1
|
Hammam RF, Alshimy AM, Elabd OM, Elabd AM. Effect of Extracorporeal shock wave on upper trapezius trigger points in patients with cervicogenic headache: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2024:00002060-990000000-00467. [PMID: 38630838 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000002491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recent study was designed to ascertain the impact of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on upper trapezius trigger points in cervicogenic headaches patients. DESIGN A double-blinded randomized controlled trial study, in which 50 participants (11 male and 39 female) aged between 20-40 with cervicogenic headache were subdivided with randomization to group (A), which received traditional physical therapy and sham shock wave therapy, and group (B), which received traditional physical therapy and actual shock wave therapy. All assessments were performed by a therapist before and after the treatment program (four weeks). RESULTS Significant improvement of headache disability index, visual analogue scale scores, and upper trapezius electromyographic characteristics with p-value <.05 in both groups, in favor of the shock wave group. CONCLUSION Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) could be used for clinical and research concerns because it's positive effects on pain suppression, reduction of headache intensity, and restoration of muscle regular activity in cervicogenic headache patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radwa F Hammam
- Basic Science Department, Modern University for Technology and Information, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Alshimy
- Department of Neurology and it's Surgery - Faculty of Physical Therapy - Al Ryada University for Science and Technology. Egypt
| | | | - Aliaa M Elabd
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Benha University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Torad AA, Ahmed MM, Elabd OM, El-Shamy FF, Alajam RA, Amin WM, Alfaifi BH, Elabd AM. Identifying Predictors of Neck Disability in Patients with Cervical Pain Using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1967. [PMID: 38610732 PMCID: PMC11012682 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Neck pain intensity, psychosocial factors, and physical function have been identified as potential predictors of neck disability. Machine learning algorithms have shown promise in classifying patients based on their neck disability status. So, the current study was conducted to identify predictors of neck disability in patients with neck pain based on clinical findings using machine learning algorithms. (2) Methods: Ninety participants with chronic neck pain took part in the study. Demographic characteristics in addition to neck pain intensity, the neck disability index, cervical spine contour, and surface electromyographic characteristics of the axioscapular muscles were measured. Participants were categorised into high disability and low disability groups based on the median value (22.2) of their neck disability index scores. Several regression and classification machine learning models were trained and assessed using a 10-fold cross-validation method; also, MANCOVA was used to compare between the two groups. (3) Results: The multilayer perceptron (MLP) revealed the highest adjusted R2 of 0.768, while linear discriminate analysis showed the highest receiver characteristic operator (ROC) area under the curve of 0.91. Pain intensity was the most important feature in both models with the highest effect size of 0.568 with p < 0.001. (4) Conclusions: The study findings provide valuable insights into pain as the most important predictor of neck disability in patients with cervical pain. Tailoring interventions based on pain can improve patient outcomes and potentially prevent or reduce neck disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Torad
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Kafrelsheik University, Kafrelsheik 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Ahmed
- Department of Physical Therapy, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (W.M.A.); (B.H.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Omar M. Elabd
- Department of Orthopedics and Its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt;
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 11191, Jordan
| | - Fayiz F. El-Shamy
- Department of Physical Therapy for Women Health, Kafrelsheikh University, Karfelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Ramzi A. Alajam
- Department of Physical Therapy, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (W.M.A.); (B.H.A.)
| | - Wafaa Mahmoud Amin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (W.M.A.); (B.H.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Bsmah H. Alfaifi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (W.M.A.); (B.H.A.)
