Investigation of macroanatomical and morphometric on the skull bones of Aksaray Malakli dogs

BACKGROUND

The skull is an important anatomical structure to discern dog breeds and wolves from dogs. For this purpose, skull morphology and some morphometric measurements of Malakli dogs, a local breed in the Aksaray region, were examined.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Thirty-two distances were measured, and seven ratio's calculated, in nine skulls of adult dogs. In our study, different morphological features and statistical findings that were not revealed by taking measurements from thirty-two distinct anatomical points of Aksaray Malakli dog skull bones were determined in accordance with the literature.

RESULTS

Processus zygomaticus was found to be long and pointed in the Aksaray Malakli dogs. The morphometric analysis results, facial index value 107.68 ± 4.98, nasal index value 19.61 ± 3.25, cranial index value 56.17 ± 2.52, basal index value 30.57 ± 1.30, skull index 54.68 ± 3.01, palatal index I value 56.76 ± 1.89 in Aksaray Malaklı dog and palatal index II value was calculated as 59.83 ± 2.23.

CONCLUSIONS

It can be concluded form the present investigation that the neurocranium length, facial index, cranial index, basal index, skull index, palatal index values ​​were statistically different from other dog breeds.

Bochdalek hernia with concomitant partial situs inversus in an adult

We report the case of 44-year-old woman with a left-sided Bochdalek hernia (BH) with concomitant partial situs inversus. The patient was presented from the outpatient clinic with lower chest discomfort. She had suffered from abdominal pain for one year, with no history of trauma, previous surgery, or extreme physical exertion. Chest radiograph revealed a large left-sided BH. The patient underwent thoracotomy. Intestinal organs, containing bowel, small intestine, caecum, and appendix were seen in the left hemithorax. Because of the failure to reduce the intestinal organs into the peritoneal cavity, laparotomy was performed. The right side of the abdominal cavity was empty. In conclusion, partial situs inversus was diagnosed. The diaphragmatic defect was repaired with non-absorbable sutures via laparotomy, and with a prolene mesh via thoracotomy. Bochdalek hernia with partial situs inversus is a rare clinical entity with none reported in medical literature.

Clinical pregnancy rates in an IVF program. Use of the flare-up protocol after failure with long regimens of GnRH-a

OBJECTIVE

To examine the efficacy of flare-up protocols in patients who failed to respond to a long protocol using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a).

STUDY DESIGN

In this retrospective study, a total of 144 patients who underwent an in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer cycle with the flare-up protocol were analyzed. Of these, 111 patients (group I) had not responded well to ovulation induction with long-term down-regulation with GnRH-a (long protocol), and 33 (group II) had responded to ovulation induction with at least four follicles but failed to conceive after embryo transfer. The average age of the patients were 37.3 +/- 3.9 years (range, 28-43) and 36.5 +/- 3.7 (range, 24-44), respectively. All patients underwent a flare-up protocol with GnRH-a (leuprolide acetate, 0.5 mg/d) on day 2 and at least 6 ampules of gonadotropins on day 3 within 6 months following failure with the long protocol. Unresponsiveness was defined as having fewer than three developing follicles on day 7, with an estradiol level < 200 pg/mL. Patients with a cycle day 2 follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level > 15 mIU/mL before initiating GnRH-a were not included in the flare-up protocol. The average day 2 FSH levels of the patients on the flare-up protocol cycles were 9.1 +/- 3.0 in group I and 7.1 +/- 2.0 in group II.

RESULTS

In group I, 44 of 111 (39.6%) patients did not respond to the flare-up protocol even with an increased dose of gonadotropins. In 67 patients, an average of 7.2 +/- 2.3 oocytes were obtained. Embryo transfer was performed on 64 patients with an average of 3.2 +/- 0.6 embryos. Fertilization did not occur in three patients. Eleven women conceived, eight of them miscarried, and three delivered. The pregnancy rate per cycle initiated was 9.9% (11/111) and live birth rate per cycle initiated, 2.5% (3/111). In group II, 3 of 33 patients were cancelled. The reasons were inadequate ovarian response, risk of hyperstimulation and absence of oocytes after aspiration. In 28 patients the average number of oocytes obtained was 6.9 +/- 3.9, and the average number of embryos replaced was 2.7 +/- 1.0. Six patients conceived, and all miscarried. The pregnancy rate per cycle initiated was 6/33 (18.1%), and no live births were achieved.

CONCLUSION

Although the flare-up protocol after an unsuccessful luteal phase long protocol increases the pregnancy rate per cycle slightly, the live birth rate is not improved in poor responders.

Acute lung injury following thermal insult to the skin: a light and transmission electron microscopial study

Oxygen radicals are involved in the development of burn shock and distant organ injury in animal models of trauma. Neutrophils are likely the source of reactive oxygen metabolites as a result of the systemic inflammatory reaction to a local burn insult. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of neutrophils in the development of lung injury related to second degree skin burn in rats. Rats were decapitated at two hours following burn injury. Lung tissue samples were removed and examined biochemically and histologically. Tissue-associated myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, which is an index of neutrophil infiltration, was increased considerably in lung tissue at 2 h after burn injury. Disturbance of alveolar structure, intraalveolar hemorrhage and prominent neutrophil infiltration indicated lung parenchymal injury. Ultrastructural examination of the lung revealed that pneumocytes type I, pneumocytes type II and capillary endothelial cells were degenerated. The data presented here suggest that neutrophil accumulation in the lung is involved in pathogenesis of this distant organ after burn injury.