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Rabbani G, Ahmad A, Zamzami MA, Baothman OA, Hosawi SA, Altayeb H, Shahid Nadeem M, Ahmad V. Fabrication of an affordable and sensitive corticosteroid-binding globulin immunosensor based on electrodeposited gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 157:108671. [PMID: 38401223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we fabricated an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for the quantitative detection of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). CBG is a protein that regulates glucocorticoid levels and is an important biomarker for inflammation. A decrease in CBG levels is a key biomarker for inflammatory diseases, such as septic shock. To enhance the electrochemical performance and provide a large surface area for anti-CBG immobilization, we functionalized the glassy carbon electrode surface with AuNPs. Electrochemical characterization methods including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to examine the construction of the fabricated immunosensor. The electrochemical signal demonstrated a remarkable sensitivity to the CBG antigen, with a detection range from 0.01 to 100 μg/mL and a limit of detection of 0.012 μg/mL, making it suitable for both clinical and research applications. This label-free immunosensor offers significant advantages, including high sensitivity, low detection limits and excellent selectivity, making it a promising tool for detecting CBG in complex biological samples. Its potential applications include early disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring and studying CBG-related physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Rabbani
- IT-medical Fusion Center, 350-27 Gumidae-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk 39253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A Baothman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman A Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Altayeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Varish Ahmad
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Ahmad I, Singh AK, Mohd S, Katari SK, Nalamolu RM, Ahmad A, Baothman OA, Hosawi SA, Altayeb H, Nadeem MS, Ahmad V. In Silico Insights into the Arsenic Binding Mechanism Deploying Application of Computational Biology-Based Toolsets. ACS Omega 2024; 9:7529-7544. [PMID: 38405466 PMCID: PMC10882604 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
An assortment of environmental matrices includes arsenic (As) in its different oxidation states, which is often linked to concerns that pose a threat to public health worldwide. The current difficulty lies in addressing toxicological concerns and achieving sustained detoxification of As. Multiple conventional degradation methods are accessible; however, they are indeed labor-intensive, expensive, and reliant on prolonged laboratory evaluations. Molecular interaction and atomic level degradation mechanisms for enzyme-As exploration are, however, underexplored in those approaches. A feasible approach in this case for tackling this accompanying concern of As might be to cope with undertaking multivalent computational methodologies and tools. This work aimed to provide molecular-level insight into the enzyme-aided As degradation mechanism. AutoDock Vina, CABS-flex 2.0, and Desmond high-performance molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) were utilized in the current investigation to simulate multivalent molecular processes on two protein sets: arsenate reductase (ArsC) and laccase (LAC) corresponding arsenate (ART) and arsenite (AST), which served as model ligands to comprehend binding, conformational, and energy attributes. The structural configurations of both proteins exhibited variability in flexibility and structure framework within the range of 3.5-4.5 Å. The LAC-ART complex exhibited the lowest calculated binding affinity, measuring -5.82 ± 0.01 kcal/mol. Meanwhile, active site residues ILE-200 and HIS-206 were demonstrated to engage in H-bonding with the ART ligand. In contrast to ArsC, the ligand binding affinity of this bound complex was considerably greater. Additional validation of docked complexes was carried out by deploying Desmond MDS of 100 ns to capture protein and ligand conformation behavior. The system achieved stability during the 100 ns simulation run, as confirmed by the average P-L RMSD, which was ∼1 Å. As a preliminary test of the enzyme's ability to catalyze As species, corresponding computational insights might be advantageous for bridging gaps and regulatory consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ahmad
- Department
of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical
University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
- Environmental
Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Environmental
Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shayan Mohd
- Department
of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Katari
- Department
of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation
for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
| | - Ravina Madhulitha Nalamolu
- Department
of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation
for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A. Baothman
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman A. Hosawi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Altayeb
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Varish Ahmad
- Department
