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Melamud K, Wahab SA, Smereka PN, Dighe MK, Glanc P, Kamath A, Maheshwari E, Scoutt LM, Hindman NM. Imaging of Antepartum and Postpartum Hemorrhage. Radiographics 2024; 44:e230164. [PMID: 38547034 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Severe obstetric hemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Major hemorrhage in the antepartum period presents potential risks for both the mother and the fetus. Similarly, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) accounts for up to a quarter of maternal deaths worldwide. Potential causes of severe antepartum hemorrhage that radiologists should be familiar with include placental abruption, placenta previa, placenta accreta spectrum disorders, and vasa previa. Common causes of PPH that the authors discuss include uterine atony, puerperal genital hematomas, uterine rupture and dehiscence, retained products of conception, and vascular anomalies. Bleeding complications unique to or most frequently encountered after cesarean delivery are also enumerated, including entities such as bladder flap hematomas, rectus sheath and subfascial hemorrhage, and infectious complications of endometritis and uterine dehiscence. ©RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material. See the invited commentary by Javitt and Madrazo in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Melamud
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (K.M., P.N.S., N.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Mason, Ohio (S.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (M.K.D.); Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.G.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.K.); University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburgh, Pa (E.M.); Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (L.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 1st Ave, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (N.M.H.)
| | - Shaun A Wahab
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (K.M., P.N.S., N.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Mason, Ohio (S.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (M.K.D.); Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.G.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.K.); University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburgh, Pa (E.M.); Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (L.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 1st Ave, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (N.M.H.)
| | - Paul N Smereka
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (K.M., P.N.S., N.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Mason, Ohio (S.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (M.K.D.); Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.G.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.K.); University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburgh, Pa (E.M.); Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (L.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 1st Ave, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (N.M.H.)
| | - Manjiri K Dighe
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (K.M., P.N.S., N.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Mason, Ohio (S.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (M.K.D.); Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.G.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.K.); University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburgh, Pa (E.M.); Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (L.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 1st Ave, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (N.M.H.)
| | - Phyllis Glanc
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (K.M., P.N.S., N.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Mason, Ohio (S.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (M.K.D.); Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.G.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.K.); University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburgh, Pa (E.M.); Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (L.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 1st Ave, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (N.M.H.)
| | - Amita Kamath
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (K.M., P.N.S., N.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Mason, Ohio (S.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (M.K.D.); Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.G.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.K.); University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburgh, Pa (E.M.); Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (L.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 1st Ave, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (N.M.H.)
| | - Ekta Maheshwari
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (K.M., P.N.S., N.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Mason, Ohio (S.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (M.K.D.); Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.G.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.K.); University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburgh, Pa (E.M.); Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (L.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 1st Ave, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (N.M.H.)
| | - Leslie M Scoutt
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (K.M., P.N.S., N.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Mason, Ohio (S.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (M.K.D.); Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.G.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.K.); University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburgh, Pa (E.M.); Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (L.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 1st Ave, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (N.M.H.)
| | - Nicole M Hindman
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (K.M., P.N.S., N.M.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Mason, Ohio (S.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (M.K.D.); Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.G.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.K.); University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburgh, Pa (E.M.); Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (L.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 1st Ave, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (N.M.H.)
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Silverman SG, Pedrosa I, Ellis JH, Hindman NM, Schieda N, Smith AD, Remer EM, Shinagare AB, Curci NE, Raman SS, Wells SA, Kaffenberger SD, Wang ZJ, Chandarana H, Davenport MS. Bosniak Classification of Cystic Renal Masses, Version 2019: An Update Proposal and Needs Assessment. Radiology 2019; 292:475-488. [PMID: 31210616 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is almost certainly overdiagnosed and overtreated. Efforts to diagnose and treat RCC at a curable stage result in many benign neoplasms and indolent cancers being resected without clear benefit. This is especially true for cystic masses, which compared with solid masses are more likely to be benign and, when malignant, less aggressive. For more than 30 years, the Bosniak classification has been used to stratify the risk of malignancy in cystic renal masses. Although it is widely used and still effective, the classification does not formally incorporate masses identified at MRI or US or masses that are incompletely characterized but are highly likely to be benign, and it is affected by interreader variability and variable reported malignancy rates. The Bosniak classification system cannot fully differentiate aggressive from indolent cancers and results in many benign masses being resected. This proposed update to the Bosniak classification addresses some of these shortcomings. The primary modifications incorporate MRI, establish definitions for previously vague imaging terms, and enable a greater proportion of masses to enter lower-risk classes. Although the update will require validation, it aims to expand the number of cystic masses to which the Bosniak classification can be applied while improving its precision and accuracy for the likelihood of cancer in each class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Silverman
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - Ivan Pedrosa
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - James H Ellis
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - Nicole M Hindman
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - Nicola Schieda
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - Andrew D Smith
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - Erick M Remer
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - Atul B Shinagare
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - Nicole E Curci
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - Steven S Raman
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - Shane A Wells
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - Samuel D Kaffenberger
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - Zhen J Wang
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - Hersh Chandarana
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
| | - Matthew S Davenport
- From the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S., A.B.S.); Disease-Focused Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma, Society of Abdominal Radiology, Houston, Tex (S.G.S., I.P., N.M.H., N.S., A.D.S., E.M.R., A.B.S., N.E.C., S.S.R., S.A.W., S.D.K., Z.J.W., H.C., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, B2-A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (J.H.E., N.E.C., S.D.K., M.S.D.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.M.H., H.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (N.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (A.D.S.); Imaging Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.M.R.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Calif (S.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis (S.A.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (Z.J.W.)
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