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Slattery O, Dahle MK, Sundaram AYM, Nowak BF, Gjessing MC, Solhaug A. Functional and molecular characterization of the Atlantic salmon gill epithelium cell line ASG-10; a tool for in vitro gill research. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1242879. [PMID: 37916189 PMCID: PMC10616884 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1242879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish gills are not only the respiratory organ, but also essential for ion-regulation, acid-base control, detoxification, waste excretion and host defense. Multifactorial gill diseases are common in farmed Atlantic salmon, and still poorly understood. Understanding gill pathophysiology is of paramount importance, but the sacrifice of large numbers of experimental animals for this purpose should be avoided. Therefore, in vitro models, such as cell lines, are urgently required to replace fish trials. An Atlantic salmon gill epithelial cell line, ASG-10, was established at the Norwegian Veterinary institute in 2018. This cell line forms a monolayer expressing cytokeratin, e-cadherin and desmosomes, hallmarks of a functional epithelial barrier. To determine the value of ASG-10 for comparative studies of gill functions, the characterization of ASG-10 was taken one step further by performing functional assays and comparing the cell proteome and transcriptome with those of gills from juvenile freshwater Atlantic salmon. The ASG-10 cell line appear to be a homogenous cell line consisting of epithelial cells, which express tight junction proteins. We demonstrated that ASG-10 forms a barrier, both alone and in co-culture with the Atlantic salmon gill fibroblast cell line ASG-13. ASG-10 cells can phagocytose and express several ATP-binding cassette transport proteins. Additionally, ASG-10 expresses genes involved in biotransformation of xenobiotics and immune responses. Taken together, this study provides an overview of functions that can be studied using ASG-10, which will be an important contribution to in vitro gill epithelial research of Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla Slattery
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Arvind Y. M. Sundaram
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara F. Nowak
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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McGrath L, O'Keeffe J, Slattery O. Antimicrobial peptide gene expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) seven days post-challenge with Neoparamoeba perurans. Dev Comp Immunol 2022; 127:104287. [PMID: 34619176 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Amoebic gill disease in teleost fish is caused by the marine parasite Neoparamoeba perurans. To date, the role of antimicrobial peptides β-defensins and cathelicidins in this infection have not been explored. Using a high-throughput microfluidics quantitative polymerase chain reaction system (Biomark HD™ by Fluidigm), this study aimed to: firstly, to investigate organ-specific expression of antimicrobial peptide genes β-defensin-1, -3 and -4 and cathelicidin 2 in healthy Atlantic salmon; secondly, to compare the expression of these antimicrobial peptide genes in healthy versus asymptomatic Atlantic salmon seven days post-challenge with Neoparamoeba perurans. Results from this study indicate expression of the β-defensin and cathelicidin genes in the selected organs from healthy Atlantic salmon. Furthermore, a statistically significant upregulation of β-defensins -3 and -4 and cathelicidin 2 was detected in gill of parasite-challenged salmon. The upregulated cathelicidin and β-defensin genes in gill could indicate novel potential roles in innate immune responses to Neoparamoeba perurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisha McGrath
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Rd., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Joan O'Keeffe
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Rd., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Orla Slattery
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Rd., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland.
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Ní Dhufaigh K, Botwright N, Dillon E, O’Connor I, MacCarthy E, Slattery O. Differential Exoproteome and Biochemical Characterisation of Neoparamoeba perurans. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061258. [PMID: 34207776 PMCID: PMC8226569 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with the protozoan ectoparasite Neoparamoeba perurans, the causative agent of AGD, remains a global threat to salmonid farming. This study aimed to analyse the exoproteome of both an attenuated and virulent N. perurans isolate using proteomics and cytotoxicity testing. A disproportionate presence of proteins from the co-cultured microbiota of N. perurans was revealed on searching an amalgamated database of bacterial, N. perurans and Amoebozoa proteins. LC-MS/MS identified 33 differentially expressed proteins, the majority of which were upregulated in the attenuated exoproteome. Proteins of putative interest found in both exoproteomes were maltoporin, ferrichrome-iron receptor, and putative ferric enterobactin receptor. Protease activity remained significantly elevated in the attenuated exoproteome compared with the virulent exoproteome. Similarly, the attenuated exoproteome had a significantly higher cytotoxic effect on rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill W1) cells compared with the virulent exoproteome. The presence of a phosphatase and serine protease in the virulent exoproteome may facilitate AGD infection but do not appear to be key players in causing cytotoxicity. Altogether, this study reveals prolonged culture of N. perurans affects the exoproteome composition in favour of nutritional acquisition, and that the current culturing protocol for virulent N. perurans does not facilitate the secretion of virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie Ní Dhufaigh
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Co. Galway, H91 T8NW Eircode, Ireland; (I.O.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natasha Botwright
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Livestock & Aquaculture, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Eugene Dillon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Co. Dublin, D04 V1W8 Eircode, Ireland;
| | - Ian O’Connor
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Co. Galway, H91 T8NW Eircode, Ireland; (I.O.); (E.M.)
