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Agu KC, Ayevbuomwan M, Imade RO, Okolie PN, Elekofehinti OO, Falodun A, Eluehike LN, Tasie MC, Ovie JJ, Obiajuru SK, Enakeno OR, Otsupius JA, Kashetu AI, Akeiti FO. Biochemical investigation of the upstream anti-sickling mechanisms of soursop ( Annona muricata): 15-acetyl guanacone as an inhibitor of deoxyhaemoglobin polymerisation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1503-1520. [PMID: 33016836 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1828171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Current sickle cell disease (SCD) therapies are limited and inefficient. The ethnomedicinal values of Annona muricata in the treatment of SCD, leading to this present research. Leaves and fruits of Annona muricata were processed using solvent extraction and partitioning; aqueous, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. In vitro (anti-oxidant and anti-sickling), in silico, quantitative (amino acids) and kinetic simulation experiments were done. 15-acetyl guanacone, was used, in silico against 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2, 3-BPG) mutase and deoxyhaemoglobin. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions better NO● scavengers, iron-chelators and ferric reducing. In vitro unsickling (UT50) had ethyl acetate = 5 h and methanol = 7 h. Chloroform fraction had EC50 1.00 mg/mL (EC50 = 546 mg/mL) to 10.00 mg/mL (EC50 = 99 mg/mL). EC50 and IC50 of ethyl acetate fraction had steady-decrease. At higher concentration, chloroform fraction had higher Bmax (1.48 × 1021 U/mL) and higher Kd (3.66 × 1019 mg/mL), whereas, at a lower concentration, the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated higher Bmax (7.23 × 1012 U/mL) and lower Kd (2.12 × 1011 mg/mL); The relative affinity (BP) of chloroform fraction increased progressively with concentration. The amino acid profile revealed rich concentrations glycine, valine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, arginine, and tryptophan. From the in silico experiments, 15-acetyl guanacone specifically targeted the A and B chains, with greater affinity for the beta subunit. This suggested that 15-acetyl guanacone might be able to prevent the polymerisation of deoxyHbSS, induce an allosteric conformational change that increases the oxygen affinity, and decrease the cellular 2, 3-BPG concentration.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Chukwunonso Agu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Merit Ayevbuomwan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Rose Osarieme Imade
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Paulinus Ngozi Okolie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Department of Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun Falodun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Lauretta Nkeiruka Eluehike
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Mercy Chinaza Tasie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - John Jatto Ovie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Sarah Kelechi Obiajuru
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Oghenebrozie Reke Enakeno
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Joyce Amiosinor Otsupius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Amina Isimenmen Kashetu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Faith Ofure Akeiti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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