| | - Aliaa M. Elabd
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elabd OM, Alghadir AH, Ibrahim AR, Hasan S, Rizvi MR, Sharma A, Iqbal A, Elabd AM. Functional outcomes of accelerated rehabilitation protocol for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in amateur athletes: a randomized clinical trial. J Rehabil Med 2024; 56:jrm12296. [PMID: 38385715 PMCID: PMC10910537 DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v56.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is the most common knee injury among athletes, and can result in long-term complications and career-ending conditions for sportspeople. There is no consensus in the literature on the effectiveness of rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction, or the best protocol to follow for functional outcome improvement. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of an accelerated rehabilitation protocol on knee functional outcomes in amateur athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). DESIGN Two-arm, parallel-group randomized comparative design. PATIENTS A total of 100 amateur male athletes (mean age 22.01 ± 1.79 years) with ACLR were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n = 50/group). METHODS An accelerated rehabilitation protocol and a conventional rehabilitation protocol were used for the experimental group. In contrast, only the conventional rehabilitation protocol was used for the control group. The rehabilitation was delivered in 5 weekly sessions for 22 weeks. The primary outcome measure, knee pain, was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Extensive test batteries, for hop tests, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and knee effusion, were measured, aiming to add more objective criteria to determine functional performance. RESULTS Both groups (n = 50/group) were well-matched (p = 0.816), with insignificant differences in their demographic characteristics (p > 0.05). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test showed no significant difference between the 2 groups (p = 0.781) at baseline. A 2-way MANOVA (2 × 2 MANOVA) of within- and between-group variations indicated overall significant treatment, time, and treatment × time interaction effects (p < 0.001) in favour of the accelerated rehabilitation group. CONCLUSION The accelerated rehabilitation protocol was more effective in improving functional outcomes than a conventional rehabilitation protocol in amateur athletes with ACLR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Elabd
- Department of Orthopedics and its Surgeries, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer R Ibrahim
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt; Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Hasan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moattar R Rizvi
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute and Studies (MRIIRS), Faridabad, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute and Studies (MRIIRS), Faridabad, India
| | - Amir Iqbal
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aliaa M Elabd
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Benha University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elabd OM, Etoom M, Jahan AM, Elabd AM, Khedr AM, Elgohary HM. The Efficacy of Muscle Energy and Mulligan Mobilization Techniques for the Upper Extremities and Posture after Breast Cancer Surgery with Axillary Dissection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2024; 13:980. [PMID: 38398293 PMCID: PMC10889574 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13040980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer surgeries affect the upper extremities and posture. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of muscle energy and Mulligan mobilization techniques on the upper extremities and posture after breast cancer surgery with axillary dissection. Methods: A total of 90 female participants who had undergone breast cancer surgery with axillary dissection were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups. Group A received a combination of the Mulligan and muscle energy techniques, while Groups B and C received either the Mulligan or muscle energy techniques for six weeks, respectively. The study measured the shoulders' range of motion, posture, and upper-extremity disabilities. Outcome measurements were taken at three different time points: baseline, post-intervention, and at eight-week follow-up. Results: All the interventions significantly improved the study outcomes. The combination of the Mulligan and muscle energy techniques was significantly better than a single intervention. Mulligan mobilization was superior to the muscle energy techniques in terms of improving the shoulders' range of motion and disability. The interventions showed a significant effect pre-post-treatment and pre-follow-up but not post-follow-up. Conclusions: The Mulligan mobilization and muscle energy techniques have been found beneficial in improving the postural changes and shoulder outcomes after breast cancer surgery with axillary dissection. The superior effectiveness of the combined interventions points out the importance of integrating multiple therapeutic approaches for optimal outcomes. Regular examination and long-term follow-up assessment are important for studying the effect of rehabilitation interventions in people after the late stages of breast surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar M. Elabd
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 11191, Jordan;
- Department of Physical Therapy for Orthopedics and Its Surgeries, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Etoom
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Alhadi M. Jahan
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada;
| | - Aliaa M. Elabd
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt;
| | - Alaa M. Khedr
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt;
| | - Hany M. Elgohary
- Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elabd AM, Elabd OM. Effect of aerobic exercises on patients with chronic mechanical low back pain: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 37:379-385. [PMID: 38432832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP) is one of the most prevalent and costly disorders. Determining its most effective treatment approach is a priority for researchers. PURPOSE To examine the effects of including aerobic exercise within a conventional therapy regimen for young adults with CMLBP. METHODS Fifty CMLBP patients (22 males and 28 females) were randomly and equally assigned to one of two groups to receive the prescribed treatment for 8 weeks. The control group received the traditional program only (infrared, ultrasound, burst TENS, and exercises); for the experimental group, an aerobic training program using a stationary bicycle was added. Back pain intensity was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the Oswestry disability index, back extensor endurance measured by the Sorensen test, and physical performance indicated by the back performance scale and the 6-min walk test. A Two-way MANOVA was used for data analysis. RESULTS Multivariate tests revealed statistically significant effects of group (p = 0.002, partial η2 = 0.182), time (p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.928), and group-by-time interaction (p = 0.01, partial η2 = 0.149). Univariate group-by-time interactions were significant for back disability (p = 0.043), extensor endurance (p = 0.023) and results of the 6-min walk test (p = 0.023) showing greater improvement in the experimental group. However, back pain intensity and the back performance scale revealed no significant group-by-time interactions. Within-group comparisons were significant for all measured variables in both groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although a traditional program of infrared, ultrasound, TENS, and exercises is beneficial for CMLBP treatment, adding aerobic exercises to the program leads to more beneficial outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa M Elabd
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Benha University, Egypt; Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Omar M Elabd
- Department of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt; Department of Physical Therapy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elabd OM, Elabd AM. Functional outcomes of a criterion-based rehabilitation protocol for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in amateur athletes: A randomised clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 35:7-13. [PMID: 37330806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although current rehabilitation protocols following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are based on the graft remodeling process, there is uncertainty about its time schedule. Moreover, there are individual differences in neuromotor learning and flexibility after ACLR. The current study was conducted to investigate the functional outcomes of the criterion-based rehabilitation protocol in amateur athletes following ACLR. METHODS Fifty amateur male athletes who had ACLR were assigned randomly into two equal groups. The experimental group received a criterion-based rehabilitation protocol. The control group received a conventional physical therapy program. Both groups had five treatment sessions per week for six months. The primary outcome was pain intensity measured by VAS. Secondary outcomes included functional assessments measured by the limb symmetry index (LSI) of the hop test battery, knee effusion, and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). RESULTS Mixed-design-MANOVA indicated significant treatment, time, and treatment × time interaction. The interaction was significant for all outcome measures in favor of subjects who received a criterion-based rehabilitation protocol. Within-group analysis revealed a significant reduction in pain in both groups and improvements in all variables related to the KOOS or LSI of the hop test battery. Knee effusion was significantly reduced post-treatment in patients who received a criterion-based protocol when compared to their controls. CONCLUSIONS Although application of a criterion-based rehabilitation protocol for 6 months after ACLR is more effective than a conventional program, its duration should be expanded beyond this period to allow patients to reach their return to play goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Elabd
- Department of Orthopedics and Its Surgeries, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Aliaa M Elabd
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Benha University, Egypt; Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elabd OM, El Nahass BG, Ibrahim MM. Pathological gait in partial foot amputation versus peripheral neuropathy. Gait Posture 2023; 100:41-48. [PMID: 36481645 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Partial foot amputation (PFA) is a common surgical loss of part of either the forefoot or mid-foot. It is usually the sequel to a cascade of physiological foot dysfunction such as peripheral neuropathy (PN). The gait compensation mechanisms associated with these foot disorders aren't well understood yet. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate pathological gait compensation mechanisms in PFA due to PN versus PN alone through a comprehensive gait analysis. METHODS Plantar pressure, GRF, load distribution, footprint length and area, foot progression angle, step length, percentage of double limb support, and stance time were measured on 53 participants assigned into two well-matched groups: (A) 25 subjects with healed unilateral PFA and (B) 28 subjects with PN without ulcer. The gait analysis was conducted at a self-preferred walking speed using the FREEMED baropodometric platform and FREESTEP software. RESULTS The PFA group showed a significant decrease in load over the remaining toes and metatarsal heads compared to the PN group (p = .001 and p = .003, respectively). Conversely, the PFA group showed a significant increase in load over the mid-foot and peak plantar pressure during mid-stance (p = .007 and p = .016, respectively). All other measured variables showed no significant difference between the two groups (p > .05). CONCLUSION Individuals with PFA and PN or PN alone tend to shift their body loads posteriorly and redistribute their loads to compensate for the insufficient support from the forefoot. The PFA group was worse than the PN group. Furthermore, the PFA may not be the primary cause of the altered gait but rather the underlying systemic disease. The PFA surgery only worsens the compensatory mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Elabd
- Department of Physical Therapy for Orthopedics and its Surgeries, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamsa, Egypt.
