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Lindblad O, Cordero E, Puissant A, Macaulay L, Kabir NN, Sun J, Haraldsson K, Borg Å, Levander F, Stegmaier K, Pietras K, Rönnstrand L, Kazi JU. Abstract 310: Mechanism of sorafenib resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Activating mutations in FLT3 occur in up to 35% of patients with AML and correlate with poor prognosis. Therapy directed against FLT3 has been shown to induce response in patients with AML, but these responses are almost always transient. Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors have displayed promising results in the treatment of solid tumors, and of hematological cancers. In this report we describe that a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor is effective against sorafenib-responsive, and -resistant, AML cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. We generated two cell lines by sustained treatment with sorafenib. Parental cell lines carry the FLT3-ITD mutation and are highly responsive to FLT3 inhibitors, while sorafenib-resistant cell lines display resistance to multiple FLT3 inhibitors. Next generation sequencing did not show any significant difference in the mutational burden in between responsive and resistant cell lines. While next generation sequencing identified FLT3-D835Y with an allele-depth of 67:37 in a resistant cell line, Sanger sequencing and protein mass-spectroscopy did not identify any acquired mutations in the kinase domain of FLT3 in the resistant cells. Moreover, sorafenib treatment effectively blocked FLT3 activation in resistant cells, while it was unable to block colony formation or cell survival, suggesting that the resistant cells are no longer dependent on FLT3. Gene expression analysis of sorafenib-sensitive and -resistant cell lines, as well as of blasts from patients with sorafenib-resistant AML, suggested an enrichment of the PI3K/mTOR pathway that correlated with the resistant phenotype, which was further supported by phospho-specific-antibody array analysis. The selective PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, gedatolisib, efficiently blocked proliferation, colony and tumor formation of resistant cell lines as well as induces apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that aberrant activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway results in FLT3-inhibitors-resistance and a dual specific PI3K/mTOR inhibitor is an effective treatment in both tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitive and resistant AML.
Citation Format: Oscar Lindblad, Eugenia Cordero, Alexandre Puissant, Lucy Macaulay, Nuzhat N. Kabir, Jianmin Sun, Karin Haraldsson, Åke Borg, Fredrik Levander, Kimberly Stegmaier, Kristian Pietras, Lars Rönnstrand, Julhash U. Kazi. Mechanism of sorafenib resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 310.
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Lindblad O, Cordero E, Puissant A, Macaulay L, Ramos A, Kabir NN, Sun J, Vallon-Christersson J, Haraldsson K, Hemann MT, Borg Å, Levander F, Stegmaier K, Pietras K, Rönnstrand L, Kazi JU. Aberrant activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway promotes resistance to sorafenib in AML. Oncogene 2016; 35:5119-31. [PMID: 26999641 PMCID: PMC5399143 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapy directed against oncogenic FLT3 has been shown to induce response in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but these responses are almost always transient. To address the mechanism of FLT3 inhibitor resistance, we generated two resistant AML cell lines by sustained treatment with the FLT3 inhibitor sorafenib. Parental cell lines carry the FLT3-ITD (tandem duplication) mutation and are highly responsive to FLT3 inhibitors, whereas resistant cell lines display resistance to multiple FLT3 inhibitors. Sanger sequencing and protein mass-spectrometry did not identify any acquired mutations in FLT3 in the resistant cells. Moreover, sorafenib treatment effectively blocked FLT3 activation in resistant cells, whereas it was unable to block colony formation or cell survival, suggesting that the resistant cells are no longer FLT3 dependent. Gene expression analysis of sensitive and resistant cell lines, as well as of blasts from patients with sorafenib-resistant AML, suggested an enrichment of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in the resistant phenotype, which was further supported by next-generation sequencing and phospho-specific-antibody array analysis. Furthermore, a selective PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, gedatolisib, efficiently blocked proliferation, colony and tumor formation, and induced apoptosis in resistant cell lines. Gedatolisib significantly extended survival of mice in a sorafenib-resistant AML patient-derived xenograft model. Taken together, our data suggest that aberrant activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in FLT3-ITD-dependent AML results in resistance to drugs targeting FLT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lindblad
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology and Vascular Disorders, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Cordero
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Puissant
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Macaulay
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Ramos
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - N N Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - J Sun
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - K Haraldsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M T Hemann
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Å Borg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - F Levander
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Life Sciences (BILS), Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
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Lindblad O, Chougule RA, Moharram SA, Kabir NN, Sun J, Kazi JU, Rönnstrand L. The role of HOXB2 and HOXB3 in acute myeloid leukemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:742-7. [PMID: 26482852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous aggressive disease and the most common form of adult leukemia. Mutations in the type III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 are found in more than 30% of AML patients. Drugs against FLT3 have been developed for the treatment of AML, but they lack specificity, show poor response and lead to the development of a resistant phenotype upon treatment. Therefore, a deeper understanding of FLT3 signaling will facilitate identification of additional pharmacological targets in FLT3-driven AML. In this report, we identify HOXB2 and HOXB3 as novel regulators of oncogenic FLT3-ITD-driven AML. We show that HOXB2 and HOXB3 expression is upregulated in a group of AML patients carrying FLT3-ITD. Overexpression of HOXB2 or HOXB3 in mouse pro-B cells resulted in decreased FLT3-ITD-dependent cell proliferation as well as colony formation and increased apoptosis. Expression of HOXB2 or HOXB3 resulted in a significant decrease in FLT3-ITD-induced AKT, ERK, p38 and STAT5 phosphorylation. Our data suggest that HOXB2 and HOXB3 act as tumor suppressors in FLT3-ITD driven AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lindblad
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Hematology and Vascular Disorders, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rohit A Chougule
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sausan A Moharram
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nuzhat N Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Jianmin Sun
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Kazi JU, Kabir NN, Rönnstrand L. Brain-Expressed X-linked (BEX) proteins in human cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:226-33. [PMID: 26408910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Brain-Expressed X-linked (BEX) family proteins are comprised of five human proteins including BEX1, BEX2, BEX3, BEX4 and BEX5. BEX family proteins are expressed in a wide range of tissues and are known to play a role in neuronal development. Recent studies suggest a role of BEX family proteins in cancers. BEX1 expression is lost in a subgroup of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Expression of BEX1 controls cell surface receptor signaling and restores imatinib response in resistant cells. BEX2 is overexpressed in a group of breast cancer patients and also in gliomas. Increased BEX2 expression led to enhanced NF-κB signaling as well as cell proliferation. Although BEX2 acts as tumor promoter in a subset of breast cancer, BEX3 expression displayed an opposite role. Overexpression of BEX3 resulted in inhibition of tumor formation in breast cancer mouse xenograft models. The role of BEX4 and BEX5 in cancer has not yet been defined. Collectively this suggests that BEX family members have distinct roles in cancers. While BEX1 and BEX3 act as tumor suppressors, BEX2 seems to act as an oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village 404 ,Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh.
