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Nakamura R, Nouchi R, Yagi A, Yamaya N, Ota M, Ishigooka M, Kawashima R. Neural representation of a one-week delay in remembering information after production and self-generated elaboration encoding strategy. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104051. [PMID: 37832494 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have confirmed the memory enhancement effect of production, generation and elaboration which can be effective after only one encoding. It is also known that greater memory enhancement effects can be obtained by combining multiple memory strategies during encoding. This study aimed to investigate whether the combination of production and self-generated elaboration enhances memory performance compared with production or generation alone. A total of 23 undergraduate and graduate students participated in this study. In the functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis, we explored the neural representation of remembering information after production and self-generated elaboration strategy. We set four encoding strategy conditions: (1) Read Silent (read without production), (2) Read Aloud (only production), (3) Add Silent (self-generated elaboration without production), (4) Add Aloud (production and self-generated elaboration). The retrieval performance and brain activity while retrieving the learned sentences after a one-week delay were examined. The behavioral results showed that the highest memory performance was for sentences encoded in Add Aloud. The interaction between production and self-generated elaboration was statistically significant. These results suggest that the memory enhancement effect of combining production and self-generated elaboration is not a simple addition nor synergistic facilitation effect. The imaging results showed that the following areas were related to the retrieval of the target encoded in the add aloud condition: the area related to integration of internal and external information (precuneus), area related to information rich stimuli (lateral occipital lobe), area related to self-involvement and inference of others' feelings (MPFC), area related to seen imagery (retrosplenial region) and area related to adjustment of movement (cerebellum). These results suggest that with an encoding strategy that combines production and self-generated elaboration, integrated auditory input of vocalizations and generated images, visual images of the scene, self-relevance, inference of other's feeling, movement by moving mouth are stored with the target and enhanced memory performance of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI), 2-8-38 Hikari-cho, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8540, Japan.
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Seiryocho, Aobaku, 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Human Environments, 9-12, Dougohimata, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime 790-0825, Japan.
| | - Ayano Yagi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Seiryocho, Aobaku, 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University, 1-1-1, Ozuka-higashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-3195, Japan.
| | - Noriki Yamaya
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Masaya Ota
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Minami Ishigooka
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Seiryocho, Aobaku, 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Tsujimoto M, Matsuzaki Y, Yamaya N, Kawashima R. Brain activation and functional connectivity of reappraisal and acceptance for anxious events. eNeuro 2023:ENEURO.0033-23.2023. [PMID: 37221088 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0033-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant health consequences of anxiety, the neural basis of regulation for personal anxious events is not well understood. We compared brain activity and functional connectivity during cognitive emotion regulation strategies (reappraisal and acceptance) for personal anxious events. Functional MRI data were obtained while 35 college students were thinking about (the control condition), reappraising, or accepting their own anxiety-provoking situations. Although reappraisal and acceptance decreased anxiety, no statistically significant differences were observed in the brain activation levels between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the control condition. However, acceptance decreased activation in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus more than reappraisal. Moreover, functional connectivity with the amygdala and ventral anterior insula distinguished the emotion regulation strategies for anxiety. Reappraisal showed stronger negative functional connectivity with the amygdala and cognitive control regions than other strategies. In addition, reappraisal had negative functional coupling between the ventral anterior insula and temporal pole compared with acceptance. In contrast, acceptance showed stronger positive functional coupling between the ventral anterior insula and precentral and postcentral gyrus compared with the control condition. Our findings contribute to the understanding of emotion regulation processes by revealing the brain activity and functional connectivity patterns in reappraisal and acceptance for personal anxious events.Significance statementThis study is the first to reveal the differences in brain activity and functional connectivity between reappraisal and acceptance for individual anxious events. We found that reappraisal strengthened the negative functional coupling between the cognitive control areas and emotion-processing regions. In contrast, acceptance was characterized by a reduction in the self-reflection process and strengthened the functional coupling between emotion-processing regions and self-reflective and emotion recognition areas. These results contribute to a better understanding of emotion regulation processes by providing the differences in relationships of activation in self-reflection, cognitive control, and emotion-processing regions between reappraisal and acceptance for personal anxious events. These findings may help discover interventions for mitigating the negative effects of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tsujimoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuzaki
