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Bimba JS, Adekeye OA, Iem V, Eliya TT, Osagie I, Kontogianni K, Edwards T, Dodd J, Squire SB, Creswell J, Cuevas LE. Pooling sputum samples for Xpert® MTB/RIF and Xpert® Ultra testing for TB diagnosis. Public Health Action 2023; 13:12-16. [PMID: 37152212 PMCID: PMC10162368 DOI: 10.5588/pha.22.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of molecular amplification as-says for TB diagnosis is limited by their costs and cartridge stocks. Pooling multiple samples to test them together is reported to have similar accuracy to individual testing and to save costs. METHODS Two surveys of individuals with presumptive TB were conducted to assess the performance of pooled testing using Xpert® MTB/RIF (MTB/RIF) and Xpert® Ultra (Ultra). RESULTS A total of 500 individuals were tested using MTB/RIF, with 72 (14.4%) being MTB-positive. The samples were tested in 125 pools, with 50 pools having ⩾1 MTB-positive and 75 only MTB-negative samples: 46/50 (92%, 95% CI 80.8-97.8) MTB-positive pools tested MTB-positive and 71/75 (94.7%, 95% CI 86.9-98.5) MTB-negative pools tested MTB-negative in the pooled test (agreement: 93.6%, κ = 0.867). Five hundred additional samples were tested using Ultra, with 60 (12%) being MTB-positive. Samples were tested in 125 pools, with 42 having ⩾1 MTB-positive and 83 only MTB-negative samples: 35/42 (83.6%, 95% CI 68.6-93.0) MTB-positive pools tested MTB-positive and 82/83 (98.8%, 95% CI 93.5-100.0) MTB-negative pools tested MTB-negative in the pooled test (agreement: 93.6%, κ = 0.851; P > 0.1 between individual and pooled testing). Pooled testing saved 35% (MTB/RIF) and 46% (Ultra) of cartridges. CONCLUSIONS Pooled and individual testing has a high level of agreement and improves testing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Bimba
- Zankli Research Centre, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria
| | - O A Adekeye
- Zankli Research Centre, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria
| | - V Iem
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - T T Eliya
- Zankli Research Centre, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria
| | - I Osagie
- Zankli Research Centre, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria
| | - K Kontogianni
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - T Edwards
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Dodd
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - S B Squire
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Creswell
- Stop TB Partnership, Innovations and Grants, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L E Cuevas
- Zankli Research Centre, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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Amoo EO, Adekola PO, Adesina E, Adekeye OA, Onayemi OO, Gberevbie MA. Young Single Widow, Dynamics of In-Laws Interference and Coping Mechanisms: Simplicity-Parsimony Approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191610117. [PMID: 36011751 PMCID: PMC9408779 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of short marital duration due to the demise of a husband that often exposes young widows to in-laws' exploitation of the asset of the deceased spouses, without regard for negative health consequences and potential vulnerability to poverty has not been exhaustively investigated, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where 16% of adult women are widows. The study examined the coping mechanisms among the young widow (aged ≤ 40) who have experienced short conjugal relationships (≤5 years) and burdensome from in-laws. The research design followed a qualitative approach with the aid of semi-structured in-depth interviews among 13 young widows selected through snowballing and informant-led approaches in the purposively selected communities. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and a thematic approach. The findings, among others, shows the median age of young widow as 29 years. All participants, except one, have faced exploitation from their in-laws over their husbands' assets. All the participants desired to re-marry in order to: have a father figure for their children, have their own children or have more children. There is an absence of government support, but a few have received support from religious organisations. The author proposed attitudinal-change campaigns targeting the in-laws through accessible media and legislature that could challenge the exploitation of widows and unhealthy widowhood rites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O. Amoo
- Demography and Social Statistics, College of Management and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota 112104, Nigeria
| | - Paul O. Adekola
- Demography and Social Statistics, College of Management and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota 112104, Nigeria
| | - Evaristus Adesina
- Department of Mass Communication, College of Management and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota 112104, Nigeria
| | - Olujide A. Adekeye
- Department of Psychology, College of Leadership and Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota 112104, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi O. Onayemi
- Department of Business Management, College of Management and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota 112104, Nigeria
| | - Marvellous A. Gberevbie
- Department of Business Management, College of Management and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota 112104, Nigeria
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Amoo E, Adekeye OA, Omumu F, Akinpelu OO, Ajayi MP, Olawande T, Adeusi SO. Drug Use and High-risk Sexual Behavior among School-Going Adolescents in Nigeria. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2020.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sexual risk behavior and drug abuse among adolescents and youths remained perpetual topical issues of focus in most developmental programs related to developing countries, especially in Nigeria, where the school-going adolescents constitute more than half of the youths. The high level of teenage pregnancy and sexual violence such as abuses and other harmful trajectories including STIs and HIV is increasingly reported than the pre-2000s.