| | - Nuzhat N Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village 404 ,Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Kazi JU, Kabir NN, Rönnstrand L. Role of SRC-like adaptor protein (SLAP) in immune and malignant cell signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2535-44. [PMID: 25772501 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SRC-like adaptor protein (SLAP) is an adaptor protein structurally similar to the SRC family protein kinases. Like SRC, SLAP contains an SH3 domain followed by an SH2 domain but the kinase domain has been replaced by a unique C-terminal region. SLAP is expressed in a variety of cell types. Current studies suggest that it regulates signaling of various cell surface receptors including the B cell receptor, the T cell receptor, cytokine receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases which are important regulator of immune and cancer cell signaling. SLAP targets receptors, or its associated components, by recruiting the ubiquitin machinery and thereby destabilizing signaling. SLAP directs receptors to ubiquitination-mediated degradation and controls receptors turnover as well as signaling. Thus, SLAP appears to be an important component in regulating signal transduction required for immune and malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village 404:C3, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
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Kabir NN, Sun J, Rönnstrand L, Kazi JU. SOCS6 is a selective suppressor of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10581-9. [PMID: 25172101 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are well-known negative regulators of cytokine receptor signaling. SOCS6 is one of eight members of the SOCS family of proteins. Similar to other SOCS proteins, SOCS6 consists of an uncharacterized extended N-terminal region followed by an SH2 domain and a SOCS box. Unlike other SOCS proteins, SOCS6 is mainly involved in negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. SOCS6 is widely expressed in many tissues and is found to be downregulated in many cancers including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, stomach cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. SOCS6 is involved in negative regulation of receptor signaling by increasing degradation mediated by ubiquitination of receptors or substrate proteins and induces apoptosis by targeting mitochondrial proteins. Therefore, SOCS6 turns out as an important regulator of survival signaling and its activity is required for controlling receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat N Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
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Kazi JU, Kabir NN, Flores-Morales A, Rönnstrand L. SOCS proteins in regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3297-310. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
The adaptor protein Grb10 is a close homolog of Grb7 and Grb14. These proteins are characterized by an N-terminal proline-rich region, a Ras-GTPase binding domain, a PH domain, an SH2 domain and a BPS domain in between the PH and SH2 domains. Human Grb10 gene encodes three splice variants. These variants show differences in functionality. Grb10 associates with multiple proteins including tyrosine kinases in a tyrosine phosphorylation dependent or independent manner. Association with multiple proteins allows Grb10 to regulate different signaling pathways resulting in different biological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat N Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Bagura Road, Barisal, Bangladesh
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Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) belongs to a family of ten serine/threonine protein kinases encoded by nine genes. This family of proteins plays critical roles in signal transduction which results in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and apoptosis. Due to differential subcellular localization and tissue distribution, each member displays distinct signaling characteristics. In this review, we have summarized the roles of PKC family members in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CLL is a heterogeneous hematological disorder with survival ranging from months to decades. PKC isoforms are differentially expressed in CLL and play critical roles in CLL pathogenesis. Thus, isoform-specific PKC inhibitors may be an attractive option for CLL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404:C3, 223 63, Lund, Sweden,
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Kabir NN, Rönnstrand L, Kazi JU. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins in breast cancer progression. Med Oncol 2013; 30:666. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kabir NN, Rönnstrand L, Kazi JU. FLT3 mutations in patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Med Oncol 2013; 30:462. [PMID: 23335073 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kabir NN, Kazi JU. Selective mutation in ATP-binding site reduces affinity of drug to the kinase: a possible mechanism of chemo-resistance. Med Oncol 2013; 30:448. [PMID: 23307256 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kabir NN, Kazi JU. Comparative analysis of human and bovine protein kinases reveals unique relationship and functional diversity. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:587-91. [PMID: 22215962 PMCID: PMC3229113 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011005000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation by protein kinases and phosphatases is a common event in various cellular processes. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily, which is one of the largest superfamilies of eukaryotic proteins, plays several roles in cell signaling and diseases. We identified 482 eukaryotic protein kinases and 39 atypical protein kinases in the bovine genome, by searching publicly accessible genetic-sequence databases. Bovines have 512 putative protein kinases, each orthologous to a human kinase. Whereas orthologous kinase pairs are, on an average, 90.6% identical, orthologous kinase catalytic domain pairs are, on an average, 95.9% identical at the amino acid level. This bioinformatic study of bovine protein kinases provides a suitable framework for further characterization of their functional and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat N Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Bagura Road, Barisal, Bangladesh
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