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Engone-Ondo JD, Mouinga-Ondémé A, Lékana-Douki SE, Diané A, Mamimandjiami AI, Banga O, Ndong-Atome GR, Aghokeng AF. High rate of virological failure and HIV drug resistance in semi-rural Gabon and implications for dolutegravir-based regimen efficacy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:1051-1056. [PMID: 33367796 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The projected UNAIDS goal of ending AIDS by 2030 requires significant global efforts to improve current and future ART strategies. In this study, we assessed viral load (VL) suppression and acquired drug resistance, as well as future efficacy of dolutegravir-based combinations for patients living in semi-rural regions of Gabon. METHODS Eligible study participants were adults receiving ART and recruited between 2018 and 2019 in Franceville, Gabon. VL testing was conducted to assess VL suppression and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) testing was performed to identify resistance mutations and assess their impact on ongoing and future ART regimens. RESULTS We recruited 219 participants overall. The median time on ART was 27 months and 216/219 participants were on first-line ART. VL suppression (VL < 1000 copies/mL) was 57.1% (95% CI 50.5-63.8) overall; 59.4% (51.4-67.5) and 52.2% (40.3-64.2) for women and men, respectively. The overall prevalence of HIVDR was 21.9% among the study population and 67.2% among those who failed ART. Presence of both NRTI and NNRTI mutations was found in 84.6% of sequences with drug resistance mutations, and full activity of a dolutegravir-based first-line regimen including tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine/dolutegravir was expected only for 5/39 patients with a resistant virus. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a very low rate of VL suppression in a semi-rural context in Africa. Moreover, the high burden of HIVDR has affected both current and newly recommended ART strategies. Better management of ART in resource-limited settings is still a challenging ambition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéordy D Engone-Ondo
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Augustin Mouinga-Ondémé
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Sonia E Lékana-Douki
- Unité des Émergences Virales, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Abdoulaye Diané
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Antony I Mamimandjiami
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Octavie Banga
- Unité des Émergences Virales, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Guy-Roger Ndong-Atome
- Département de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), BP 901 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Avelin F Aghokeng
- Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses Associées, (CIRMF-SSM), Libreville, Gabon.,UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-MIVEGEC - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Mangombi JB, N’dilimabaka N, Lekana-Douki JB, Banga O, Maghendji-Nzondo S, Bourgarel M, Leroy E, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O. First investigation of pathogenic bacteria, protozoa and viruses in rodents and shrews in context of forest-savannah-urban areas interface in the city of Franceville (Gabon). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248244. [PMID: 33684147 PMCID: PMC7939261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are reservoirs of numerous zoonotic diseases caused by bacteria, protozoans, or viruses. In Gabon, the circulation and maintenance of rodent-borne zoonotic infectious agents are poorly studied and are often limited to one type of pathogen. Among the three existing studies on this topic, two are focused on a zoonotic virus, and the third is focused on rodent Plasmodium. In this study, we searched for a wide range of bacteria, protozoa and viruses in different organs of rodents from the town of Franceville in Gabon. Samples from one hundred and ninety-eight (198) small mammals captured, including two invasive rodent species, five native rodent species and 19 shrews belonging to the Soricidae family, were screened. The investigated pathogens were bacteria from the Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae families, Mycoplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Borrelia spp., Orientia spp., Occidentia spp., Leptospira spp., Streptobacillus moniliformis, Coxiella burnetii, and Yersinia pestis; parasites from class Kinetoplastida spp. (Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp.), Piroplasmidae spp., and Toxoplasma gondii; and viruses from Paramyxoviridae, Hantaviridae, Flaviviridae and Mammarenavirus spp. We identified the following pathogenic bacteria: Anaplasma spp. (8.1%; 16/198), Bartonella spp. (6.6%; 13/198), Coxiella spp. (5.1%; 10/198) and Leptospira spp. (3.5%; 7/198); and protozoans: Piroplasma sp. (1%; 2/198), Toxoplasma gondii (0.5%; 1/198), and Trypanosoma sp. (7%; 14/198). None of the targeted viral genes were detected. These pathogens were found in Gabonese rodents, mainly Lophuromys sp., Lemniscomys striatus and Praomys sp. We also identified new genotypes: Candidatus Bartonella gabonensis and Uncultured Anaplasma spp. This study shows that rodents in Gabon harbor some human pathogenic bacteria and protozoans. It is necessary to determine whether the identified microorganisms are capable of undergoing zoonotic transmission from rodents to humans and if they may be responsible for human cases of febrile disease of unknown etiology in Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joa Braïthe Mangombi
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Nadine N’dilimabaka
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jean-Bernard Lekana-Douki
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Département de Parasitologie, Université des Sciences de la Santé (USS), Owendo, Libreville
| | - Octavie Banga
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Sydney Maghendji-Nzondo
- Département Epidémiologie-Biostatistique et Informatique Médicale (DEBIM), Université des Sciences de la Santé (USS), Owendo, Libreville
| | - Mathieu Bourgarel
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Harare, Zimbabwe
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Leroy
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-UM, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, Marseille, France
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Mangombi JB, Brouat C, Loiseau A, Banga O, Leroy EM, Bourgarel M, Duplantier JM. Urban population genetics of the invasive black rats in Franceville, Gabon. J Zool (1987) 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Mangombi
- Centre International de Recherche Médicale de Franceville (CIRMF); Franceville Gabon
- Ird; CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro); Montferrier-sur-Lez France
- CIRAD; UPR AGIRs; Montpellier France
| | - C. Brouat
- Ird; CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro); Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - A. Loiseau
- INRA; CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro); Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - O. Banga
- Centre International de Recherche Médicale de Franceville (CIRMF); Franceville Gabon
| | - E. M. Leroy
- Centre International de Recherche Médicale de Franceville (CIRMF); Franceville Gabon
| | - M. Bourgarel
- CIRAD; UPR AGIRs; Montpellier France
- CIRAD; UPR AGIRs; Harare Zimbabwe
| | - J.-M. Duplantier
- Ird; CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro); Montferrier-sur-Lez France
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Abstract
The factors affecting carotenoid formation in carrot roots are described in detail, and their significance for the evaluation of field trials and for the breeding of carrots of a good colour are discussed. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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