| | - Eugene MacCarthy
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Co. Galway, H91 T8NW Eircode, Ireland; (I.O.); (E.M.)
| | - Orla Slattery
- Department of Biopharmaceutical and Medical Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Co. Galway, H91 T8NW Eircode, Ireland;
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Lyons JA, Aragão D, Slattery O, Pisliakov AV, Soulimane T, Caffrey M. Structural insights into electron transfer in caa3-type cytochrome oxidase. Nature 2012; 487:514-8. [PMID: 22763450 PMCID: PMC3428721 DOI: 10.1038/nature11182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase is a member of the heme copper oxidase superfamily (HCO)1. HCOs function as the terminal enzymes in the respiratory chain of mitochondria and aerobic prokaryotes, coupling molecular oxygen reduction to transmembrane proton pumping. Integral to the enzyme’s function is the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to the oxidase via a transient association of the two proteins. Electron entry and exit are proposed to occur from the same site on cytochrome c2–4. Here we report the crystal structure of the caa3-type cytochrome oxidase from Thermus thermophilus, which has a covalently tethered cytochrome c domain. Crystals were grown in a bicontinuous mesophase using a synthetic short-chain monoacylglycerol as the hosting lipid. From the electron density map, at 2.36 Å resolution, a novel integral membrane subunit and a native glycoglycerophospholipid embedded in the complex were identified. Contrary to previous electron transfer mechanisms observed for soluble cytochrome c, the structure reveals the architecture of the electron transfer complex for the fused cupredoxin/cytochrome c domain which implicates different sites on cytochrome c for electron entry and exit. Support for an alternative to the classical proton gate characteristic of this HCO class is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Lyons
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Pelc JS, Ma L, Phillips CR, Zhang Q, Langrock C, Slattery O, Tang X, Fejer MM. Long-wavelength-pumped upconversion single-photon detector at 1550 nm: performance and noise analysis. Opt Express 2011; 19:21445-21456. [PMID: 22108994 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.021445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate upconversion-assisted single-photon detection for the 1.55-μm telecommunications band based on a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide pumped by a monolithic PPLN optical parametric oscillator. We achieve an internal conversion efficiency of 86%, which results in an overall system detection efficiency of 37%, with excess noise as low as 10(3) counts s(-1). We measure the dark count rate versus the upconversion pump-signal frequency separation and find the results to be consistent with noise photon generation by spontaneous anti-Stokes Raman scattering. These results enable detailed design guidelines for the development of low-noise quantum frequency conversion systems, which will be an important component of fiber-optic quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Pelc
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
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Pietras Z, Lin HT, Surade S, Luisi B, Slattery O, Pos KM, Moreno A. The use of novel organic gels and hydrogels in protein crystallization. J Appl Crystallogr 2010. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889809051917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of an organic solvent-based gel prepared from polyethylene oxide and a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel for protein crystallization was investigated. The preparation, properties and application of the gels for protein crystallization are described, and the advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed. The gels are compared with agar, which is a popular aqueous gel used for protein crystallization. The growth behaviour and diffraction quality of crystals prepared in these gel media were evaluated for two model soluble proteins, thaumatin and lysozyme, and for two bacterial membrane proteins, TolC and AcrB.
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Gnanappa AK, O'Murchu C, Slattery O, Peters F, Aszalós-Kiss B, Tofail SA. Effect of annealing on hydrophobic stability of plasma deposited fluoropolymer coatings. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Slattery O, Caffrey M, Soulimane T. S11.36 Crystallisation and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of CAA3-cytochrome c oxidase from Thermus thermophilus. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.05.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Misquitta LV, Misquitta Y, Cherezov V, Slattery O, Mohan JM, Hart D, Zhalnina M, Cramer WA, Caffrey M. Membrane protein crystallization in lipidic mesophases with tailored bilayers. Structure 2005; 12:2113-24. [PMID: 15576026 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2004.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Revised: 09/24/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerols have been used as bilayered hosts for growing crystals of membrane proteins. To date, the lipids used have had chains 16 and 18 carbon atoms long. We hypothesized that a shorter-chained lipid producing a thinner bilayer would facilitate the so-called in meso crystallization process. A 14 carbon monoacylglycerol was chosen as the lipid with which to test the proposal. To be compatible with the in meso method, a cis olefinic bond was placed in its acyl chain at a location arrived at by rational design. The target lipid was synthesized and was shown to form the requisite mesophase at room temperature. In support of the hypothesis, it produced crystals of bacteriorhodopsin and the outer membrane transporter, BtuB. The latter is the first beta barrel protein to be crystallized by the in meso method. Protein stability in the short-chain lipid and how this relates to crystallogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa V Misquitta
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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