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Galper EF, Gottfredson O'Shea N, Ritchie C, Kresovich A, Ma H, Sutfin EL, Sheeran P, Noar SM. Identifying promising themes and messages for youth vaping prevention: A national study. Soc Sci Med 2024; 348:116864. [PMID: 38608483 PMCID: PMC11056295 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Use of e-cigarettes and vapes among adolescents continues to be a major public health concern. Health communication efforts can discourage e-cigarette use among adolescents by influencing beliefs and behavior. However, to do so, studies need to identify the most promising themes and messages based on the latest evidence about the harms of e-cigarettes and vaping. Participants were a nationally representative sample of 1,603 US adolescents aged 13-17 years, recruited in the summer of 2022. Adolescents were randomly assigned to view 7 vaping prevention statements (one from each theme: nicotine addiction, chemical harms, health symptoms, mental health, organ effects, cosmetic effects, and monetary cost) and 1 control statement (vape litter theme) from a pool of 46 statements that were developed through a systematic process. Participants rated each statement on perceived message effectiveness (PME), awareness, and believability. Results of linear mixed models indicated that all vaping prevention themes out-performed control messages on PME, with chemical harms and organ effects having the largest effects, followed by nicotine addiction and then other themes. For most message themes, PME effects were stronger for youth susceptible to vaping compared to non-susceptible youth and users. Both awareness and believability predicted higher levels of PME. In secondary analyses, we found that statements specifying the target ("you") and longer statements were also rated higher on PME. Results suggests that the most potent vaping prevention messages for adolescents are those that focus on vape chemicals and the potential of vaping to damage organs and increase disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Galper
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | - Caroline Ritchie
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alex Kresovich
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Haijing Ma
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erin L Sutfin
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Paschal Sheeran
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Seth M Noar
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Kelly NK, Bhushan NL, Gottfredson O'Shea N, Gómez-Olivé FX, Aiello AE, Wagner LD, Mall S, Kahn K, Pettifor AE, Stoner MC. Trajectories of intimate partner violence and their relationship to stress among young women in South Africa: An HPTN 068 study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024:207640241239535. [PMID: 38563376 DOI: 10.1177/00207640241239535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One in four South African women will experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime, potentially increasing their biological stress. In South Africa, limited IPV and stress research has utilized multiple timepoints or examined modifying factors. Cash transfers (CTs) are associated with reduced IPV and stress and may be an intervention target. AIMS We used data-driven methods to identify longitudinal IPV trajectory groups among South African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), estimate each group's association with stress, and assess modification by a CT. METHODS A total of 2,183 South African AGYW ages 13 to 24 years from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 study were randomized to a CT or control group. Physical IPV was measured five times (2011-2017), and stress was captured once (2018-2019). Stress measures included the Cohen Stress Scale and stress biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1)). Group-based trajectory modeling identified IPV trajectories; ordinal logistic regression estimated the association between trajectory group and stress. RESULTS A two-group quadratic trajectory model was identified (higher trajectory group = 26.7% of AGYW; lower trajectory group = 73.3%). In both groups, the probability of IPV increased from ages 13 to 17 years before declining in early adulthood. However, the higher group's probability peaked later and declined gradually. The higher trajectory group was associated with an increased odds of elevated CRP (OR: 1.41, 95% CI [1.11, 1.80]), but not with other stress measures. The CT modified the relationship with CMV: a positive association was observed among the usual care arm (OR: 1.59, 95% CI [1.11, 2.28]) but not the CT arm (OR: 0.85, 95% CI [0.61, 1.19]). CONCLUSIONS Sustained IPV risk during adolescence was associated with elevated CRP in young adulthood. The relationship between IPV and elevated CMV was attenuated among those receiving a CT, suggesting that CTs could possibly reduce biological stress due to IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Nivedita L Bhushan
- Center for Communication and Engagement Research, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nisha Gottfredson O'Shea
- Substance Use Prevention, Evaluation, and Research Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - F Xavier Gómez-Olivé
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sumaya Mall
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Audrey E Pettifor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marie Cd Stoner
- Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Davis KC, Fortino BR, O'Shea NG. Potential consequences of the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision. Psychol Addict Behav 2024; 38:161-166. [PMID: 38451697 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In June 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court released a landmark decision in which they held that the right to abortion is not protected by the U.S. Constitution, ending almost 50 years of federally legal abortion in the United States. Because prior research demonstrates linkages between reproductive health and substance use at multiple socioecological levels, in this special section, we present studies that take a broad scope to understanding how addictive behaviors and reproduction-related behaviors, options, and access to care interrelate across a variety of contexts. METHOD In this introduction, the guest editors detail the impetus for this special section, provide a brief overview of the present studies, discuss policy and intervention implications, and suggest future research directions. RESULTS The five studies presented in this special section span a wide range of populations, methods, and substance use and reproduction-related issues, including reasons for past abortions among women with opioid use disorder, alcohol effects on men's condom use resistance, considerations regarding alcohol-involved rape on implementation of "rape exceptions" to abortion bans, the role of early exposure to substance use and sexual abuse on reproductive health outcomes, and the effects of exposure to abortion-related media coverage on alcohol use intentions following the Supreme Court decision. CONCLUSIONS The studies in this special section highlight the ways in which substance use and reproductive health are inextricably intertwined. Recent and future changes in reproductive health legislation and policy underscore the critical need for continued empirical inquiry into these intersecting public health concerns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cue Davis
- Arizona State University, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation
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Kong WY, Queen TL, Gottfredson O'Shea N, Heisler-MacKinnon J, Liu A, Ozawa S, Brewer NT, Gilkey MB. Impact of visit characteristics on intention to recommend HPV vaccine: An experiment with US health care professionals. Prev Med 2024; 179:107841. [PMID: 38160884 PMCID: PMC10872220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Presumptive recommendations that assume parents want to vaccinate can increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake. We sought to examine how visit characteristics affect health care professionals' (HCPs) intention to use this evidence-based recommendation style. METHODS In 2022, we conducted an online experiment with 2527 HCPs who had a role in adolescent vaccination in the United States. Participants read 1 of 8 randomly assigned vignettes about a well-child visit. Using a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design, the vignettes varied the following visit characteristics: patient age (9 vs. 12-year-old), prior parental vaccine refusal (yes vs. no), and time pressure on the HCP (low vs. high). HCPs reported on their intention to use a presumptive HPV vaccine recommendation, as well as on related attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy. Analyses used 3-way analysis of variance and parallel mediation. RESULTS Participants were pediatricians (26%), family/general medicine physicians (22%), advanced practitioners (24%), and nursing staff (28%). Overall, about two-thirds of HCPs (64%) intended to use a presumptive recommendation. Intentions were higher for older children (b = 0.23) and parents without prior vaccine refusal (b = 0.39, both p < 0.001). Time pressure had no main effect or interactions. HCPs' attitudes and self-efficacy partially mediated effects of patient age and prior vaccine refusal (range of b = 0.04-0.28, all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION To better support visits with younger children and parents who have refused vaccines, HCPs may need more training for making presumptive recommendations for HPV vaccine. Reinforcing positive attitudes and self-efficacy can help HCPs adopt this evidence-based recommendation style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yi Kong
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
| | - Tara L Queen
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nisha Gottfredson O'Shea
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Heisler-MacKinnon
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amy Liu
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sachiko Ozawa
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America; Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Noel T Brewer
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Melissa B Gilkey
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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