AIM: This study focuses on underscoring the variation in risky sexual behavior among school-going users and non-users of drugs. It also analyzed the predisposing factors of drug use among school-going adolescents in Nigeria.
METHODS: In combination with problem behavior theory, the research draws data (n = 11,799) from the 2012 National HIV and AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS Plus II) collated by the Federal Ministry of Health in Nigeria with support from the Department for International Development and United States Agency for International Development, to underscore the self-reported sexual risk behavior among students who are users and non-users of drugs.
RESULTS: The result revealed that 32.5% (male) and 33.4% (female) use drugs. More than half of the respondents reported that they have engaged in sexual intercourse, 27.3% (male) and 31.8% (female) have had ≥2 lifetime sexual partners. There is higher odds ratio (OR) of risky sexual behavior among students that have ever used drugs or taken alcohol (OR = 2.2, 95% CI [1.8–2.8]) for male and (OR = 2.1, 95% CI [0.83–2.03]) for female.
CONCLUSION: The study concludes that continued exposure of school-going youths to drugs or alcohol may pose serious challenge of risky sexual behavior and also severe threat to initiatives on zero new HIV infections or zero new AIDS death in Nigeria. The authors recommend that campaign to discourage drug or alcohol use should be intensified and introduced to all schools.
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Ajayi MP, Amoo EO, Olawande TI, Iruonagbe TC, Idowu AE, Adekeye OA. Awareness of Breast and Cervical Cancer among Women in the Informal Sector in Nigeria. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2371-2376. [PMID: 31592066 PMCID: PMC6765098 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There are no general consensuses on why the lifetime risk of dying from breast and cervical cancer in African is several times higher than that of developed countries. However, a notable window of opportunity for prevention and treatment are often wasted where there are little or no awareness and low level of screening. AIM: To specifically highlight the awareness, knowledge and determinants of participation in the screening exercise for possible prevention or control of the diseases. To also provide insights on the development of contextual and relevant timely detection for effective early interventions. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in southern and northern geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The respondents, which consisted of 1,023 women aged 15-49 years, completed a 116-item questionnaire assessing the correlation between cancer awareness and participation in screening. Nineteen, In-depth interviews were also conducted for this study. The outcome measured included awareness of breast and cervical cancer, how it can be prevented or detected, and the availability and actual participation in screening exercises. RESULTS: While women are familiar with breast cancer, little is known about cervical cancer, and the awareness of the former is not correlated with participation in screening. The lack of enthusiasm to seek screening exercise is rooted in three key factors: lack of specific information, belief, economic and inadequate screening facilities. CONCLUSION: The study thus recommends that policies and programs aimed at the breast and cervical cancers awareness and early intervention should address the underlying problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel O Amoo
- Demography and Social Statistics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Tomike I Olawande
- Department of Sociology, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Tunde C Iruonagbe
- Department of Sociology, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adenike E Idowu
- Department of Sociology, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olujide A Adekeye
- Department of Psychology, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Adekeye OA, Omumu F, Chenube OO, Amoo EO, Adeusi SO, Solarin MA. Public College Students’ Perception of Underage Drinking In Nigeria: Analysis of Current Issues. Glob J Health Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v11n7p164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alcohol is the most widely used substance of abuse among youths in Nigerian. Currently, underage drinking has become a serious public health problem in most colleges and despite the health and safety risk, consumption of alcohol is rising. Having recourse to the public health objective on alcohol by the World Health organization, which is to reduce the health burden caused by the harmful use of alcohol, thereby saving lives and reducing injuries, this study explored the nature of alcohol use among college students, binge drinking and the consequences of alcohol consumption. Secondary school students are in a transition developmentally and this comes with its debilitating effects such as risky alcohol use which affects their health and educational attainment (Loukas, Cance, & Batanova, 2016; Adekeye, 2012).