of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alam MM, Alsenani NI, Abdelhamid AA, Ahmad A, Baothman OA, Hosawi SA, Altayeb H, Nadeem MS, Ahmad V, Nazreen S, Elhenawy AA. New paracetamol hybrids as anticancer and COX-2 inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300340. [PMID: 37880869 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is an emerging field in drug development that has provided many successful drugs. In the current study, paracetamol, a known antipyretic and analgesic agent, was chemically modified to generate paracetamol derivatives as anticancer and anticyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) agents. Compound 11 bearing a fluoro group was the best cytotoxic candidate with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values ranging from 1.51 to 6.31 μM and anti-COX-2 activity with IC50 = 0.29 μM, compared to the standard drugs, doxorubicin and celecoxib. The cell cycle and apoptosis studies revealed that compound 11 possesses the ability to induce cell cycle arrest in the S phase and apoptosis in colon Huh-7 cells. These results were strongly supported by docking studies, which showed strong interactions with the amino acids of the COX-2 protein, and in silico pharmacokinetic predictions were found to be favorable for these newly synthesized paracetamol derivatives. It can be concluded that compound 11 could block cell growth and proliferation by inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf I Alsenani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Antar A Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A Baothman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman A Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Altayeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Varish Ahmad
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nazreen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Elhenawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Kashif M, Kumar B, Bharati AP, Altayeb H, Asalam M, Akhtar MS, Khan MI, Ahmad A, Chaudhary H, Hosawi SB, Zamzami MA, Baothman OA. Association of peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase Rrd1 with C terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124653. [PMID: 37141964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The largest subunit of RNAPII extends as the conserved unstructured heptapeptide consensus repeats Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7 and their posttranslational modification, especially the phosphorylation state at Ser2, Ser5 and Ser7 of CTD recruits different transcription factors involved in transcription. In the current study, fluorescence anisotropy, pull down assay and molecular dynamics simulation studies employed to conclude that peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans-isomerase Rrd1 has strong affinity for unphosphorylated CTD rather than phosphorylated CTD for mRNA transcription. Rrd1 preferentially interacts with unphosphorylated GST-CTD in comparison to hyperphosphorylated GST-CTD in vitro. Fluorescence anisotropy revealed that recombinant Rrd1 prefers to bind unphosphorylated CTD peptide in comparison to phosphorylated CTD peptide. In computational studies, the RMSD of Rrd1-unphosphorylated CTD complex was greater than the RMSD of Rrd1-pCTD complex. During 50 ns MD simulation run Rrd1-pCTD complex get dissociated twice viz. 20 ns to 30 ns and 40 ns to 50 ns, while Rrd1-unpCTD complex remain stable throughout the process. Additionally, the Rrd1-unphosphorylated CTD complexes acquire comparatively higher number of H-bonds, water bridges and hydrophobic interactions occupancy than Rrd1-pCTD complex, concludes that the Rrd1 interacts more strongly with the unphosphorylated CTD than the pCTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Kashif
- Department of Biotech, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Bhupendra Kumar
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, U.P., India
| | - Akhilendra Pratap Bharati
- Department Of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India.
| | - Hisham Altayeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohd Asalam
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Sohail Akhtar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hani Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salman Bakr Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Othman A Baothman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Amri A, Al-Ghamdi MA, Khan JA, Altayeb HN, Alsulami H, Sajjad M, Baothman OA, Nadeem MS. Escherichia coli expression and characterization of α-amylase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e239449. [PMID: 34105678 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.239449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha amylase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of starch is a ubiquitous enzyme with tremendous industrial applications. A 1698 bp gene coding for 565 amino acid amylase was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, cloned in pET21a (+) plasmid, expressed in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli and characterized. The recombinant enzyme exhibited molecular weight of 63 kDa, optimum pH 8, optimum temperature 70°C, and KM value of 157.7µM. On pilot scale, the purified enzyme efficiently removed up to 95% starch from the cotton fabric indicating its desizing ability at high temperature. 3D model of enzyme built by Raptor-X and validated by Ramachandran plot appeared as a monomer having 31% α-helices, 15% β-sheets, and 52% loops. Docking studies have shown the best binding affinity of enzyme with amylopectin (∆G -10.59). According to our results, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276, and Arg175 constitute the potential active site of enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Amri
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Al-Ghamdi
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - J A Khan
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H N Altayeb
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Alsulami
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Sajjad
- University of the Punjab, School of Biological Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - O A Baothman
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Nadeem
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Baothman OA, Alshamrani YA, Al-Talhi HA. Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Polluted Wild Fish. Open Biochem J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874091x02014010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
Antibiotic resistance is becoming a major public health concern worldwide. In marine animals, pollution is associated with the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-expressing bacteria, resulting in antibiotic resistance. However, the prevalence of these bacteria in wild fish has not been reported.
