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Le Du-Carrée J, Palacios CK, Rotander A, Larsson M, Alijagic A, Kotlyar O, Engwall M, Sjöberg V, Keiter SH, Almeda R. Cocktail effects of tire wear particles leachates on diverse biological models: A multilevel analysis. J Hazard Mater 2024; 471:134401. [PMID: 38678714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP) stand out as a major contributor to microplastic pollution, yet their environmental impact remains inadequately understood. This study delves into the cocktail effects of TWP leachates, employing molecular, cellular, and organismal assessments on diverse biological models. Extracted in artificial seawater and analyzed for metals and organic compounds, TWP leachates revealed the presence of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and 4-tert-octylphenol. Exposure to TWP leachates (1.5 to 1000 mg peq L-1) inhibited algae growth and induced zebrafish embryotoxicity, pigment alterations, and behavioral changes. Cell painting uncovered pro-apoptotic changes, while mechanism-specific gene-reporter assays highlighted endocrine-disrupting potential, particularly antiandrogenic effects. Although heavy metals like zinc have been suggested as major players in TWP leachate toxicity, this study emphasizes water-leachable organic compounds as the primary causative agents of observed acute toxicity. The findings underscore the need to reduce TWP pollution in aquatic systems and enhance regulations governing highly toxic tire additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Le Du-Carrée
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Clara Kempkens Palacios
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Rotander
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Kotlyar
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), Mobile Robotics and Olfaction Lab (MRO), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Viktor Sjöberg
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Alijagic A, Kotlyar O, Larsson M, Salihovic S, Hedbrant A, Eriksson U, Karlsson P, Persson A, Scherbak N, Färnlund K, Engwall M, Särndahl E. Immunotoxic, genotoxic, and endocrine disrupting impacts of polyamide microplastic particles and chemicals. Environ Int 2024; 183:108412. [PMID: 38183898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Due to their exceptional properties and cost effectiveness, polyamides or nylons have emerged as widely used materials, revolutionizing diverse industries, including industrial 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM). Powder-based AM technologies employ tonnes of polyamide microplastics to produce complex components every year. However, the lack of comprehensive toxicity assessment of particulate polyamides and polyamide-associated chemicals, especially in the light of the global microplastics crisis, calls for urgent action. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of polyamide-12 microplastics used in AM, and assessed a number of toxicity endpoints focusing on inflammation, immunometabolism, genotoxicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, endocrine disruption, and cell morphology. Specifically, microplastics examination by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that work flow reuse of material created a fraction of smaller particles with an average size of 1-5 µm, a size range readily available for uptake by human cells. Moreover, chemical analysis by means of gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry detected several polyamide-associated chemicals including starting material, plasticizer, thermal stabilizer/antioxidant, and migrating slip additive. Even if polyamide particles and chemicals did not induce an acute inflammatory response, repeated and prolonged exposure of human primary macrophages disclosed a steady increase in the levels of proinflammatory chemokine Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL-8). Moreover, targeted metabolomics disclosed that polyamide particles modulated the kynurenine pathway and some of its key metabolites. The p53-responsive luciferase reporter gene assay showed that particles per se were able to activate p53, being indicative of a genotoxic stress. Polyamide-associated chemicals triggered moderate activation of AhR and elicited anti-androgenic activity. Finally, a high-throughput and non-targeted morphological profiling by Cell Painting assay outlined major sites of bioactivity of polyamide-associated chemicals and indicated putative mechanisms of toxicity in the cells. These findings reveal that the increasing use of polyamide microplastics may pose a potential health risk for the exposed individuals, and it merits more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden.
