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Maxwell O, Oghenerukevwe OF, Adewoyin Olusegun O, Joel ES, Daniel OA, Oluwasegun A, Jonathan HO, Samson TO, Adeleye N, Michael OM, Omeje Uchechukwu A, Akinwumi Oluwasayo A, Akinpelu A, L AM, Oladokun O. Sustainable nano-sodium silicate and silver nitrate impregnated locally made ceramic filters for point-of-use water treatments in sub-Sahara African households. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08470. [PMID: 34926849 PMCID: PMC8649735 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor access to water quality for Nigerians has pushed for the designing of new trend silver nitrate impregnated locally made Point-Of-Use (POU) ceramic filters to enhance water purification efficiency for household use. This study utilized silver nitrate-molded ceramic filters prepared with Kaolin from Owode, silt soil, sodium silicate, sawdust, and distilled water in three varying proportions to ascertain pollution removal efficiencies. Heating was carried out by firing the filters at 900 °C and further preheating at 400 °C after dipping in silver nitrate solution. Silver nanoparticle and dissociated particle discharge from filter pot painted with 0.03 mg/g casein-covered nAg or AgNO3 were estimated as an element of pH (5–9), ionic strength (1–50mM), and cation species (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+). Silver delivery was constrained by disintegration as Ag+ and resulting cation exchange measures, paying little heed to silver structure applied. Water analysis for both heavy metals (Pb and Cd) and microbial load (E. coli) evaluated, corroborate the maximum removal efficiency. It was observed that kaolin-sawdust with the Silver nitrate filters showed a constant and effective removal of both heavy metals and disinfection of microbial loads. The minimum flow rates observed were 4.97 mL/min for batch filter used for Iju River water sample one (AF1) and 4.98 mL/min for batch filter used for Iju River water sample two (AF2) having porosity 49.05% and 50.00%, whereas the 5 mL/min higher flow rate was used for batch filter from borehole water sample one (BF1) and batch filter used for well water sample two (CF2) with porosity of 50.00%. Significantly, the results obtained show that the filters are suitable for point-of-use application in both the urban and rural areas of developing countries such as Nigeria
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeje Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Orere Faith Oghenerukevwe
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O Adewoyin Olusegun
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Ozieme Arinze Daniel
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ayanbisi Oluwasegun
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Hassana O Jonathan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo O Samson
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Adeleye
- Department of Economics and Development Studies, College of Business and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - A Omeje Uchechukwu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Akinwumi Oluwasayo
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Akinwumi Akinpelu
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Akinyemi M L
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olagoke Oladokun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Maxwell O, Adewoyin Olusegun O, Joel ES, Ikechukwu B I, Timothy-Terhile Mary A, Okoro Emeka E, Uchechukwu OA, Adeleye BN, Michael OM, Ifeanyi OA, Ogunrinola IE, Ahuekwe Eze F, Saeed MA. MEASUREMENTS OF SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF RADIOACTIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN RIVERINE SOIL SEDIMENT OF ADO-ODO OTA, SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA: PROBABILISTIC APPROACH USING MONTE CARLO. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2021; 193:76-89. [PMID: 33779760 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The radioactivity levels were measured using a hand-held gamma-ray survey meter and NaI (Tl) based gamma spectroscopy to evaluate the seasonal variation of radioactivity levels in the riverine area of Ado-Odo Ota. The measured iso-dose map reported higher gamma dose rate of 79 nGy/h, approximately 34% higher than the world average of 59 nGy/h. The values for U-238, Th-232 and K-40 activity levels ranged between 29.9 and 21.6; 103.2 and 31.2; 802.2 and 233.5 with mean values of 26.1, 55.6 and 499.3 Bq/kg, respectively. According to the mean, 5th and 95th percentiles of the probabilities using the Monte Carlo simulation, the Radium equivalent activities and the absorbed dose rates are within their respective recommended limits of 370 Bq/kg and 84 nGy/h. This study could be used to monitor dose rates and radiological risks for the areas covering the small area (Ado-Odo Ota) to the larger area (West African Region) as baseline data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeje Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O Adewoyin Olusegun
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel S Joel
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ijeh Ikechukwu B
- Department of Physics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - A Timothy-Terhile Mary
- Department of Physics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - E Okoro Emeka
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Omeje Anne Uchechukwu
- Department of Public and Community Health Care, College of Medicine, Idiaraba, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bosede Ngozi Adeleye
- Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Oha A Ifeanyi
- Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Iyanuoluwa E Ogunrinola
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - F Ahuekwe Eze
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - M A Saeed
- Department of Physics, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore-Pakistan
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Maxwell O, Olusegun O A, Emmanuel S J, Ijeh B I, Uchechukwu A O, Oluwasegun A, Ogunrinola E I, Angbiandoo M TT, Ifeany A O, Saeed MA. Spatial distribution of gamma radiation dose rates from natural radionuclides and its radiological hazards in sediments along river Iju, Ogun state Nigeria. MethodsX 2020; 7:101086. [PMID: 33117657 PMCID: PMC7581974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioactivity in soil sediments of Iju River was found to be within the limit level. Excess lifetime cancer risks on human and ecosystem found to be higher slightly in some sites. Activity utilization index from gamma radiation of natural radionuclides found to be within the permissible level.
