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Jayarajan S, Sethi S, Awasthi OP, Sharma A, Bukvički D. Synergistic Influence of Melatonin-Hydrocolloid Coating on Decay and Senescence of Nectarine ( Prunus persica var. nucipersica) during Supermarket Storage Conditions. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:822. [PMID: 38592840 PMCID: PMC10974631 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Nectarines have remarkable nutritional value, low caloric content, and are rich in antioxidants. However, despite substantial local and global demand, their susceptibility to rapid spoilage during peak summer harvest is limited. To address this issue, the current study investigated the potential benefits of using melatonin (MLT), an antioxidant biomolecule, in combination with edible hydrocolloid coatings like carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and gum Arabic (G.A.) on 'Snow Queen' nectarine fruits. The nectarines were treated with various combinations of coatings, including 1% and 1.5% CMC, 8% and 10% G.A., and 0.1 mM melatonin. These coated and non-coated samples were stored under standard supermarket conditions (18 ± 1 °C, 85-90% R.H.) for 16 days. The outcomes demonstrated that the most effective treatment was the combination of 1% CMC with 0.1 mM melatonin. This treatment significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the rate of respiration, curbed fruit decay by approximately 95%, minimized weight loss by around 42%, and maintained approximately 39% higher levels of total phenol content and roughly 30% greater antioxidant (AOX) activity. These positive effects were accompanied by preserved firmness and overall quality attributes. Moreover, the treatment extended the shelf life to 16 days through retarding senescence and suppressing the activities of lipoxygenase (LOX) and pectin methylesterase (PME), all without compromising the functional qualities of the nectarine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruthi Jayarajan
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
- Amity Institute of Horticulture Studies & Research, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Shruti Sethi
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Om Prakash Awasthi
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Danka Bukvički
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden ‘Jevremovac’, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Panzade KP, Tribhuvan KU, Pawar DV, Jasrotia RS, Gaikwad K, Dalal M, Kumar RR, Singh MP, Awasthi OP, Padaria JC. Discovering the regulators of heat stress tolerance in Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f) wight and walk.-arn. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2024; 30:497-511. [PMID: 38633271 PMCID: PMC11018567 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Ziziphus nummularia an elite heat-stress tolerant shrub, grows in arid regions of desert. However, its molecular mechanism responsible for heat stress tolerance is unexplored. Therefore, we analysed whole transcriptome of Jaisalmer (heat tolerant) and Godhra (heat sensitive) genotypes of Z. nummularia to understand its molecular mechanism responsible for heat stress tolerance. De novo assembly of 16,22,25,052 clean reads yielded 276,029 transcripts. A total of 208,506 unigenes were identified which contains 4290 and 1043 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in TGO (treated Godhra at 42 °C) vs. CGO (control Godhra) and TJR (treated Jaisalmer at 42 °C) vs. CJR (control Jaisalmer), respectively. A total of 987 (67 highly enriched) and 754 (34 highly enriched) pathways were obsorved in CGO vs. TGO and CJR vs. TJR, respectively. Antioxidant pathways and TFs like Homeobox, HBP, ARR, PHD, GRAS, CPP, and E2FA were uniquely observed in Godhra genotype and SET domains were uniquely observed in Jaisalmer genotype. Further transposable elements were highly up-regulated in Godhra genotype but no activation in Jaisalmer genotype. A total of 43,093 and 39,278 simple sequence repeats were identified in the Godhra and Jaisalmer genotypes, respectively. A total of 10 DEGs linked to heat stress were validated in both genotypes for their expression under different heat stresses using quantitative real-time PCR. Comparing expression patterns of the selected DEGs identified ClpB1 as a potential candidate gene for heat tolerance in Z. nummularia. Here we present first characterized transcriptome of Z. nummularia in response to heat stress for the identification and characterization of heat stress-responsive genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01431-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Prabhakar Panzade
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012 Delhi India
- PG School, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 Delhi India
| | - Kishor U. Tribhuvan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834 003 India
| | - Deepak V. Pawar
- ICAR- Directorate of Weed Research, Maharajpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482004 India
| | - Rahul Singh Jasrotia
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012 Delhi India
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012 Delhi India
- PG School, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 Delhi India
| | - Monika Dalal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012 Delhi India
- PG School, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 Delhi India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 Delhi India
- PG School, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 Delhi India
| | - Madan Pal Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agrcultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 Delhi India
- PG School, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 Delhi India
| | - Om Prakash Awasthi
- Division of Horticulture, ICAR-Indian Agrcultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 Delhi India
- PG School, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 Delhi India
| | - Jasdeep Chatrath Padaria
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012 Delhi India
- PG School, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 Delhi India