Objective:
Accordingly, in this study, we explored the influence of pollution oxidative stress on the incidence of ESBL-expressing Enterobacteriaceae in the gut of wild fish species from the Red Sea coastal region of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, we evaluated the incidence of varied ESBL genes contributing to the ESBL+ phenotype.
Methods:
Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using cephalosporins and carbapenems against ESBL- and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)-producing bacteria. Frequent genes contributing to the ESBL+ phenotype were analyzed. Primers targeting ESBLs (e.g., blaCTX, blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaOXA) were used in polymerase chain reaction assays to detect the ESBL+ phenotype.
Results:
Screening results from the polluted site revealed ESBL-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae B8 and CRE-resistant Morganella morganii A4. The evolution of the blaCTX-M gene in M. morganii was a consequence of aquatic pollution. The other isolates Acinetobacter pittii and Providencia rettgeri were found in the clean reference site. The isolate M. morganii showed resistance to most mutual antibiotics and expressed some β-lactamase genes.
Conclusion:
Our findings provide useful data for selecting marine molecular genomic biomarkers caused by aquatic pollution.
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Omran Z, Sheikh R, Baothman OA, Zamzami MA, Alarjah M. Repurposing Disulfiram as an Anti-Obesity Drug: Treating and Preventing Obesity in High-Fat-Fed Rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1473-1480. [PMID: 32440176 PMCID: PMC7210036 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s254267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A drug repurposing strategy is an approach for identifying new therapeutic uses for approved or investigational drugs. Thanks to the moderate cost of repurposing a drug compared to bringing new chemical entity to the market, drug repurposing is rapidly gaining ground. The aim of this work is to study the anti-obesity effect of disulfiram (DSF), an irreversible aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat chronic alcoholism since 1951. METHODS Thirty male Albino rats were randomly assigned to six groups. G1, the control group, was given a standard diet. G2, the positive control group, was given a high-fat diet (HFD). G3 was given an HFD, and DSF 50 mg/kg/day was administered orally from day one for six weeks. G4 was given an HFD, and DSF 200 mg/kg/day was administered orally from day one for six weeks. G5 was given an HFD for six weeks; then treatment started with 50 mg/kg/day DSF orally. G6 was given an HFD for six weeks; then treatment started with 200 mg/kg/day DSF orally for three weeks. The body weight, food consumption and blood glucose levels were monitored over the given time interval. RESULTS Both doses of DSF significantly limited the body weight gain caused by an HFD for the treated animals. HF-fed rats received 50 and 200 mg/kg/day of DSF had their body weight increased by 51.93 ± 7.89% and 20.88 ± 15.05% respectively, whereas the body weight of control animals increased by 93.1 ± 20.04%. DSF also significantly decreased the body weight of obese animals. At 50 and 200 mg/kg/day of DSF, HF-fed rats lost 16.74 ± 8.61% and 23.9 ± 3.93% respectively, as their untreated counterparts had their body weight increased by 11.85 ± 3.79% after three weeks of treatment, thus restoring a body weight matching those who received a standard diet. CONCLUSION FDA-approved disulfiram has a strong anti-obesity effect on HFD-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Omran
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah21955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Ziad Omran College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyya, Makkah21955, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaTel +966 5 46461441 Email
| | - Ryan Sheikh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A Baothman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alarjah
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah21955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Choudhry H, Bakhrebah MA, Abdulaal WH, Zamzami MA, Baothman OA, Hassan MA, Zeyadi M, Helmi N, Alzahrani F, Ali A, Zakaria MK, Kamal MA, Warsi MK, Ahmed F, Rasool M, Jamal MS. Middle East respiratory syndrome: pathogenesis and therapeutic developments. Future Virol 2019; 14:237-246. [PMID: 32201499 PMCID: PMC7080179 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified in the year 2012, which spread rapidly and increased to more than 2200 in 2018. This highly pathogenic virus with high mortality rate is among one of the major public health concerns. Saudi Arabia remains to be the most affected region with the majority of MERS-CoV cases, and currently, no effective drugs and vaccines are available for prevention and treatment. A large amount of information is now available regarding the virus, its structure, route of transmission and its pathophysiology. Therefore, this review summarizes the current understanding of MERS-CoV's pathogenesis, treatment options and recent scientific advancements in vaccine and other therapeutic developments, and the major steps taken for MERS prevention control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed A Bakhrebah
