1
|
Muhamad Hendri NA, Nor Amdan NA, Dounis SO, Sulaiman Najib N, Louis SR. Ultrastructural and morphological studies on variables affecting Escherichia coli with selected commercial antibiotics. Cell Surf 2024; 11:100120. [PMID: 38313869 PMCID: PMC10831149 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2024.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies reported the effects of antibiotic exposure on E. coli bacterial growth and cell modification. However, scarce descriptive information on ultrastructural effects upon exposure of commercial antibiotics. Methods This study described the morphological and ultrastructural alterations caused by selected antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftriaxone, polymyxin B, colistin, gentamicin, and amikacin) that targeted cell wall, plasma membrane, and cytoplasmic density, and also proteins synthesis. We determined extracellular morphological changes of exposure through scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and intracellular activities through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation. Results FESEM and TEM micrograph of E. coli exposed with selected antibiotics shows ultrastructural changes in beta-lactam class (amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftriaxone) elongated the cells as the cell wall was altered as it inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, polymyxin class (polymyxin B, colistin) had plasmid and curli-fimbriae as it breaking down the plasma/cytoplasmic membrane, and aminoglycoside class (gentamicin, and amikacin) reduced ribosome concentration as it inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 30 s ribosomes. Conclusion Morphological and ultrastructural alterations of E. coli's mechanism of actions were translated and depicted. This study could be reference for characterization studies for morphological and ultrastructural of E. coli upon exposure to antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Afrina Muhamad Hendri
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Special Resource Centre (SRC), Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asyura Nor Amdan
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shelly Olevia Dounis
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Special Resource Centre (SRC), Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norzarila Sulaiman Najib
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Special Resource Centre (SRC), Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Santhana Raj Louis
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Special Resource Centre (SRC), Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ramli SR, Abdul Hadi FS, Nor Amdan NA, Kamaradin IH, Zabari N, Maniam S, Sulaiman NS, Ghazali S, Seman Z, Hashim R, Ahmad N. Secondary and Co-Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in Malaysia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1547. [PMID: 37887248 PMCID: PMC10604684 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal secondary and co-infections are commonly identified with viral respiratory infections. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence and factors associated with bacterial and fungal infections in patients with COVID-19 as well as antibiotics prescription patterns within the first and second waves of the outbreak in Malaysia. Clinical records of 3532 COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals in Malaysia between 4 February and 4 August 2020 were analyzed. Co-morbidities, clinical features, investigations, treatment, and complications were captured using the REDCap database. Culture and sensitivity test results were retrieved from the WHONET database. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify associated determinants. A total of 161 types of bacterial and fungal infections were found in 81 patients, i.e., 2.3%. The most common bacterial cultures were Gram-negative, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.9%). The most common fungal isolate was Candida albicans (41.2%). Augmentin, ceftriaxone, tazocin, meropenem, and azithromycin were the five most frequently prescribed antibiotics. The latter four were classified under the "Watch" category in the WHO AwaRe list. Our data showed that bacterial and fungal secondary and co-infections were frequently found in severely ill COVID-19 patients and were associated with a higher mortality rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Roszilawati Ramli
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Fashihah Sherina Abdul Hadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asyura Nor Amdan
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Insyirah Husna Kamaradin
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Noraliza Zabari
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Saraswathiy Maniam
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Nur Suffia Sulaiman
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Sumarni Ghazali
- Special Resource Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Zamtira Seman
- Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Rohaidah Hashim
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Norazah Ahmad
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hassan M, Mohd Ali MR, Zamri HF, Nor Amdan NA, Azmai MNA, Maniam S, Mohamed Alipiah N, Hashim R. Distribution, Prevalence, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Infectious Noncholera Vibrio Species in Malaysia. J Trop Med 2023; 2023:2716789. [PMID: 37274080 PMCID: PMC10238136 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2716789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The noncholera Vibrio spp. which cause vibriosis are abundantly found in our water ecosystem. These bacteria could negatively affect both humans and animals. To date, there is a paucity of information available on the existence and pathogenicity of this particular noncholera Vibrio spp. in Malaysia in comparison to their counterpart, Vibrio cholera. Methods In this study, we extracted retrospective data from Malaysian surveillance database. Analysis was carried out using WHONET software focusing noncholera Vibrio spp. including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio hollisae (Grimontia hollisae), Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio metschnikovii, and Vibrio furnissii. Results Here, we report the first distribution and prevalence of these species isolated in Malaysia together with the antibiotic sensitivity profile based on the species. We found that V. parahaemolyticus is the predominant species isolated in Malaysia. Noticeably, across the study period, V. fluvialis is becoming more prevalent, as compared to V. parahaemolyticus. In addition, this study also reports the first isolation of pathogenic V. furnissii from stool in Malaysia. Conclusion These data represent an important step toward understanding the potential emergence of noncholera Vibrio spp. outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murnihayati Hassan