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriki Yamaya
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Tsuchiya K, Shimoda K, Mitsui S, Yamaya N, Kikuchi S, Fujita T, Tozato F. Hemodynamic changes in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex relate to the psychological mood profile. Neurosci Lett 2022; 780:136653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yamaya N, Tsuchiya K, Takizawa I, Shimoda K, Kitazawa K, Tozato F. Effect of one-session focused attention meditation on the working memory capacity of meditation novices: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2288. [PMID: 34343414 PMCID: PMC8413779 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have revealed that one-session focused attention meditation (FAM) can improve top-down attention control, which is one of the factors of working memory capacity (WMC). In addition, FAM shares various neural substrates, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), with WMC. Thus, we hypothesized that one-session FAM would improve WMC by activating the DLPFC evoked by the top-down attention control. In this study, we examined whether FAM modified WMC in individuals with little to no meditation experience. METHODS The participants were randomly assigned to either the FAM group (N = 13) or the control group (N = 17) who engaged in random thinking (i.e., mind-wandering). Before and after each 15-min intervention, the participants' WMC was measured according to the total number of correct answers in the Reading Span Test. During each intervention, functional near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to measure the blood flow in the participants' DLPFC and determine the top-down attention control effect. RESULTS In the FAM group, WMC increased, and the bilateral DLPFC was activated during the intervention. As for the control group, WMC decreased after the intervention, and the bilateral DLPFC was not activated during the intervention. A correlation was also found among all participants between the increase in WMC and the activation of the bilateral DLPFC. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that top-down attention control during FAM can activate the bilateral DLPFC and increase WMC among meditation novices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriki Yamaya
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of MedicineGunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
| | - Kenji Tsuchiya
- Department of Rehabilitation SciencesGunma University Graduate School of Health SciencesMaebashiJapan
| | - Ibuki Takizawa
- Department of Occupational TherapyUmayabashi HospitalMaebashiJapan
| | - Kaori Shimoda
- Department of Rehabilitation SciencesGunma University Graduate School of Health SciencesMaebashiJapan
| | - Kazuki Kitazawa
- Department of Occupational TherapyGeriatrics Institute and HospitalMaebashiJapan
| | - Fusae Tozato
- Department of Health SciencesNagano University of Health and MedicineNaganoJapan
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Burin D, Liu Y, Yamaya N, Kawashima R. Virtual training leads to physical, cognitive and neural benefits in healthy adults. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117297. [PMID: 32828927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity, such as high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise (HIE), can improve executive functions. Although performing strength or aerobic training might be problematic or not feasible for someone. An experimental situation where there is no actual movement, but the body shows physiological reactions, is during the illusion through immersive virtual reality (IVR). We aimed to demonstrate whether a virtual HIE-based intervention (vHIE) performed exclusively by the own virtual body has physical, cognitive, and neural benefits on the real body. 45 healthy young adults (cross-over design) experienced HIE training in IVR (i.e., the virtual body performed eight sets of 30 s of running followed by 30 s of slow walking, while the subject is completely still) in two random-ordered conditions (administered in two sessions one week apart): the virtual body is displayed in first-person perspective (1PP) or third-person perspective (3PP). During the vHIE, we recorded the heart rate and subjective questionnaires to confirm the effectiveness of the illusion; before and after vHIE, we measured cortical hemodynamic changes in the participants' left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) using the fNIRS device during the Stroop task to test our main hypothesis. Preliminary, we confirmed that the illusion was effective: during the vHIE in 1PP, subjects' heart rate increased coherently with the virtual movements, and they reported subjective feelings of ownership and agency. Primarily, subjects were faster in executing the Stroop task after the vHIE in 1PP; also, the lDLPFC activity increased coherently. Clinically, these results might be exploited to train cognition and body simultaneously. Theoretically, we proved that the sense of body ownership and agency can affect other parameters, even in the absence of actual movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Burin
- Smart Aging International Research Center (SAIRC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yingxu Liu
- Smart Aging International Research Center (SAIRC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Noriki Yamaya
