[Dietary supplements - a temporary trend or an effective help in the fight against obesity and increasing physical performance]

Dietary supplements are products that are intended to supplement deficiencies in diets deficient in vitamins, micro- and macro-ingredients and biologically active substances. More and more preparations appear on the market as a result of the lack of regulations regarding the requirements that must be met by the product before being released on the market. People are increasingly reaching for this type of product, believing in the manufacturers' assurances about their effectiveness in the fight against excessive kilograms or about increasing efficiency during training. However, supplements do not have to undergo any clinical trials and therefore it is not entirely safe to use the same preparations for all people, because an excess of some substances can be even harmful and cause various side effects. The literature review covered the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Mainly articles appeared after 2013. There are many clinical studies that directly indicate the toxic effects of some substances that are found in commonly available dietary supplements on the market. Due to ignorance, very often these preparations are confused with drugs because the labels show similar ingredients. In the case of people struggling with the problem of excess weight, the best way to get rid of obesity is exercise, a healthy diet. The diet of athletes should be adjusted to cover the needs of all micro and macro ingredients.

CONCLUSIONS

Due to the growing problem of the abuse of dietary supplements, without finding a deficiency in a given person, we should pay special attention to the preparations consumed by patients, bought without a prescription. This can lead to serious disturbances in the proper functioning of the body.

Traumatic dental injuries - practical management guide

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) with a prevalence of 25% among school children and 33% among adults are a public health problem and can have a negative influence on the quality of life. The treatment prognosis of some teeth injuries is heavily dependent on the actions taken at the place of injury. The objective was to summarize evidence-based knowledge on the topic of TDIs and present a practical management guide for first aid in an accessible way. The authors searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The review included only papers published in 2013 or later. Tooth injuries are proven to cause physical, social as well as economic consequences. The most frequent type of injury in primary dentition is avulsion, whereas crown fractures are most common in permanent dentition. TDIs occur most often at home and in school. Certain risk factors for TDIs were identified which include, among others, male gender, younger age, obesity. The general community knowledge of correct first aid in case of dental trauma is limited. Guidelines published by the International Association of Dental Traumatology include practical recommendations for first aid after avulsion. Permanent teeth should be replanted immediately at the accident site, whereas primary teeth should not be replanted when avulsed. Broken teeth fragments ought always to be collected if possible. After dental trauma it is vital that the patients seek professional help. Measures preventing TDIs (e.g., mouthguards) should be encouraged. It is of great importance that parents, teachers, guardians or bystanders witnessing a TDI are equipped to assist after a dental trauma or give advice on first aid when needed. Raising public awareness on the topic of dental injuries is a strongly advised general objective.

Familial hypercholesterolemia - treatment update in children, systematic review

Familial hypercholesterolaemia is one of the most common genetic diseases, and its first symptoms occur in childhood. Proper diagnosis and treatment prevent young patients from severe consequences in their future. The treatment of this dyslipidaemia is still evolving, and new promising agents are being discovered. In this review we summarize the old and new treatment methods of familial hypercholesterolaemia, giving an update estimated on the latest publications.