This study assessed the radioactivity level of Iju River sediments and its associated radiological risks exposure to human. Gamma absorbed dose rates were measured using a portable gamma spectrometer at an interval of 50 m between each point (Model No:RS-125 manufactured by Canadian Geophysical Institute). The measured absorbed gamma dose rates range from 22 to 59 nGy/h with the highest value noted in site 13. The mean activity concentrations of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 from Iju river sediments were 24.1 ± 0.4 Bq/kg, 35.2 ± 1.1 Bq/kg and 501.0 ± 11.1 Bq/kg, which were lower than the world average values of 32 and 45 for U-238 and Th-232 by 25% and 21% and higher than 412 Bq/kg for K-40 by a factor of 0.22 (22%).This highest value of K-40 found in site 6 may be due to the presence of feldspartic minerals buried in the sediments. Consequently, the radiological hazard indices were below the permissible limits except the mean value of 28 × 10−2 for excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for the samples collected in site 6, which is higher than the average world value of 0.29 × 10−3 by a factor of 0.03. The regression model indicates that Th-232 attributes more radioactivity impacts on the soil sediments than the contributions of U-232 and K-40, as such, presumed to be the radionuclide parameter controlling the depositional process in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeje Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adewoyin Olusegun O
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Joel Emmanuel S
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu Ijeh B
- Department of Physics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State
| | - Omeje Uchechukwu A
- Department of Public and Community Health Care, College of Medicine, Idiaraba, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ayanbisi Oluwasegun
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Iyanuoluwa Ogunrinola E
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Oha Ifeany A
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad Alam Saeed
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township Lahore-Pakistan, Pakistan
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Maxwell O, Emmanuel JS, Olusegun AO, Cyril EEO, Ifeanyi AT, Embong Z. A STUDY OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN SOME BUILDING MATERIALS IN NIGERIA. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 183:332-335. [PMID: 30085254 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Building materials of different brands were assessed for the concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K using HPGe detector. The activity concentrations in the measured samples ranged from 27 ± 8 to 82 ± 8 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, 41 ± 4 to 101 ± 8 Bq kg-1 for 232Th and 140 ± 8 to 940 ± 19 Bq kg-1 for 40K, respectively. The Radium equivalent (Raeq) activity from the samples was found to be <370 Bq kg-1 as the recommended value for construction materials. This study will set a baseline data for significant standards on radiation exposure of the measured radionuclides in the selected building materials used in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeje Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Joel S Emmanuel
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adewoyin O Olusegun
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ehi-Eromosele O Cyril
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Araka T Ifeanyi
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Zaidi Embong
- Faculty of Applied Science and Technology (FAST), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Campus, Km 1, Jalan Panchor, Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
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Joel ES, Maxwell O, Adewoyin OO, Olawole OC, Arijaje TE, Embong Z, Saeed MA. Investigation of natural environmental radioactivity concentration in soil of coastaline area of Ado-Odo/Ota Nigeria and its radiological implications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4219. [PMID: 30862825 PMCID: PMC6414599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural radioactivity in coastaline area soil of Ado-Odo/Ota has been carried out to ascertain the presence of radionuclides using gamma-ray spectroscopy (HPGe detector). The result showed that U-238, Th-232 and K-40 ranged from 24 ± 7-49 ± 10; 67 ± 6-120 ± 9 and 88 ± 17-139 ± 20 Bqkg-1 respectively. The radium equivalent for the samples ranged from 132.51 to 230.91 Bqkg-1 with mean value of 185.89 Bqkg-1. The mean value for the gamma dose rate for the soil samples was estimated to be 81.32 nGyh-1. The estimated values of annual effective dose equivalent ranged from 0.61 to 1.07 mSv y-1. The estimation of alpha index representative (Iα) ranged from 0.12 to 0.24 with mean value of 0.21 while the gamma representative index ranged between 0.465 and 0.810. The activity utilization index of the soil samples ranged from 1.09 to 1.89 with mean value of 1.53. The radiological implication in the study area has shown that the soil samples with gamma dose rate value of 89.99 nGyh-1, 94.39 nGyh-1, 97.40 nGyh-1 and 101.04 nGyh-1 respectively are higher than the recommended value of 80 nGyh-1 and may pose health implication for long term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Joel