- Life Science & environment Research Institute, National Center for Genome Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia.,Life Science & environment Research Institute, National Center for Genome Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A Baothman
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Yemen.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Yemen
| | - Mustafa Zeyadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer & Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alzahrani
- Hematology Lab Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Hematology Lab Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Ali
- Hematology Lab Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25 - 71122, Foggia, Italy.,Hematology Lab Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25 - 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mohammad Khalid Zakaria
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, GU240NF, Surrey, United Kingdom.,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, GU240NF, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin Khan Warsi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, GU240NF, Surrey, United Kingdom.,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, GU240NF, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, GU240NF, Surrey, United Kingdom.,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, GU240NF, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Sarwar Jamal
- Hematology Lab Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Hematology Lab Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Rasool M, Malik A, Ghuman AA, Ashraf MAB, Arooj M, Waquar S, Zahid S, Shaheen S, Qazi A, Naseer MI, Zamzami MA, Al-Ghafari A, Baothman OA, Zeyadi M, Helmi N, Choudhry H, Jamal MS, Al-Qahtani MH. Implications of Isoprostanes and Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Having Potential Role in the Development of Colorectal Cancer in Males. Front Oncol 2018; 8:205. [PMID: 29930913 PMCID: PMC5999746 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and leading cause of death worldwide. Major risk factors involved in the development of CRC are increased dietary sources, genetics, and increasing age. Purpose of the study was to find the role of different variables in the progression of CRC. METHODOLOGY 50 blood samples from CRC patients and 20 samples from control were collected. Serum was separated from the blood by centrifugation. This serum was assessed for several antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, vitamin A, C, and E, and pro-oxidants such as malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and AGEs according to their respective protocols. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and isoprostanes were assessed by ELISA kits. RESULTS Lower levels of GSH (4.86 ± 0.78 vs 9.65 ± 1.13 μg/dl), SOD (0.08 ± 0.012 vs 0.46 ± 0.017 μg/dl), CAT (2.45 ± 0.03 vs 4.22 ± 0.19 μmol/mol of protein), and GRx (5.16 ± 0.06 vs 7.23 ± 0.36 μmol/ml) in the diseased group were recorded as compared with control. Higher levels of GPx (6.64 ± 0.19 mmol/dl) were observed in the subjects in comparison with control group (1.58 ± 0.30 mmol/dl). Highly significant decreased levels of vitamin A (0.81 ± 0.07 vs 2.37 ± 0.15 mg/ml), vitamin E (15.42 ± 1.26 vs 25.96 ± 2.19 mg/ml), and vitamin C (47.67 ± 7.69 vs 80.37 ± 10.21 mg/ml) were observed in the patients in contrast to control group. The reversal of antioxidants in later stages of CRC may be due to compensatory mechanisms in cancerous cells. The levels of MDA (nmol/ml) were also assessed, which shows significantly increased level in CRC patients as compared with control groups (3.67 ± 0.19 vs 1.31 ± 0.27). The levels of protein oxidation products [AGEs (2.74 ± 0.16 vs 0.84 ± 0.05 IU) and AOPPs (1.32 ± 0.02 vs 0.82 ± 0.07 ng/ml)] were significantly increased in subjects as compared with control. The levels of MMP-7 (64.75 ± 3.03 vs 50.61 ± 4.09 ng/ml) and isoprostanes (0.71 ± 0.03 vs 0.16 ± 0.02 ng/ml) were also analyzed. This shows that the levels of isoprostanes increased due to high lipid peroxidation mediate higher levels of MMP-7, which promotes development of CRC. CONCLUSION Following study suggested that elevated oxidative and inflammatory status along with lipid peroxidation and matrix metalloproteinases are the chief contributors in the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Mahwish Arooj
- University College of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sulayman Waquar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sara Zahid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Shaheen
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Qazi
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A. Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat Al-Ghafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A. Baothman
