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Alp Çavuş S, Çelik M, Süner AF, Güzel I, Irmak Ç, Çağlayan D, Öztürk HG, Şiyve N, Appak Ö, Işık E, Ergör G, Ergör OA, Demiral Y, Sayıner AA, Kılıç B. Pre-infection antibody levels of vaccinated healthcare workers with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection: A nested case-control study. Immunol Lett 2023; 262:1-6. [PMID: 37597753 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate anti-RBD IgG antibody levels and neutralizing antibody titers between the health care workers (HCWs) with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and controls. METHODS In this nested case-case control study, we followed 548 vaccinated HCWs with homologous (only with inactivated vaccine) or heterologous (both with inactivated and BNT162b2 vaccine) vaccination for 11 months, prospectively. We obtained blood samples from the participants for quantitative anti-RBD IgG and surrogate neutralization test. The participants with SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity (at least 14 days after the last vaccination) were considered breakthrough infection. We chose 1:2 matched controls from the cohort, according to age, sex and vaccination status. We used R version 4.0.2 for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Sixty-five cases and 130 controls were included in the study. The number of the breakthrough infections in HCWs were correlated with the pandemic waves in Türkiye and peaked during Omicron outbreak. The median age of the cases was 39 and 78.5% were female. The cases had more comorbidities than controls, significantly (p = 0.021). All cases experienced no or mild symptoms and recovered completely. Both pre-infection anti-RBD antibody and neutralizing antibody titers did not differ between cases and matched controls (p = 0.767, p = 0.628). CONCLUSION In this study, we showed that there was no comparable difference in humoral response after homologous or heterologous vaccination between the cases of breakthrough infection and matched controls. Compliance with infection control measures should be ensured, in combination with vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Alp Çavuş
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye.
| | - Muammer Çelik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Furkan Süner
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Irmak Güzel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Çağlar Irmak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Derya Çağlayan
- Department of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Huriye Gamze Öztürk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Neslişah Şiyve
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Özgür Appak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Elif Işık
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Gül Ergör
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Osman Alparslan Ergör
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Yücel Demiral
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ayça Arzu Sayıner
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Bülent Kılıç
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
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