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - O Maxwell
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O O Adewoyin
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O C Olawole
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - T E Arijaje
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Z Embong
- Faculty of Applied Science and Teknologi, (FAST) Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia Pagoh Campus. Km 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M A Saeed
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township, Lahore, Pakistan
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Joel E, Maxwell O, Adewoyin O, Ehi-Eromosele C, Embong Z, Saeed M. Assessment of natural radionuclides and its radiological hazards from tiles made in Nigeria. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Joel ES, Maxwell O, Adewoyin OO, Ehi-Eromosele CO, Saeed MA. Comparative Analysis of Natural Radioactivity Content in Tiles made in Nigeria and Imported Tiles from China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1842. [PMID: 29382885 PMCID: PMC5789825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, natural radioactive contents in tiles manufactured in Nigeria and tiles imported from China were measured using gamma ray spectroscopy. High Purity Germanium detector was used to estimate the concentrations of some radioisotopes present in 17 samples of various tiles from Nigeria and China. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K for the tiles were found to be 68.2 ± 0.5; 173.9 ± 9.2 and 490 ± 15 Bq/kg and 58.2 ± 0.5, 161.5 ± 9.4 and 455.7 ± 15.1 Bq/kg for the tiles from Nigeria and China respectively. Radiological hazard indices such as absorbed dose rate, radium equivalent activity, external Hazard Index (Hex), internal Hazard Index (Hin), Annual Effective Dose (mSv/y), Gamma activity Index (Iγ) and Alpha Index (Iα) were determined for both kind of tiles from Nigeria and China. The mean values obtained were: 354.56 and 317.16 Bq/kg; 169.22 nGyh-1 and 153.92 nGyh-1; 0.95 and 0.87; 1.14 and 1.08; 1.59 mSv/y and 1.52 mSv/y; 1 and 1.15 and; 0.34 and 0.29 respectively. The mean value of radium equivalent obtained in this study is less than that of the international reference value of 370 Bq/kg for the both kind of tiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Joel
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ota, Nigeria.
| | - O Maxwell
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ota, Nigeria
| | - O O Adewoyin
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ota, Nigeria
| | | | - M A Saeed
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township, Lahore, Pakistan
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Joel E, Maxwell O, Adewoyin O, Ehi-Eromosele C, Embong Z, Oyawoye F. Assessment of natural radioactivity in various commercial tiles used for building purposes in Nigeria. MethodsX 2018; 5:8-19. [PMID: 29387568 PMCID: PMC5771965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the activity concentration of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) for fifteen (15) different brands of tile samples used for building purposes in Nigeria. The tile samples were analyzed using High purity Germanium gamma detector. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were observed to be 61.1 ± 5.5 Bq/kg, 70.2 ± 6.08 Bq/kg and 514.7 ± 59.8 Bq/kg respectively. Various hazard indices such as absorbed dose rate, external and internal hazard index, annual effective dose rate, Gamma activity Index (Iγ) and Alpha Index (Iα) were calculated. The obtained results showed that the mean radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the absorbed dose rate (D), external and internal hazard index, the annual effective dose (AEDR) equivalent, Gamma activity Index (Iγ) and Alpha Index (Iα) were: 204.42 Bq/kg, 177.61 nGyh-1, 0.55, 0.77, 0.96 mSvyr-1, 0.74 and 0.32 respectively. The average value of radium equivalent obtained in this study is less than that of the recommended value of 370 Bq/kg but the average values of the other radiological hazards for some samples are found to be slightly above international recommended values except Hex, Hin and AEDE which are within the international reference value of unity. The measured concentrations of these radioactive materials were correlated with other previous result obtained from similar tile materials used in other countries and found to be in good agreement with the international standard, however, the tiles are recommended for decoration purposes in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.S. Joel
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | - O. Maxwell
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | - O.O. Adewoyin
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | | | - Z. Embong
- Faculty of Applied Science and Teknologi, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia Pagoh Campus. km 1, Jalan Panchor 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - F. Oyawoye
- Department of Geosciences, University of Lagos, Nigeria
