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Layeghi-Ghalehsoukhteh S, Pal Choudhuri S, Ocal O, Zolghadri Y, Pashkov V, Niederstrasser H, Posner BA, Kantheti HS, Azevedo-Pouly AC, Huang H, Girard L, MacDonald RJ, Brekken RA, Wilkie TM. Concerted cell and in vivo screen for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) chemotherapeutics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20662. [PMID: 33244070 PMCID: PMC7693321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PDA is a major cause of US cancer-related deaths. Oncogenic Kras presents in 90% of human PDAs. Kras mutations occur early in pre-neoplastic lesions but are insufficient to cause PDA. Other contributing factors early in disease progression include chronic pancreatitis, alterations in epigenetic regulators, and tumor suppressor gene mutation. GPCRs activate heterotrimeric G-proteins that stimulate intracellular calcium and oncogenic Kras signaling, thereby promoting pancreatitis and progression to PDA. By contrast, Rgs proteins inhibit Gi/q-coupled GPCRs to negatively regulate PDA progression. Rgs16::GFP is expressed in response to caerulein-induced acinar cell dedifferentiation, early neoplasia, and throughout PDA progression. In genetically engineered mouse models of PDA, Rgs16::GFP is useful for pre-clinical rapid in vivo validation of novel chemotherapeutics targeting early lesions in patients following successful resection or at high risk for progressing to PDA. Cultured primary PDA cells express Rgs16::GFP in response to cytotoxic drugs. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, TSA, stimulated Rgs16::GFP expression in PDA primary cells, potentiated gemcitabine and JQ1 cytotoxicity in cell culture, and Gem + TSA + JQ1 inhibited tumor initiation and progression in vivo. Here we establish the use of Rgs16::GFP expression for testing drug combinations in cell culture and validation of best candidates in our rapid in vivo screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Layeghi-Ghalehsoukhteh
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shreoshi Pal Choudhuri
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ozhan Ocal
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yalda Zolghadri
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Victor Pashkov
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hanspeter Niederstrasser
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Bruce A Posner
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Havish S Kantheti
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Cancer Discovery (CanDisc) Group, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ana C Azevedo-Pouly
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Huocong Huang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luc Girard
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Raymond J MacDonald
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas M Wilkie
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Ocal O, Peker A, Balci S, Arat A. Placement of a Stent within a Flow Diverter Improves Aneurysm Occlusion Rates. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1932-1938. [PMID: 31582390 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Placement of a stent within a flow diverter has been described previously but its consequences have not been analyzed. We evaluated the clinical and angiographic results of stent placement within a flow diverter during the same treatment session. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients treated with a Surpass flow diverter were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with previously deployed stents and procedures in which scaffolding stents, a second flow diverter, or intrasaccular devices were used were excluded. Patient and aneurysm characteristics and clinical and imaging follow-up results were compared between stented and nonstented Surpass flow-diverter groups and stent assisted coiling. RESULTS Thirty-five patients (41 aneurysms) were treated with a Surpass flow diverter only (monotherapy group), and in 33 patients (35 aneurysms), a stent was placed within the Surpass flow diverter (stented group). Stents were placed inside the Surpass flow diverter for a variety of reasons at the operator's discretion. No statistical difference was noted between the 2 groups in age, body weight, sex, history of thromboembolic events, smoking, platelet inhibition levels, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, malignancy, and aneurysm location. Aneurysms in the stented group were larger than those in the monotherapy group (14.8 versus 9.1 mm, P < .001). The rate of clinically significant adverse events and complete aneurysm occlusion rates at 0-3 and 3-6 months (73.3% versus 61.3%, P = .31, and 84.8% versus 70.2%, P = .14) were similar. At 9-12 months, a significantly higher proportion of aneurysms in the stented group achieved complete occlusion (93.9% versus 73.2%, P = .019). There was a trend toward a higher obliteration rate on final follow-up in the stented group (93.9% versus 82.9%, P = .14). CONCLUSIONS Placement of a stent within a flow diverter increases the rate of aneurysm occlusion. We propose that these results are from improved flow-diverter apposition due to the higher radial force of intracranial stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ocal
- From the Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Peker
- From the Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Balci
- From the Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Arat
- From the Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Ocal O, MacDonald R, Brekken RA, Wilkie T. Investigation of oncogenic G‐protein coupled receptor signaling pathways in
Kras
dependent pancreatic cancer cell lines. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.647.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozhan Ocal
