 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01059521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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