1
|
Disney CM, Vo NT, Bodey AJ, Bay BK, Lee PD. Image quality and scan time optimisation for in situ phase contrast x-ray tomography of the intervertebral disc. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105579. [PMID: 36463809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In-line phase contrast synchrotron tomography combined with in situ mechanical loading enables the characterisation of soft tissue micromechanics via digital volume correlation (DVC) within whole organs. Optimising scan time is important for reducing radiation dose from multiple scans and to limit sample movement during acquisition. Also, although contrasted edges provided by in-line phase contrast tomography of soft tissues are useful for DVC, the effect of phase contrast imaging on its accuracy has yet to be investigated. Due to limited time at synchrotron facilities, scan parameters are often decided during imaging and their effect on DVC accuracy is not fully understood. Here, we used previously published data of intervertebral disc phase contrast tomography to evaluate the influence of i) fibrous image texture, ii) number of projections, iii) tomographic reconstruction method, and iv) phase contrast propagation distance on DVC results. A greater understanding of how image texture influences optimal DVC tracking was obtained by visualising objective function mapping, enabling tracking inaccuracies to be identified. When reducing the number of projections, DVC was minimally affected by image high frequency noise but with a compromise in accuracy. Iterative reconstruction methods improved image signal-to-noise and consequently significantly lowered DVC displacement uncertainty. Propagation distance was shown to affect DVC accuracy. Consistent DVC results were achieved within a propagation distance range which provided contrast to the smallest scale features, where; too short a distance provided insufficient features to track, whereas too long led to edge effect inconsistencies, particularly at greater deformations. Although limited to a single sample type and image setup, this study provides general guidelines for future investigations when optimising image quality and scan times for in situ phase contrast x-ray tomography of fibrous connective tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Disney
- Mechanical Engineering, University College London, UK; Diamond Light Source, UK.
| | - N T Vo
- Diamond Light Source, UK; National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA
| | | | - B K Bay
- School of Mechanical, Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, USA
| | - P D Lee
- Mechanical Engineering, University College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Clefting of the secondary palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies, and the multiple corrective surgeries that individuals with isolated cleft palate undergo are associated with major costs and morbidities. Secondary palate development is a complex, multistep process that includes the elevation of the palatal shelves from a vertical to horizontal position, a process that is not well understood. The Hippo signaling cascade is a mechanosensory pathway that regulates morphogenesis, homeostasis, and regeneration by controlling cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, primarily via negative regulation of the downstream effectors, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). We deleted Yap/Taz throughout the palatal shelf mesenchyme as well as specifically in the posterior palatal shelf mesenchyme, using the Osr2Cre and Col2Cre drivers, respectively, which resulted in palatal shelf elevation delay and clefting of the secondary palate. In addition, the deletion resulted in undersized bones of the secondary palate. We next determined downstream targets of YAP/TAZ in the posterior palatal shelves, which included Ibsp and Phex, genes involved in mineralization, and Loxl4, which encodes a lysyl oxidase that catalyzes collagen crosslinking. Ibsp, Phex, and Loxl4 were expressed at decreased levels in the ossification region in the posterior palatal shelf mesenchyme upon deletion of Yap/Taz. Furthermore, collagen levels were decreased specifically in the same region prior to elevation. Thus, our data suggest that YAP/TAZ may regulate collagen crosslinking in the palatal shelf mesenchyme, thus controlling palatal shelf elevation, as well as mineralization of the bones of the secondary palate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F Goodwin
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C P Chen
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N T Vo
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J O Bush
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - O D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vo NT, Bond AM, Martin LL. Systematic and non-systematic substituent effects gleaned from studies on CuTCNQFn (n = 0, 1, 2, 4): Electrocrystallisation and characterisation of CuTCNQF. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
4
|
