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Badr-Eldin SM, Aldawsari HM, Alhakamy NA, Fahmy UA, Ahmed OAA, Neamatallah T, Tima S, Almaghrabi RH, Alkudsi FM, Alamoudi AA, Alzahrani AA, Kotta S, Al-hejaili OD. Merging Experimental Design and Nanotechnology for the Development of Optimized Simvastatin Spanlastics: A Promising Combined Strategy for Augmenting the Suppression of Various Human Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1024. [PMID: 35631609 PMCID: PMC9143367 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin (SMV) is an antihyperlipidemic agent that has been investigated as a possible anti-cancer agent. An obstacle to malignant tumor therapy using drugs is the delivery of adequate levels to the cancer cells while minimizing side effects following their systemic administration. To circumvent this challenge, the researchers directed towards the field of nanotechnology to benefit from the nano-size of the formulation in passively targeting the tumor cells. Thus, our study aimed at investigating the potential of a combined mixture-process variable design for optimization of SMV spanlastics (SMV-SPNs) with minimized particle size and maximized zeta potential to enhance the anticancer activity of the drug. The study investigated the effects of Span® 20 and Tween® 80 as mixture components and sonication time as a process variable on particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential as responses. SPNs were prepared using an ethanol injection method. Combining the predicted optimized variables' levels is supposed to achieve the set goals with a desirability of 0.821. The optimized spanlastics exhibited a measured globule size of 128.50 nm, PDI of 0.329, and ZP of -29.11 mV. The percentage relative error between predicted responses and the observed ones were less than 5% for the three responses, indicating the optimization technique credibility. A significant improvement in the cytotoxicity of the optimized formulation against three different cancerous cell lines was observed in comparison with SMV. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of MCF-7, HCT-116, and HEPG2 were found to be 0.89, 0.39, and 0.06 μM at 24 h incubation. The enhanced cytotoxicity could be assigned to the possible improved permeation and preferential build-up within the cancerous cells by virtue of the minimized size. These findings imply that SMV-SPNs could be an ideal strategy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thikryat Neamatallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Singkome Tima
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Raghad H. Almaghrabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
| | - Fayda M. Alkudsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
| | - Asmaa A. Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
| | - Amjad A. Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
| | - Sabna Kotta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar D. Al-hejaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
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Alhakamy NA, Okbazghi SZ, A. Alfaleh M, H. Abdulaal W, Bakhaidar RB, Alselami MO, Zahrani MAL, Alqarni HM, F. Alghaith A, Alshehri S, Badr-Eldin SM, Aldawsari HM, Al-hejaili OD, Aldhabi BM, Mahdi WA. Wasp venom peptide improves the proapoptotic activity of alendronate sodium in A549 lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264093. [PMID: 35202419 PMCID: PMC8872391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer in men and women is considered the leading cause for cancer-related mortality worldwide. Anti-cancer peptides represent a potential untapped reservoir of effective cancer therapy. METHODOLOGY Box-Behnken response surface design was applied for formulating Alendronate sodium (ALS)-mastoparan peptide (MP) nanoconjugates using Design-Expert software. The optimization process aimed at minimizing the size of the prepared ALS-MP nanoconjugates. ALS-MP nanoconjugates' particle size, encapsulation efficiency and the release profile were determined. Cytotoxicity, cell cycle, annexin V staining and caspase 3 analyses on A549 cells were carried out for the optimized formula. RESULTS The results revealed that the optimized formula was of 134.91±5.1 nm particle size. The novel ALS-MP demonstrated the lowest IC50 (1.3 ± 0.34 μM) in comparison to ALS-Raw (37.6 ± 1.79 μM). Thus, the results indicated that when optimized ALS-MP nanoconjugate was used, the IC50 of ALS was also reduced by half. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of cells in the G2-M phase following the treatment with optimized ALS-MP nanoconjugates. CONCLUSION The optimized ALS-MP formula had significantly improved the parameters related to the cytotoxic activity towards A549 cells, compared to control, MP and ALS-Raw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Solomon Z. Okbazghi
- Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana B. Bakhaidar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed O. Alselami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed AL Zahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani M. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel F. Alghaith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Almaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar D. Al-hejaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bander M. Aldhabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A. Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-hejaili OD, Alamoudi AA, Ahmed OAA, El-Say KM. Transdermal Film Loaded with Avanafil Ultra-deformable Nanovesicles to Enhance its Percutaneous Absorption and Bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:46. [PMID: 34984577 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro dissolution of Avanafil (AVA) is the rate-limiting step for its bioavailability. Also, it undergoes the first-pass metabolism, and its absorption is altered significantly in the presence of food. So, our study aimed to overcome the previous hurdles and improve the AVA bioavailability by its incorporation in the ultra-deformable nanovesicles, transfersomes (TRF), then loading these nanovesicles in transdermal films. The AVA-loaded TRF formulation was optimized using Draper-Lin small composite design (D-LSCD). The optimized AVA-loaded TRF was evaluated for quality attributes and assessed for skin permeation using a fluorescence laser microscope and for pharmacokinetic parameters after topical application on the rats. The optimized AVA-loaded TRF showed a vesicle size of 97.75 nm, a zeta potential of -28.83 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 95.14% with good deformability and release profile. The intense discoloration in the deep skin layers of the rats indicated the permeation efficiency of AVA-loaded TRF films. The pharmacokinetic parameters specified the augmented absorption extent with Cmax of 254.66 ± 8.02 ng/mlversus 70.33 ± 3.05 ng/ml which reflected on the AUC0-inf that has a value of 2050.45 ± 159.14 ng/ml h versus 497.34 ± 102.61 ng/ml h for the optimized AVA-loaded TRF film and raw AVA-loaded film, respectively. These promising results wide open the field for broader clinical application of this alternative delivery pathway for superior bioavailability, efficacy, and patient compliance and satisfaction.
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Alhakamy NA, Badr-Eldin SM, Alharbi WS, Alfaleh MA, Al-hejaili OD, Aldawsari HM, Eid BG, Bakhaidar R, Drago F, Caraci F, Caruso G. Development of an Icariin-Loaded Bilosome-Melittin Formulation with Improved Anticancer Activity against Cancerous Pancreatic Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121309. [PMID: 34959710 PMCID: PMC8703505 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer currently represents a severe issue for the entire world. Therefore, much effort has been made to develop an effective treatment against it. Emerging evidence has shown that icariin, a flavonoid glycoside, is an effective anti-pancreatic cancer drug. Melittin, as a natural active biomolecule, has also shown to possess anticancer activities. In the present study, with the aim to increase its effectiveness against cancerous cells, icariin-loaded bilosome-melittin (ICA-BM) was developed. For the selection of an optimized ICA-BM, an experimental design was implemented, which provided an optimized formulation with a particle size equal to 158.4 nm. After estimation of the release pattern, the anti-pancreatic cancer efficacy of this new formulation was evaluated. The MTT assay was employed for the determination of half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), providing smaller IC50 for ICA-BM (2.79 ± 0.2 µM) compared to blank-BM and ICA-Raw (free drug) against PNAC1, a human pancreatic cancer cell line isolated from a pancreatic carcinoma of ductal cell origin. Additionally, cell cycle analysis for ICA-BM demonstrated cell arrest at the S-phase and pre-G1 phase, which indicated a pro-apoptotic behavior of the new developed formulation. The pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative activity of the optimized ICA-BM against PNAC1 cells was also demonstrated through annexin V staining as well as estimation of caspase-3 and p53 protein levels. It can be concluded that the optimized ICA-BM formulation significantly improved the efficacy of icariin against cancerous pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (W.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (O.D.A.-h.); (H.M.A.); (R.B.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (W.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (O.D.A.-h.); (H.M.A.); (R.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Waleed S. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (W.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (O.D.A.-h.); (H.M.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (W.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (O.D.A.-h.); (H.M.A.); (R.B.)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar D. Al-hejaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (W.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (O.D.A.-h.); (H.M.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (W.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (O.D.A.-h.); (H.M.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Basma G. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rana Bakhaidar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (W.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (O.D.A.-h.); (H.M.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (G.C.)
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