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 809 college students (ages 14–20 years) using the research survey method. For data collection, an adapted and validated version of the youth questionnaire on underage drinking was employed.
RESULTS: Bivariate analysis found that more male students consume beer and spirits while wine was the reported preference of female students. Heavy episodic drinking (HED) was discovered among few male students while 50.2% of the sample had their first drink between ages 14 and 17. 81% of the sample had ever drank alcohol while more than half (65%) of the sample consume alcohol once in a month. Further analyses show prevalence of alcohol consumption, strategies to reducing alcohol use, reasons for underage drinking and effects of alcohol consumption.
CONCLUSIONS: A majority of underage students supported increasing efforts to control underage drinking. The students reported that an effective approach to decreasing alcohol use could be public presentations by people who have been seriously hurt or impaired by alcohol use. This will be a veritable public health intervention.
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Adekeye OA, Amoo EO, Adeusi SO, Chenube OO, Ahmadu F, Idoko J. Dataset on perception of public college students on underage drinking in Nigeria. Data Brief 2019; 24:103930. [PMID: 31080852 PMCID: PMC6502769 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is the most widely used substance of abuse among youths in Nigeria. Underage drinking poses a serious public health problem in most colleges and despite the health and safety risk, consumption of alcohol is rising. Having recourse to the public health objective on alcohol by the World Health organization, which is to reduce the health burden caused by the harmful use of alcohol, thereby saving live and reducing injuries, this data article explored the nature of alcohol use among college students, binge drinking and the consequences of alcohol consumption. Secondary school students are in a transition developmentally and this comes with its debilitating effects such as risky alcohol use which affects their health and educational attainment [1], [2]. This data article consists of data obtained from 809 (ages 14-20 years) participants from selected schools in Ota, near Lagos State, Nigeria. For data collection, the youth questionnaire on underage drinking was employed. This data article presents information on participants' alcohol demographics. Analyses of the data can provide insights into heavy episodic drinking (HED), ever drinkers, prevalence of alcohol consumption, strategies to reducing alcohol use, reasons for underage drinking and effects of alcohol consumption. The data will be useful for public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olujide A. Adekeye
- Covenant University, Department of Psychology, Ota, Nigeria
- Covenant University Counselling Centre, Ota, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Emmanuel O. Amoo
- Covenant University, Department of Demography & Social Statistics, Ota, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Idoko
- Covenant University Counselling Centre, Ota, Nigeria
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Adekeye OA, Odukoya JA, Chenube O, Igbokwe DO, Igbinoba A, Olowookere EI. Subjective Experiences and Meaning Associated with Drug Use and Addiction in Nigeria: A Mixed Method Approach. Glob J Health Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v9n8p57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Nigeria is experiencing increased rate of drug use among young people. Studies have shown a very high rate of drug use and addiction among university undergraduates and this study was aimed at examining the experiences and meanings associated with drug abuse and addiction among university students while also identifying the causative factors of the use of psychoactive substances.METHODS: The study which is a mixed method made use of an adapted and validated version of the drug abuse screening test (DAST-10) scale to measure drug use and emotional intelligence questionnaire was used to measure an aspect of psychosocial functioning and interviews were used to explore the subjective experiences of six participants. Both the purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were employed. The quantitative data generated were coded and entered into the statistical package for social sciences and results were presented using descriptive tables.RESULTS: The results showed no significant relationship and a negative correlation between drug abuse and emotional intelligence (r = -0.229, p> 0.05). The qualitative data was transcribed and coded using thematic coding where themes are extracted from each transcript. The most commonly used substances were codeine (85%), alcohol (75%), cannabis (70%), tramadol (65%), rohypnol (65%), and tobacco (50%). Qualitative data shows that the participants exercised some sort of willpower over the use of psychoactive substances and the major reason for use was to seek a new experience.CONCLUSION: This study brought to the fore the evidence that personal meanings and experiences come into play in taking decisions on drinking or substance use and this should be considered when interventions are planned.
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