Vo NT, Bond AM, Martin LL. Electrochemically Directed Synthesis of Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) TCNQF21–/2– Coordination Polymers: Solubility and Substituent Effects in the TCNQFn (n=0, 1, 2, 4) Series of Complexes. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The reversible diffusion controlled cyclic voltammetry for the reduction of TCNQFn0/1–/2– (where n=0, 1, 2, 4) changes significantly on addition of Co2+ and Ni2+ transition metal ions (M2+) because the kinetics associated with electrocrystallisation of the resulting coordination polymers [M(TCNQF2)2(H2O)2] and [M(TCNQF2)] are rapid on the voltammetric time scale. The voltammetry of solutions containing M2+ and TCNQF2 was undertaken in acetonitrile (0.1M Bu4NPF6) at both GC and ITO electrodes. New one electron reduced TCNQF2 materials prepared via electrochemically directed synthesis were shown to have the formula [M(TCNQF2)2(H2O)2], assessed by vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The solubility of [Ni(TCNQF2)2(H2O)2] (Ksp=8.29×10−11 M3) was significantly higher than the [Co(TCNQF2)2(H2O)2] (Ksp=1.43×10−11M3). Cyclic voltammetric data suggest the electrocrystallisation of two phases of [Ni(TCNQF2)2(H2O)2] occurs, which is not evident for [Co(TCNQF2)2(H2O)2]. Electrocrystallisation of the highly insoluble [M(TCNQF2)] was achieved at low M2+ and TCNQF2 concentrations. A comparison with published data on the voltammetry of TCNQFn (n=0, 1, 2 and 4) for the series of TCNQFn (n=0, 1, 2 and 4) containing M2+ is provided. An assessment of the electronic impact of the fluorine substituent of the underlying redox reactions also is established. Predictions are made for the voltammetric behaviour expected for the other transition metal cations with reduced TCNQFn derivatives.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tran MD, Lu J, Mai BV, Vo NT, Le HT, Bond AM, Martin LL. Electrochemical and Chemical Synthesis of [ZnTCNQF
4
(DMF)
2
]
·
2DMF – A 2D Network Coordination Polymer. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manh D. Tran
- School of Chemistry Monash University 3800 Clayton, V IC Australia
- Department of Chemistry The University of Danang University of Science and Education Danang Vietnam
| | - Jinzhen Lu
- School of Chemistry Monash University 3800 Clayton, V IC Australia
| | - Bay V. Mai
- Department of Chemistry The University of Danang University of Science and Education Danang Vietnam
| | - Nguyen T. Vo
- School of Chemistry Monash University 3800 Clayton, V IC Australia
- Department of Chemistry The University of Danang University of Science and Education Danang Vietnam
| | - Hai T. Le
- Department of Chemistry The University of Danang University of Science and Education Danang Vietnam
| | - Alan M. Bond
- School of Chemistry Monash University 3800 Clayton, V IC Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vo NT, Martin LL, Bond AM. A Systematic (Spectro‐) Electrochemical Approach to the Synthesis and Characterisation of Co(II) and Ni(II) Compounds Containing Reduced Forms of TCNQF. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T. Vo
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
- Current Address: Department of Chemistry The University of Danang, University of Science and Education 459 Ton Duc Thang Danang Vietnam
| | | | - Alan M. Bond
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vo NT, Martin LL, Bond AM. Electrochemistry of TCNQF2 in acetonitrile in the presence of [Cu(CH3CN)4]+: Electrocrystallisation and characterisation of CuTCNQF2. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Polacci M, Arzilli F, La Spina G, Le Gall N, Cai B, Hartley ME, Di Genova D, Vo NT, Nonni S, Atwood RC, Llewellin EW, Lee PD, Burton MR. Crystallisation in basaltic magmas revealed via in situ 4D synchrotron X-ray microtomography. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8377. [PMID: 29849174 PMCID: PMC5976632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magma crystallisation is a fundamental process driving eruptions and controlling the style of volcanic activity. Crystal nucleation delay, heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation and crystal growth are all time-dependent processes, however, there is a paucity of real-time experimental data on crystal nucleation and growth kinetics, particularly at the beginning of crystallisation when conditions are far from equilibrium. Here, we reveal the first in situ 3D time-dependent observations of crystal nucleation and growth kinetics in a natural magma, reproducing the crystallisation occurring in real-time during a lava flow, by combining a bespoke high-temperature environmental cell with fast synchrotron X-ray microtomography. We find that both crystal nucleation and growth occur in pulses, with the first crystallisation wave producing a relatively low volume fraction of crystals and hence negligible influence on magma viscosity. This result explains why some lava flows cover kilometres in a few hours from eruption inception, highlighting the hazard posed by fast-moving lava flows. We use our observations to quantify disequilibrium crystallisation in basaltic magmas using an empirical model. Our results demonstrate the potential of in situ 3D time-dependent experiments and have fundamental implications for the rheological evolution of basaltic lava flows, aiding flow modelling, eruption forecasting and hazard management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Polacci
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - F Arzilli
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - G La Spina
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - N Le Gall
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, OX 11 0FA, Didcot, UK
| | - B Cai
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, OX 11 0FA, Didcot, UK.,Now at School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - M E Hartley
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - D Di Genova
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - N T Vo
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - S Nonni