| | - Bassem G El Nahass
- Department of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders and its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Mona Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders and its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elabd AM, Elabd OM. Relationships between forward head posture and lumbopelvic sagittal alignment in older adults with chronic low back pain. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 28:150-156. [PMID: 34776134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal posture creates abnormal stress and strain in many spinal structures which are considered predisposing factors for chronic mechanical low back pain. PURPOSE To examine the relationships among pain intensity, forward head posture (decreased craniovertebral angle) and lumbopelvic sagittal alignment (pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, and lumbar lordosis) in chronic mechanical low back pain patients. METHODS A cross-section correlational study was conducted on one hundred patients. A numerical-pain-rating scale was used to determine pain intensity. Standardized standing lateral radiographs were analyzed to measure the spinopelvic angles. Reported data were analyzed using correlation coefficients, and regression analyses. RESULTS Lumbar lordosis had very strong positive correlations with each pain intensity and sacral slope. Pain intensity had a strong positive correlation with sacral slope. Moderate positive correlations highlighted between pelvic tilt and craniovertebral angle. Moreover, the pelvic incidence had weak positive correlations with each sacral slope and pelvic tilt. Negative correlations were strong between pelvic tilt and each of pain intensity, lumbar lordosis and sacral slope. Craniovertebral angle had moderate negative correlations with each of pain, lumbar lordosis, and sacral slope. However, the pelvic incidence had no relations with pain, craniovertebral angle lumbar lordosis. Overall, an association of demographic data and measured variables had a significant effect on the pain multi-regression equation prediction model. They accounted for 76.60% of the variation in pain. CONCLUSION Abnormal spinopelvic posture relates to chronic mechanical low back pain. There are significant associations among pain intensity, FHP and lumbopelvic sagittal alignment in chronic mechanical low back pain patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa M Elabd
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Omar M Elabd
- Department of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elabd AM, Ibrahim AR, Elhafez HM, Hussien HA, Elabd OM. Efficacy of Kinesio Taping and Postural Correction Exercises on Levator Scapula Electromyographic Activities in Mechanical Cervical Dysfunction: A Randomized Blinded Clinical Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2020; 43:588-596. [PMID: 32709516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanical neck dysfunction (MND) is a major health burden. Although postural correction exercises (PCEs) are commonly used for its treatment, efficacy of Kinesio Taping (KT) has received considerable attention. This study was conducted to determine the effect of KT and PCEs on levator scapula (LS) electromyography. METHODS Ninety-one patients with MND were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups that received 4 weeks' treatment: group A, KT; group B, PCE; and group C, both interventions. Neck pain, LS root mean square (RMS), and median frequency (MDF) were measured pretreatment and post-treatment with the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and surface electromyography, respectively, by an assessor blinded to the patients' allocation. RESULTS Multivariate analysis of variance indicates a statistically significant group-by-time interaction (P = .000). Pain intensity was significantly reduced in group C more than in group B (P = .001). Mean values of RMS were significantly reduced in group C compared to both group A (P = .001) and group B (P = .022), whereas MDF was significantly increased in group C compared to either group A (P = .00) or group B (P = .026), and in group B compared to group A (P = 0.26). A paired t test revealed that there was a significant decrease in pain and RMS, and a significant increase in MDF in all groups (P < .01). CONCLUSION Application of both KT and PCE combined can significantly reduce neck pain and normalize LS activities in patients with MND more than the application of either intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa M Elabd
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Abeer R Ibrahim
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt; Physiotherapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haytham M Elhafez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt; Dean, Faculty of physical therapy, Suez University, Egypt
| | | | - Omar M Elabd
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|