- Molecular Biology and GeneticsBilkent UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | | | - Rolf A. Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology ResearchUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
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Wieczorek M, Tcherkezian J, Bernier C, Prota AE, Chaaban S, Rolland Y, Godbout C, Hancock MA, Arezzo JC, Ocal O, Rocha C, Olieric N, Hall A, Ding H, Bramoullé A, Annis MG, Zogopoulos G, Harran PG, Wilkie TM, Brekken RA, Siegel PM, Steinmetz MO, Shore GC, Brouhard GJ, Roulston A. The synthetic diazonamide DZ-2384 has distinct effects on microtubule curvature and dynamics without neurotoxicity. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:365ra159. [PMID: 27856798 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are widely used anticancer agents, but toxicities such as neuropathy limit their clinical use. MTAs bind to and alter the stability of microtubules, causing cell death in mitosis. We describe DZ-2384, a preclinical compound that exhibits potent antitumor activity in models of multiple cancer types. It has an unusually high safety margin and lacks neurotoxicity in rats at effective plasma concentrations. DZ-2384 binds the vinca domain of tubulin in a distinct way, imparting structurally and functionally different effects on microtubule dynamics compared to other vinca-binding compounds. X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy studies demonstrate that DZ-2384 causes straightening of curved protofilaments, an effect proposed to favor polymerization of tubulin. Both DZ-2384 and the vinca alkaloid vinorelbine inhibit microtubule growth rate; however, DZ-2384 increases the rescue frequency and preserves the microtubule network in nonmitotic cells and in primary neurons. This differential modulation of tubulin results in a potent MTA therapeutic with enhanced safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Wieczorek
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Joseph Tcherkezian
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Cynthia Bernier
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sami Chaaban
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Yannève Rolland
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Claude Godbout
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Mark A Hancock
- McGill SPR-MS Facility, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Joseph C Arezzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10561, USA
| | - Ozhan Ocal
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cecilia Rocha
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Natacha Olieric
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Anita Hall
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexandre Bramoullé
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - George Zogopoulos
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Patrick G Harran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas M Wilkie
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Gordon C Shore
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gary J Brouhard
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Anne Roulston
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Choudhuri SP, Zolghadri Y, Mascarenhas L, Ocal O, Wilkie T. Abstract 5518: Rgs8 and Rgs16 are tumor suppressor genes in mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have identified regulators of G protein signaling (Rgs8 and Rgs16) as a new class of tumor suppressor genes in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). PDA is the 3rd leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. Kras mutations (e.g. KrasG12D) are associated with over 90% of human PDA and are an early event in the multistep process leading to PDA. Kras can be activated by protein kinase and G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signaling. Rgs proteins regulate GPCR signaling by accelerating the GTPase activity of Gq- and Gi class alpha subunits. Activating alleles of Gq that are resistant to Rgs inhibition are associated with PDA in humans. We found Rgs8 and Rgs16 are in vivo reporters of Kras activity in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), and PDA progression (DMM 8, 2015). Rgs8 and Rgs16 are expressed in PanIN and IPMN, precursors of PDA, in KC mice (LSL-KrasG12D; p48::Cre). To test if Rgs8-16 function as tumor suppressor genes, we crossed the Rgs8-16 double knockout into KC (termed KCR8-16) mice. Compared to KC, PDA initiates earlier, is more aggressive, and KCR8-16 mice die earlier. Our study suggests that Rgs8 and Rgs16 control Kras-dependent PDA initiation and progression.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Shreoshi Pal Choudhuri, Yalda Zolghadri, Luke Mascarenhas, Ozhan Ocal, Thomas Wilkie. Rgs8 and Rgs16 are tumor suppressor genes in mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5518. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5518
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ozhan Ocal
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Ocal O, Pashkov V, Kollipara RK, Lorens JB, Swift GH, Brekken RA, Wilkie TM. Abstract 5182: A rapid in vivo screen for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma therapeutics using the tumor marker Rgs16::GFP. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the most lethal major cancer in the USA due to lack of early diagnostics and effective treatments. Activating Kras mutations (such as KrasG12D) occur early in tumor progression and are present in about 90% of PDA. Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasms (PanIN) are the most common initial neoplastic lesions and those with activating Kras alleles typically progress to carcinoma in situ and metastasize.