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Smart Aging International Research Center (SAIRC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Burin D, Yamaya N, Ogitsu R, Kawashima R. Virtual training leads to real acute physical, cognitive, and neural benefits on healthy adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:559. [PMID: 31511036 PMCID: PMC6737639 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keeping a certain level of physical activity has beneficial effects on the body itself but also, surprisingly, on cognition: specifically, physical high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise (HIE) can show improvement on cognitive executive functions. Although, in some cases performing strength or aerobic training is problematic or not feasible. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) can induce the illusory feeling of ownership and agency over a moving virtual body, therefore showing comparable physiological reactions: for example, if an individual is sitting on a chair but his virtual body climbs a hill, the individual's heart rate increases coherently, as if he is actually walking. In this study, we investigate whether this same illusion can show beneficial consequences on the body as well as on executive functions (using the color-word matching Stroop task) and on its neural substrates (using functional near-infrared spectroscopy [fNIRS]). METHODS In a cross-over randomized controlled trial, 30 healthy young adults will experience HIE training in IVR (i.e. the virtual body will perform eight sets of 30 s of running followed by 30 s of slow walking, while the participant is completely still) according to two random-ordered conditions: during the experimental condition, the virtual body is displayed in first-person perspective (1PP), while in the control condition, the virtual body is displayed in third-person perspective (3PP). To confirm that individuals have the illusion of ownership and agency over the virtual body in 1PP (and not in 3PP), we will record the heart rate, in addition to subjective questionnaires. Before and after every IVR sessions (one week apart), we will measure cortical hemodynamic changes in the participants' prefrontal cortex using the fNIRS device during the Stroop task's execution. DISCUSSION From a theoretical perspective, we could prove that the sense of body ownership and agency can modulate physical and cognitive parameters, even in the absence of actual movements; from a clinical perspective, these results could be useful to train cognition and body simultaneously, in a completely safe environment. TRIAL REGISTRATION University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, UMIN000034255 . Registered on 1 October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Burin
- Smart Aging International Research Center (SAIRC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan. .,Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Noriki Yamaya
- Smart Aging International Research Center (SAIRC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Rie Ogitsu
- Smart Aging International Research Center (SAIRC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Smart Aging International Research Center (SAIRC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Tsuchiya K, Mitsui S, Fukuyama R, Yamaya N, Fujita T, Shimoda K, Tozato F. An acute bout of housework activities has beneficial effects on executive function. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:61-72. [PMID: 29339923 PMCID: PMC5746069 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s153813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although acute bouts of exercise reportedly have beneficial effects on executive function, inactive people may find it difficult to start exercising. In this study, we focused on housework activities (HAs) that generate a sense of accomplishment and require a mild intensity of physical activity. We examined the impact of an acute bout of HA on executive function and oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) flow to related cortical regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five participants (age, 18-21 years; mean, 19.88±0.60 years; six males and 19 females) underwent two experiments, ie, HA and control experiments, which were conducted on different days. Participants vacuumed a dirty floor in the HA experiment and mimicked the same motion with an unplugged vacuum cleaner on a clean floor in the control experiment. RESULTS Heart rate recorded during the experiments showed no significant difference in the intensity of physical activity between control and HA groups. A questionnaire revealed a sense of accomplishment after completing the HA experiment. Participants performed the Stroop color-word task (SCWT) pre- and post-experiments; cortical hemodynamic changes were simultaneously monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Variation in Stroop interference scores for SCWT total response between pre- and post-experiments was signifi-cantly higher in the HA group than in the control group, and that for SCWT correct response showed a similar trend. Variation in the Stroop interference score for oxy-Hb flow to the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (R-VLPFC) showed the same trend. CONCLUSION Thus, HAs may have a greater beneficial effect on executive function than other physical activities through the activation of PFC, including R-VLPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tsuchiya
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma
| | - Shinichi Mitsui
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma
| | - Ryuji Fukuyama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Gunma Seishi Ryougoen, Gunma
| | - Noriki Yamaya
- Department of Health Sciences, Gunma University School of Medicine, Gunma
| | - Takaaki Fujita
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kaori Shimoda
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma
| | - Fusae Tozato
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma
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Onoshita T, Shimizu Y, Yamaya N, Miyazaki M, Yokoyama M, Fujiwara N, Nakajima T, Makino K, Terada H, Haga M. The behavior of PLGA microspheres containing rifampicin in alveolar macrophages. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 76:151-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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