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Thijssen EGJ, van Gestel NAP, Bevers R, Hofmann S, Geurts J, van Loo IHM, Arts JJ. Assessment of Growth Reduction of Five Clinical Pathogens by Injectable S53P4 Bioactive Glass Material Formulations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:634. [PMID: 32676498 PMCID: PMC7333246 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The one-stage treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with S53P4 bioactive glass (BAG) granules has shown excellent results. However, these granules possess suboptimal handling properties. Therefore, new injectable S53P4 putty materials have been developed by the incorporation of a synthetic binder to contain glass granules. The goal of the current study was to assess their potential to eradicate five clinically relevant pathogens: methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). As a control, S53P4 granules (500–800 μm) and S66 glass (< 45 μm) were used. To evaluate the antimicrobial properties, the materials were cultured with the pathogens in a Müller-Hinton II broth for a week with daily colony forming unit (CFU) counting. One of the tested putty formulations was observed to reduce the number of CFU/mL compared to a negative control (no material, only pathogen in broth) for E. coli, E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa. However, none of the tested putty formulations was able to completely eradicate the pathogens in the broths, which would be needed for safe infection treatment. The results obtained for the control materials were unexpected. S66 glass showed full eradication of P. aeruginosa and reduced the number of CFUs of other pathogens, while the S53P4 granules did not show eradication. The observations on the loose S53P4 granules in this study contradict available literature, which needs further investigation. The results obtained in this study also stretch the importance for a better understanding of the underlying antimicrobial mechanism of S53P4 BAG and how this is related to the dosage. In addition, it should be elucidated how these antimicrobial properties are affected by changes in the material formulation, for example by addition of binders to improve the handling properties or by changing the surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline G J Thijssen
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nicole A P van Gestel
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Raymond Bevers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Jan Geurts
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Inge H M van Loo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - J J Arts
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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van Gestel NAP, Schuiringa GH, Hennissen JHPH, Delsing ACA, Ito K, van Rietbergen B, Arts JJ, Hofmann S. Resorption of the calcium phosphate layer on S53P4 bioactive glass by osteoclasts. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2019; 30:94. [PMID: 31414232 PMCID: PMC6694093 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, S53P4 bioactive glass (BAG) has shown very promising results in bone infection treatment, but it is also known to degrade very slowly in vivo. To evaluate which mechanisms (cellular or dissolution) can play a role in the degradation of S53P4 BAG and S53P4 BAG putty, in vitro degradation experiments at different pH (7.4 and 4.6) were performed. Micro computed tomography showed a rapid dissolution of the synthetic binder in the putty formulation, within 12 h is simulated body fluid (pH = 7.4), leaving behind only loose granules. Therefore the degradation of the loose granules was investigated further. Significant weight loss was observed and ion chromatography showed that Ca2+, Na+ and PO43- ions were released from S54P4 BAG granules in the two fluids. It was observed that the weight loss and ion release were increased when the pH of the fluid was decreased to 4.6. Osteoclasts are known to create such a low pH when resorbing bone and therefore their capacity to degrade S53P4 surfaces were studied as well. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed that osteoclasts were able to create resorption pits in the calcium phosphate layer on S53P4 BAG surfaces. The silica of the BAG, located underneath the calcium phosphate, seemed to hinder further osteclastic resorption of the material. To our knowledge we were the first to observe actively resorbing osteoclasts on S53P4 bioactive glass surfaces, in vitro. Future research is needed to define the specific role osteoclasts play in the degradation of BAG in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A P van Gestel
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerke H Schuiringa
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Juul H P H Hennissen
- Faculty Bèta Sciences and Technology, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 550, 6400 AN, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke C A Delsing
- Department of the Built Environment, Building Physics and Services, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus J Arts
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Lodoso-Torrecilla I, van Gestel NAP, Diaz-Gomez L, Grosfeld EC, Laperre K, Wolke JGC, Smith BT, Arts JJ, Mikos AG, Jansen JA, Hofmann S, van den Beucken JJJP. Multimodal pore formation in calcium phosphate cements. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:500-509. [PMID: 28940662 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are commonly used as bone substitute materials. However, their slow degradation rate and lack of macroporosity hinders new bone formation. Poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) incorporation is of great interest as, upon degradation, produces acidic by-products that enhance CPC degradation. Yet, new bone formation is delayed until PLGA degradation occurs a few weeks after implantation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to accelerate the early stage pore formation within CPCs in vitro. With that purpose, we incorporated the water-soluble porogen sucrose at different weight percentages (10 or 20 wt %) to CPC and CPC/PLGA composites. The results revealed that incorporation of sucrose porogens increased mass loss within the first week of in vitro degradation in groups containing sucrose compared to control groups. After week 1, a further mass loss was observed related to PLGA and CPC degradation. Macroporosity analysis confirmed that macroporosity formation is influenced by the dissolution of sucrose at an early stage and by the degradation of PLGA and CPC at a later stage. We concluded that the combination of sucrose and PLGA porogens in CPC is a promising approach to promote early stage bone tissue ingrowth and complete replacement of CPC through multimodal pore formation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 500-509, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole A P van Gestel
- Orthopedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Diaz-Gomez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | | | | | - Joop G C Wolke
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brandon T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Jacobus J Arts
- Orthopedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Orthopedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ), Zürich, Switzerland
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