| | - Oleksandr Kotlyar
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), Mobile Robotics and Olfaction Lab (MRO), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Alexander Hedbrant
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Eriksson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Patrik Karlsson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Alexander Persson
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Nikolai Scherbak
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
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Alijagic A, Scherbak N, Kotlyar O, Karlsson P, Wang X, Odnevall I, Benada O, Amiryousefi A, Andersson L, Persson A, Felth J, Andersson H, Larsson M, Hedbrant A, Salihovic S, Hyötyläinen T, Repsilber D, Särndahl E, Engwall M. A Novel Nanosafety Approach Using Cell Painting, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics Captures the Cellular and Molecular Phenotypes Induced by the Unintentionally Formed Metal-Based (Nano)Particles. Cells 2023; 12:281. [PMID: 36672217 PMCID: PMC9856453 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial 3D printing uses cutting-edge technologies and materials to produce a variety of complex products. However, the effects of the unintentionally emitted AM (nano)particles (AMPs) on human cells following inhalation, require further investigations. The physicochemical characterization of the AMPs, extracted from the filter of a Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) 3D printer of iron-based materials, disclosed their complexity, in terms of size, shape, and chemistry. Cell Painting, a high-content screening (HCS) assay, was used to detect the subtle morphological changes elicited by the AMPs at the single cell resolution. The profiling of the cell morphological phenotypes, disclosed prominent concentration-dependent effects on the cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and the membranous structures of the cell. Furthermore, lipidomics confirmed that the AMPs induced the extensive membrane remodeling in the lung epithelial and macrophage co-culture cell model. To further elucidate the biological mechanisms of action, the targeted metabolomics unveiled several inflammation-related metabolites regulating the cell response to the AMP exposure. Overall, the AMP exposure led to the internalization, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton disruption, mitochondrial activation, membrane remodeling, and metabolic reprogramming of the lung epithelial cells and macrophages. We propose the approach of integrating Cell Painting with metabolomics and lipidomics, as an advanced nanosafety methodology, increasing the ability to capture the cellular and molecular phenotypes and the relevant biological mechanisms to the (nano)particle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Nikolai Scherbak
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Kotlyar
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), Mobile Robotics and Olfaction Lab (MRO), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Patrik Karlsson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Xuying Wang
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Odnevall
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- AIMES—Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oldřich Benada
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 140 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ali Amiryousefi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lena Andersson
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, SE-701 85 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexander Persson
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexander Hedbrant
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Dirk Repsilber
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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Kotlyar O, Kamalian-Kopae M, Pankratova M, Vasylchenkova A, Prilepsky JE, Turitsyn SK. Convolutional long short-term memory neural network equalizer for nonlinear Fourier transform-based optical transmission systems. Opt Express 2021; 29:11254-11267. [PMID: 33820241 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate improvement in the performance of the optical transmission systems operating with the continuous nonlinear Fourier spectrum by the artificial neural network equalisers installed at the receiver end. We propose here a novel equaliser designs based on bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) gated recurrent neural network and compare their performance with the equaliser based on several fully connected layers. The proposed approach accounts for the correlations between different nonlinear spectral components. The application of BLSTM equaliser leads to a 16x improvement in terms of bit-error rate (BER) compared to the non-equalised case. The proposed equaliser makes it possible to reach the data rate of 170 Gbit/s for one polarisation conventional nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) based system at 1000 km distance. We show that our new BLSTM equalisers significantly outperform the previously proposed scheme based on a feed-forward fully connected neural network. Moreover, we demonstrate that by adding a 1D convolutional layer for the data pre-processing before BLSTM recurrent layers, we can further enhance the performance of the BLSTM equaliser, reaching 23x BER improvement for the 170 Gbit/s system over 1000 km, staying below the 7% forward error correction hard decision threshold (HD-FEC).
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Kotlyar O, Pankratova M, Kamalian-Kopae M, Vasylchenkova A, Prilepsky JE, Turitsyn SK. Combining nonlinear Fourier transform and neural network-based processing in optical communications. Opt Lett 2020; 45:3462-3465. [PMID: 32630872 DOI: 10.1364/ol.394115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to improve the performance of the nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT)-based optical transmission system by applying the neural network post-processing of the nonlinear spectrum at the receiver. We demonstrate through numerical modeling about one order of magnitude bit error rate improvement and compare this method with machine learning processing based on the classification of the received symbols. The proposed approach also offers a way to improve numerical accuracy of the inverse NFT; therefore, it can find a range of applications beyond optical communications.
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