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Murugan T, Awasthi OP, Singh SK, Chawla G, Solanke AU, Kumar S, Jha GK. Molecular and histological validation of modified in ovulo nucellus culture based high-competency direct somatic embryogenesis and amplitude true-to-the-type plantlet recovery in Kinnow mandarin. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1116151. [PMID: 36968388 PMCID: PMC10031028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Kinnow (Citrus nobilis Lour. × Citrus deliciosa Ten.) needs to be genetically improved for traits such as seedlessness using biotechnological tools. Indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE) protocols have been reported for citrus improvement. However, its use is restricted due to frequent occurrences of somaclonal variation and low recovery of plantlets. Direct somatic embryogenesis (DSE) using nucellus culture has played a significant role in apomictic fruit crops. However, its application in citrus is limited due to the injury caused to tissues during isolation. Optimization of the explant developmental stage, explant preparation method, and modification in the in vitro culture techniques can play a vital role in overcoming the limitation. The present investigation deals with a modified in ovulo nucellus culture technique after the concurrent exclusion of preexisting embryos. The ovule developmental events were examined in immature fruits at different stages of fruit growth (stages I-VII). The ovules of stage III fruits (>21-25 mm in diameter) were found appropriate for in ovulo nucellus culture. Optimized ovule size induced somatic embryos at the micropylar cut end on induction medium containing Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) basal medium with kinetin (KIN) 5.0 mg L-1 and malt extract (ME) 1,000 mg L-1. Simultaneously, the same medium supported the maturation of somatic embryos. The matured embryos from the above medium gave robust germination with bipolar conversion on Murashige and Tucker (MT) medium + gibberellic acid (GA3) 2.0 mg L-1 + ά-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0.5 mg L-1 + spermidine 100 mg L-1 + coconut water (CW) 10% (v/v). The bipolar germinated seedlings established well upon preconditioning in a plant bio regulator (PBR)-free liquid medium under the light. Consequently, a cent percent survival of emblings was achieved on a potting medium containing cocopeat:vermiculite:perlite (2:1:1). Histological studies confirmed the single nucellus cell origin of somatic embryos by undergoing normal developmental events. Eight polymorphic Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers confirmed the genetic stability of acclimatized emblings. Since the protocol can induce rapid single-cell origin of genetically stable in vitro regenerants in high frequency, it has potential for the induction of solid mutants, besides crop improvement, mass multiplication, gene editing, and virus elimination in Kinnow mandarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theivanai Murugan
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Om Prakash Awasthi
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Chawla
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amolkumar U. Solanke
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Girish Kumar Jha
- Discipline of Agricultural Statistics, Division of Agricultural Economics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Gaur Rudra S, Singh S, H. H, Bollinedi H, Singh KN, Nain L, Singh S, Awasthi OP. Anthocyanin‐rich fruit vinegar from Grewia and Cantaloupe fruit blends. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Gaur Rudra
- Division of Food Science and Post‐harvest Technology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi110012 DelhiIndia
| | - Sunita Singh
- Division of Food Science and Post‐harvest Technology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi110012 DelhiIndia
| | - Harish H.
- Division of Food Science and Post‐harvest Technology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi110012 DelhiIndia
| | - Haritha Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi110012 DelhiIndia
| | - Kamalesh Narain Singh
- Division of Forecasting and Systems Modeling ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute New Delhi110012 DelhiIndia
| | - Lata Nain
- Department of Microbiology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi110012 DelhiIndia
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi110012 DelhiIndia
- Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh Haryana 123031 India
| | - Om Prakash Awasthi
- Division of Fruit Science ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi110012 DelhiIndia
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Sharma RR, Awasthi OP, Kumar K. Pattern of phenolic content, antioxidant activity and senescence-related enzymes in granulated vs non-granulated juice-sacs of 'Kinnow' mandarin (Citrus nobilis x C. deliciosa). J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:1525-30. [PMID: 27570277 PMCID: PMC4984722 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
'Kinnow' is a hybrid mandarin, developed at California (USA) but could not become successful there. However, it revolutionized citrus industry in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Recent reports indicate that like other citrus fruits, it also suffers from juice-sac granulation but exact cause of this malady is not known. Fully-mature 'Kinnow' fruits were harvested and observations on some physical and biochemical attributes were recorded and their relationship was established with occurrence of granulation. About 12.8 % 'Kinnow' fruits were affected by juice-sac granulation. Granulated fruits had higher average weight (178 ± 2.26 g), peel thickness (3.72 ± 0.23 mm), and less soluble solids concentrates (7.4 ± 0.21 %) than non-granulated fruits. Granulated fruits exhibited lower concentrations of total phenolics compounds (4.3 ± 0.56 mg 100(-1) g gallic acid equivalent fresh weigh) and antioxidants activity (1.78 ± 0.29 μmol Trolox g(-1) FW) but produced higher rates of carbon dioxide and ethylene, and exhibited higher activities of senescent-related enzymes such as lipoxygenase (LOX) (1.3 ± 0.31 μmoles min(-1) g(-1) FW) and pectin methylesterase (PME) (0.52 ± 0.12 μmol of NaOH g(-1) FW min(-1)) and had strong relationships with the occurrence of granulation. From this study, it can be concluded that total phenolics compounds, antioxidants and PAL enzyme activity have strongly negative co-relation; whereas, senescent-related enzymes such as LOX, and PME and rates of respiration or ethylene evolution have strongly positive relationships with the occurrence of granulation in 'Kinnow' mandarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Sharma
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - O P Awasthi
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
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Awasthi OP, Sharma E, Palni LM. Stemflow: A Source of Nutrients in some Naturally Growing Epiphytic Orchids of the Sikkim Himalaya. Ann Bot 1995; 75:5-11. [PMID: 21247907 PMCID: PMC3023664 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-7364(05)80003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/1994] [Accepted: 07/05/1994] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A study on five naturally growing epiphytic orchids viz., Bulbophyllum affine Lindl., Coelogyne ochracea Lindl., Otochilus porrecta Lindl., Cirrhopetalum cornutum Lindl. and C. cornutum (var.) was carried out in the subtropical belt of Sikkim Himalaya. Stemflow leachates formed the main source of ammonium-N and nitrate-N for uptake by these orchids. Phosphorus concentration in the tissues of these orchids was high. Phosphate-P from stemflow does not seem to be a regular source of phosphorus for these orchids. Absorption/desorption results indicate that organic-N from stemflow leachates is not utilized by these orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Awasthi
- G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Sikkim Unit, P.O. Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim-737 102, India
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