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Complex, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Ridhuan Mohd Ali
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Complex, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hana Farizah Zamri
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Complex, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asyura Nor Amdan
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Complex, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai
- Aquatic Animal Health & Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saraswathiy Maniam
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Complex, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norfarrah Mohamed Alipiah
- Aquatic Animal Health & Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rohaidah Hashim
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Complex, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ali MRM, Zamri HF, Amdan NAN, Rashid FA, Jamil NN, Hashim R, Amran F, Ahmad N. Demography and antibiotic susceptibility of emerging Chryseobacterium gleum among hospitalised patients in Malaysia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106421.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
5
|
Amdan NAN, Zamri HF, Dahalan NA, Rumaya D, Ali MRM, Ahmad N. Distribution trends of mecA, pvl and SCCmec elements in Malaysian CA-MRSA clinical isolates between year 2017–2018. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106421.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Mahat MM, Sabere ASM, Azizi J, Amdan NAN. Potential Applications of Conducting Polymers to Reduce Secondary Bacterial Infections among COVID-19 Patients: a Review. Emergent Mater 2021; 4:279-292. [PMID: 33649739 PMCID: PMC7903935 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a motivation for material scientists to search for functional materials with valuable properties to alleviate the risks associated with the coronavirus. The formulation of functional materials requires synergistic understanding on the properties of materials and mechanisms of virus transmission and disease progression, including secondary bacterial infections that are prevalent in COVID-19 patients. A viable candidate in the struggle against the pandemic is antimicrobial polymer, due to their favorable properties of flexibility, lightweight, and ease of synthesis. Polymers are the base material for personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, face mask, face shield, and coverall suit for frontliners. Conducting polymers (CPs) are polymers with electrical properties due to the addition of dopant in the polymer structure. The conductivity of polymers augments their antiviral and antibacterial properties. This review discusses the types of CPs and how their properties could be exploited to ward off bacterial infections in hospital settings, specifically in cases involving COVID-19 patients. This review also covers common CPs fabrication techniques. The key components to produce CPs at several possibilities to fit the current needs in fighting secondary bacterial infections are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Muzamir Mahat
- Textile Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Juzaili Azizi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asyura Nor Amdan
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohd Ali MR, Sum JS, Aminuddin Baki NN, Choong YS, Nor Amdan NA, Amran F, Lim TS. Development of monoclonal antibodies against recombinant LipL21 protein of pathogenic Leptospira through phage display technology. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:289-300. [PMID: 33310091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal zoonosis that is caused by spirochete Leptospira. The signs and symptoms of leptospirosis are usually varied, allowing it to be mistaken for other causes of acute febrile syndromes. Thus, early diagnosis and identification of a specific agent in clinical samples is crucial for effective treatment. This study was aimed to develop specific monoclonal antibodies against LipL21 antigen for future use in leptospirosis rapid and accurate immunoassay. A recombinant LipL21 (rLipL21) antigen was optimized for expression and evaluated for immunogenicity. Then, a naïve phage antibody library was utilized to identify single chain fragment variable (scFv) clones against the rLipL21 antigen. A total of 47 clones were analysed through monoclonal phage ELISA. However, after taking into consideration the background OD405 values, only 4 clones were sent for sequencing to determine human germline sequences. The sequence analysis showed that all 4 clones are identical. The in silico analysis of scFv-lip-1 complex indicated that the charged residues of scFv CDRs are responsible for the recognition with rLipL21 epitopes. The generated monoclonal antibody against rLipL21 will be evaluated as a detection reagent for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis in a future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ridhuan Mohd Ali
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), 40170 Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Jia Siang Sum
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Najian Aminuddin Baki
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), 40170 Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Yee Siew Choong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asyura Nor Amdan
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), 40170 Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Fairuz Amran
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), 40170 Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|