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Zeyadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Eissa FA, Choudhry H, Abdulaal WH, Baothman OA, Zeyadi M, Moselhy SS, Zamzami MA. POSSIBLE HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC EFFECT OF GINGER AND ROSEMARY OILS IN RATS. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2017; 14:188-200. [PMID: 28638882 PMCID: PMC5471466 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for development of atherosclerosis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential effect of ginger oil alone or combined with rosemary oil as hypocholesterolemic agent in rats fed high fat diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy female albino rats (n=80) weighting about (150-180 g) were included in this study divided into two equal groups; Group (I): were fed on the basal diet. Group (I) were divided into 4 subgroups each 10: Group (Ia): negative control. Group (Ib): Rats received i.p 2.5 g/Kg b.w of ginger oil. Group (Ic): rats received i.p 2.5 g/Kg b.w of rosemary oil. Group (Id): Rats received i.p 5 g/Kg b.w mixture of ginger oil and rosemary oil (1:1). The second main groups; Group (II): high fat diet (HFD) were fed on the basal diet plus cholesterol (1%), bile salt (0.25%) and animal fat (15%) to induce hypercholesterolemia for six weeks. Group (II) was divided into 4subgroups: Group (IIa): HFD. Group (IIb): HFD were treated with i.p 2.5 g/Kg b.w ginger oil. Group (IIc): (n=10) HFD were treated with i.p 2.5 g/Kg b.w rosemary oil. Group (IId): (n=10) HFD were treated with i.p 5 g/Kg b.w mixture of oils. RESULTS It was found that HFD rats showed a significant elevation in glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase and a reduction in serum HDL-c compared with negative control. Treatment with ginger oil, rosemary oil and their mixture modulated the elevation of these parameters. Histopathological examination of the liver tissue of HFD rats showed a lipid deposition and macrophage infiltration and stenosis of hepatic vein. Treatment with mixture oils preserves normal structure of liver. CONCLUSION It was concluded that, hypocholesterolemic effect was related to the active oil content as Rosemary oil contain - α-pinene, Camphor, cineole, borneol and Ginger oil contain Linalool, Terpineol, Borneol, Eucalyptol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A. Eissa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of science, King Abdulaziz University
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of science, King Abdulaziz University
- Cancer and mutagensis Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, KingAbdulaziz University
- Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of science, King Abdulaziz University
- Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University
| | | | - Mustafa Zeyadi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of science, King Abdulaziz University
| | - Said S. Moselhy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of science, King Abdulaziz University
- Experimental biochemistry unit, King Fahad Medical Research center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 21424, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University
| | - Mazin A. Zamzami
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of science, King Abdulaziz University
- Cancer and mutagensis Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, KingAbdulaziz University
- Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University
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Zohny SF, Baothman OA, El-Shinawi M, Al-Malki AL, Zamzami MA, Choudhry H. The KIP/CIP family members p21^{Waf1/Cip1} and p57^{Kip2} as diagnostic markers for breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2017; 18:413-423. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir F. Zohny
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Othman A. Baothman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A. Zamzami
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Baothman OA, Zamzami MA, Taher I, Abubaker J, Abu-Farha M. The role of Gut Microbiota in the development of obesity and Diabetes. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:108. [PMID: 27317359 PMCID: PMC4912704 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated complications like type 2 diabetes (T2D) are reaching epidemic stages. Increased food intake and lack of exercise are two main contributing factors. Recent work has been highlighting an increasingly more important role of gut microbiota in metabolic disorders. It’s well known that gut microbiota plays a major role in the development of food absorption and low grade inflammation, two key processes in obesity and diabetes. This review summarizes key discoveries during the past decade that established the role of gut microbiota in the development of obesity and diabetes. It will look at the role of key metabolites mainly the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) that are produced by gut microbiota and how they impact key metabolic pathways such as insulin signalling, incretin production as well as inflammation. It will further look at the possible ways to harness the beneficial aspects of the gut microbiota to combat these metabolic disorders and reduce their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman A Baothman
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Taher
- Faculty of Medicine, Aljouf University, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
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