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Laverde R, Majekodunmi O, Park P, Udeigwe-Okeke CR, Yap A, Klazura G, Ukwu N, Bryce E, Ozgediz D, Ameh EA. Impact of new dedicated pediatric operating rooms on surgical volume in Africa: Evidence from Nigeria. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:161-166. [PMID: 36289035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a large unmet children's surgical need in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examines the impact of installing dedicated pediatric operating rooms (ORs) on surgical volume at National Hospital Abuja, a hospital in Abuja, Nigeria. METHODS A Non-Governmental Organization installed two pediatric ORs in August 2019. We assessed changes in volume from July 2018 to September 2021 using interrupted time series analysis. RESULTS Total surgical volume increased by 13 cases (p = 0.01) in 1-month post-installation, with elective operations making up 85% (p = 0.02) of cases. There was an increase in elective volume by about 1 case per month (p = 0.01) post-installation and the difference between pre-and post-trends was 1.23 cases per month (p = 0.009). The baseline volume of neonatal surgeries increased by 9 cases per month (p < 0.001) post-installation and this difference between pre- and post-trends was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Similarly, one-month post-installation, the cases classified as ASA class >2 increased by 14 (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between pre-and post-installation mortality rate at about 2% per month. CONCLUSIONS There were significant changes in surgical volume after OR installation, primarily composed of elective operations, reflecting an increased capacity to address surgical backlogs and/or perform more specialized surgeries. Despite a significant increase in volume and higher ASA class, there was no significant difference in mortality. This study supports the installation of surgical infrastructure in LMICs to strengthen capacity without increasing postoperative mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Laverde
- School of Medicine, University of California, 513 Parnassus Ave, Suite S-224, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia, University of California, 550 16th St, 3rd Floor, Box 1224, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Olubumni Majekodunmi
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, National Hospital, PO Box 187, FCT, Abuja, Garki, Nigeria
| | - Paul Park
- School of Medicine, University of California, 513 Parnassus Ave, Suite S-224, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia, University of California, 550 16th St, 3rd Floor, Box 1224, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chisom R Udeigwe-Okeke
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, National Hospital, PO Box 187, FCT, Abuja, Garki, Nigeria
| | - Ava Yap
- Center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia, University of California, 550 16th St, 3rd Floor, Box 1224, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-321, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Greg Klazura
- Center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia, University of California, 550 16th St, 3rd Floor, Box 1224, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy Ukwu
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, National Hospital, PO Box 187, FCT, Abuja, Garki, Nigeria
| | - Emma Bryce
- Kids Operating Room, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Doruk Ozgediz
- Center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia, University of California, 550 16th St, 3rd Floor, Box 1224, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Division of Paediatric Surgery, National Hospital, PO Box 187, FCT, Abuja, Garki, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel A Ameh
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, National Hospital, PO Box 187, FCT, Abuja, Garki, Nigeria
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Afolabi PR, Mohammed F, Amaratunga K, Majekodunmi O, Dales SL, Gill R, Thompson D, Cooper JB, Wood SP, Goodwin PM, Anthony C. Site-directed mutagenesis and X-ray crystallography of the PQQ-containing quinoprotein methanol dehydrogenase and its electron acceptor, cytochrome c(L). Biochemistry 2001; 40:9799-809. [PMID: 11502173 DOI: 10.1021/bi002932l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two proteins specifically involved in methanol oxidation in the methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens have been modified by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutation of the proposed active site base (Asp303) to glutamate in methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) gave an active enzyme (D303E-MDH) with a greatly reduced affinity for substrate and with a lower activation energy. Results of kinetic and deuterium isotope studies showed that the essential mechanism in the mutant protein was unchanged, and that the step requiring activation by ammonia remained rate limiting. No spectrally detectable intermediates could be observed during the reaction. The X-ray structure, determined to 3 A resolution, of D303E-MDH showed that the position and coordination geometry of the Ca2+ ion in the active site was altered; the larger Glu303 side chain was coordinated to the Ca2+ ion and also hydrogen bonded to the O5 atom of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). The properties and structure of the D303E-MDH are consistent with the previous proposal that the reaction in MDH is initiated by proton abstraction involving Asp303, and that the mechanism involves a direct hydride transfer reaction. Mutation of the two adjacent cysteine residues that make up the novel disulfide ring in the active site of MDH led to an inactive enzyme, confirming the essential role of this remarkable ring structure. Mutations of cytochrome c(L), which is the electron acceptor from MDH was used to identify Met109 as the sixth ligand to the heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Afolabi
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK
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Willis TG, Jadayel DM, Du MQ, Peng H, Perry AR, Abdul-Rauf M, Price H, Karran L, Majekodunmi O, Wlodarska I, Pan L, Crook T, Hamoudi R, Isaacson PG, Dyer MJ. Bcl10 is involved in t(1;14)(p22;q32) of MALT B cell lymphoma and mutated in multiple tumor types. Cell 1999; 96:35-45. [PMID: 9989495 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
MALT B cell lymphomas with t(1;14)(p22;q32) showed a recurrent breakpoint upstream of the promoter of a novel gene, Bcl10. Bcl10 is a cellular homolog of the equine herpesvirus-2 E10 gene: both contain an amino-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD) homologous to that found in several apoptotic molecules. Bcl10 and E10 activated NF-kappaB but caused apoptosis of 293 cells. Bcl10 expressed in a MALT lymphoma exhibited a frameshift mutation resulting in truncation distal to the CARD. Truncated Bcl10 activated NF-kappaB but did not induce apoptosis. Wild-type Bcl10 suppressed transformation, whereas mutant forms had lost this activity and displayed gain-of-function transforming activity. Similar mutations were detected in other tumor types, indicating that Bcl10 may be commonly involved in the pathogenesis of human malignancy.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- B-Cell CLL-Lymphoma 10 Protein
- Base Sequence
- COS Cells
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Expression
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Willis
- Academic Department of Haematology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
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