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, OX 11 0FA, Didcot, UK
| | - R C Atwood
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - E W Llewellin
- Department Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - P D Lee
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, OX 11 0FA, Didcot, UK.,UCL Mechanical Engineering, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - M R Burton
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Price SWT, Ignatyev K, Geraki K, Basham M, Filik J, Vo NT, Witte PT, Beale AM, Mosselmans JFW. Chemical imaging of single catalyst particles with scanning μ-XANES-CT and μ-XRF-CT. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:521-9. [PMID: 25407850 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04488f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical state of a catalyst is a key factor in determining both activity and selectivity; however these materials are often not structurally or compositionally homogeneous. Here we report on the 3-dimensional imaging of an industrial catalyst, Mo-promoted colloidal Pt supported on carbon. The distribution of both the active Pt species and Mo promoter have been mapped over a single particle of catalyst using microfocus X-ray fluorescence computed tomography. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure revealed a mixed local coordination environment, including the presence of both metallic Pt clusters and Pt chloride species, but also no direct interaction between the catalyst and Mo promoter. We also report on the benefits of scanning μ-XANES computed tomography for chemical imaging, allowing for 2- and 3-dimensional mapping of the local electronic and geometric environment, in this instance for both the Pt catalyst and Mo promoter throughout the catalyst particle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S W T Price
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Le TH, Nafady A, Vo NT, Elliott RW, Hudson TA, Robson R, Abrahams BF, Martin LL, Bond AM. Electrochemically Directed Synthesis of Cu2I(TCNQF4II–)(MeCN)2 (TCNQF4 = 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane): Voltammetry, Simulations, Bulk Electrolysis, Spectroscopy, Photoactivity, and X-ray Crystal Structure of the Cu2I(TCNQF4II–)(EtCN)2 Analogue. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:3230-42. [PMID: 24568268 DOI: 10.1021/ic500225v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh H. Le
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ayman Nafady
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nguyen T. Vo
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Robert W. Elliott
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hudson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Robson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan F. Abrahams
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisandra L. Martin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Alan M. Bond
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin that elicits the production of several cytokines, induces cardiovascular changes characterized by increased perfusion of immune organs and compensatory sympathetic vasoconstriction in other tissues. We therefore hypothesized that to adapt to altered blood flow distribution following LPS administration, changes in the sensitivity of reflexes that control blood pressure would occur. Our data show that the sensitivity of the baroreceptor reflex increases significantly two and three hours after the intravenous administration of a subpyrogenic dose of the endotoxin. This change in sensitivity that could occur at peripheral or central levels may underlie necessary adjustments of cardiovascular mechanisms during the course of certain immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Rogausch
- Institute of Physiology, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Olivier M, Aggarwal A, Allen J, Almendras AA, Bajorek ES, Beasley EM, Brady SD, Bushard JM, Bustos VI, Chu A, Chung TR, De Witte A, Denys ME, Dominguez R, Fang NY, Foster BD, Freudenberg RW, Hadley D, Hamilton LR, Jeffrey TJ, Kelly L, Lazzeroni L, Levy MR, Lewis SC, Liu X, Lopez FJ, Louie B, Marquis JP, Martinez RA, Matsuura MK, Misherghi NS, Norton JA, Olshen A, Perkins SM, Perou AJ, Piercy C, Piercy M, Qin F, Reif T, Sheppard K, Shokoohi V, Smick GA, Sun WL, Stewart EA, Fernando J, Tran NM, Trejo T, Vo NT, Yan SC, Zierten DL, Zhao S, Sachidanandam R, Trask BJ, Myers RM, Cox DR. A high-resolution radiation hybrid map of the human genome draft sequence. Science 2001; 291:1298-302. [PMID: 11181994 DOI: 10.1126/science.1057437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We have constructed a physical map of the human genome by using a panel of 90 whole-genome radiation hybrids (the TNG panel) in conjunction with 40,322 sequence-tagged sites (STSs) derived from random genomic sequences as well as expressed sequences. Of 36,678 STSs on the TNG radiation hybrid map, only 3604 (9.8%) were absent from the unassembled draft sequence of the human genome. Of 20,030 STSs ordered on the TNG map as well as the assembled human genome draft sequence and the Celera assembled human genome sequence, 36% of the STSs had a discrepant order between the working draft sequence and the Celera sequence. The TNG map order was identical to one of the two sequence orders in 60% of these discrepant cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Olivier
- Stanford Human Genome Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 975 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|