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Maxwell O, Wagiran H, Adewoyin O, Joel ES, Adeleye N, Embong Z, Tenebe IT. Radiological and chemical toxicity risks of uranium in groundwater based-drinking at Immigration Headquarters Gosa and Federal Housing Lugbe area of Abuja, North Central Nigeria. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Maxwell O, Wagiran H. Tectonic and radioactivity impacts of 238U on groundwater-based drinking water at Gosa and Lugbe areas of Abuja, North Central Nigeria. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2015.1015467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Maxwell O, Wagiran H, Lee S, Embong Z, Ugwuoke P. Radioactivity level and toxic elemental concentration in groundwater at Dei-Dei and Kubwa areas of Abuja, north-central Nigeria. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Maxwell O, Wagiran H, Ibrahim N, Lee SK, Sabri S. Measurement of ²³⁸U,²³²Th and ⁴⁰K in boreholes at Gosa and Lugbe, Abuja, north central Nigeria. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2013; 157:271-277. [PMID: 23754832 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this project is to evaluate the suitability of different sites as locations for obtaining underground water for consumption. The analysis of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K from rock samples from each layer of borehole at a depth of ∼50 m at Site A borehole, S3L1-S3L6 in Gosa and 40 m at Site B borehole, S4L1-S4L5 in Lugbe, Abuja, north central Nigeria is presented. The gamma-ray spectrometry was carried out using a high-purity germanium detector coupled to a computer-based high-resolution multichannel analyzer. The activity concentrations at Site A borehole for ²³⁸U have a mean value of 26 ± 3, ranging from 23 ± 2 to 30 ± 3 Bq kg⁻¹, ²³²Th a mean value of 63 ± 5, ranging from 48 ± 4 to 76 ± 6 Bq kg⁻¹ and ⁴⁰K a mean value of 573 ± 72, ranging from 437 ± 56 to 821 ± 60 Bq kg⁻¹. The activity concentrations at Site B borehole for ²³⁸U have a mean value of 20 ± 2, ranging from 16 ± 2 to 23 ± 2 Bq kg⁻¹, ²³²Th a mean value of 46 ± 4, ranging from 43 ± 4 to 49 ± 4 Bq kg⁻¹, ⁴⁰K a mean value of 915 ± 116 and ranging from 817 ± 103 Bq kg⁻¹ to 1011 ± 128 Bq kg⁻¹. It is noted that the higher activity concentrations of ²³²Th and ²³⁸U are found in Site A at Gosa. Site B has lower radioactivity, and it is recommended that both sites are suitable for underground water consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeje Maxwell
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
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Maxwell O, Wagiran H, Ibrahim N, Lee SK, Sabri S. Comparison of activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K in different Layers of subsurface Structures in Dei-Dei and Kubwa, Abuja, northcentral Nigeria. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Baker LV, Brown TJ, Maxwell O, Gibson AL, Fang Z, Yates MD, Drobniewski FA. Molecular analysis of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from England and Wales reveals the phylogenetic significance of the ahpC -46A polymorphism. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:1455-64. [PMID: 15793126 PMCID: PMC1068606 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.4.1455-1464.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the prevalence and diagnostic potential of the most commonly reported mutations associated with isoniazid resistance, katG 315Thr, katG 315Asn, inhA -15T, inhA -8A, and the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region, in a population sample of 202 isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and 176 randomly selected fully sensitive isolates from England and Wales identified by using a directed oligonucleotide array and limited DNA sequencing. The strains were recovered from patients originating from 29 countries; 41 isolates were multidrug resistant. Mutations affecting katG 315, the inhA promoter, and the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region were found in 62.7, 21.9, and 30% of 169 genotypically distinct isoniazid-resistant isolates, respectively, whereas they were found in 0, 0, and 8% of susceptible strains, respectively. The frequency of mutation at each locus was unrelated to the resistance profile or previous antituberculous drug therapy. The commonest mutation in the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region, ahpC -46A, was present in 23.7% of isoniazid-resistant isolates and 7.5% of susceptible isolates. This proved to be a phylogenetic marker for a subgroup of M. tuberculosis strains originating on the Indian subcontinent, which shared IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism and spoligotype features with the Delhi strain and Central Asian strain CAS1; and this marker is strongly associated with isoniazid resistance and the katG 315Thr mutation. In total, 82.8% of unrelated isoniazid-resistant isolates could be identified by analysis of just two loci: katG 315 and the inhA promoter. Analysis of the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region, although phylogenetically interesting, does not contribute significantly to further identification of isoniazid-resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Baker
- HPA Mycobacterium Reference Unit, Department of Microbiology, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College Hospital, East Dulwich Grove, London SE22 8QF, United Kingdom
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