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK) and G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR) can indirectly activate Kras and are therefore potential drug targets. We previously showed that a feedback inhibitor of GPCRs, Regulator of G-protein Signaling 16 (Rgs16), is expressed in pancreatic progenitors during embryonic development. Rgs16 expression continues postnatally in ducts and beta cells during isletogenesis but is absent in normal glycemic adults. On the other hand, Rgs16 expression returns to ducts and islet beta cells after chronic hyperglycemia in mouse models of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Our hypothesis is that Rgs16::GFP is induced in these pancreatic cells in response to GPCR agonists released during chronic stress. In an effort to conduct drug screens in primary duct cell culture, we investigated Rgs16::GFP expression in pancreatic neoplasia by crossing it into a mouse model of aggressive PDA, called KIC (KrasG12D; Cdkn2aL/L; Ptf1a::Cre).
In Rgs16::GFP-KIC mice, Rgs16 was expressed at the initiation of PDA in early PanINs, as early as two weeks after birth (P15), and throughout tumor progression. Rgs16::GFP expression increased with tumor mass through one month of age (P29). We used this tumor specific characteristic of Rgs16 expression to set-up a two-week in vivo quantitative assay to test chemotherapeutic drug effectiveness. In a proof-of-principle study, the standard PDA therapeutics gemcitabine and nab-Paclitaxel reduced Rgs16::GFP expression and tumor burden compared to untreated mice at P29. Targeting Axl, an RTK highly expressed in PDA, with two different inhibitors of Axl signaling, BGB324 or warfarin, in combination with gemcitabine and nab-Paclitaxel further reduced PDA initiation and progression compared to standard chemotherapy alone. Survival studies with Rgs16::GFP-KIC mice showed that treatment with gemcitabine and warfarin extended median life span about two weeks while nearly doubling the maximum life span compared to untreated group.
In summary, Rgs16::GFP-KIC mice provide an in vivo model to rapidly identify more effective PDA chemotherapeutics and treatment protocols.
Citation Format: Ozhan Ocal, Victor Pashkov, Rahul K. Kollipara, James B. Lorens, Galvin H. Swift, Rolf A. Brekken, Thomas M. Wilkie. A rapid in vivo screen for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma therapeutics using the tumor marker Rgs16::GFP. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozhan Ocal
- 1UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Wieczorek M, Tcherkezian J, Bernier C, Ocal O, Chabaan S, Rolland Y, Godbout C, Hancock M, Rocha C, Olieric N, Prota AE, Steinmetz MO, Wilkie TM, Brekken RA, Ding H, Harran P, Shore GC, Brouhard G, Roulston A. Abstract A188: Diazonamide DZ 2384, a potential therapeutic for pancreatic cancer, binds to tubulin with a unique impact on microtubule dynamics and tubulin curvature. Mol Cancer Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-15-a188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Microtubules are critical for cell proliferation, cellular invasion, migration and trafficking. As such, anti-mitotic tubulin binding agents continue to be a cornerstone of adjuvant chemotherapies across many different tumor indications. A major challenge in the development of new anti-tubulin agents is to overcome toxicities associated with targeting microtubule dynamics while maintaining a high degree of anti-cancer potency.
Diazonamide A is a natural product isolated from Diazona angulata, which has previously been shown to block cell division at mitosis but with an unusual safety profile compared to other anti-mitotics. DZ 2384 is a novel and more potent synthetic analog of diazonamide A. In an unbiased functional genomics, biochemical and high resolution structure approach to determine its cellular target, we found that DZ 2384 binds in the vinca domain of tubulin but imparts distinct effects on microtubule dynamics compared to vinorelbine that targets the same site. DZ 2384 and vinorelbine both inhibit the growth rate of microtubules; however, DZ 2384 also increases the rescue frequency while vinorelbine decreases the growth length of microtubules increasing the time spent in a paused or attenuated state. These dynamic characteristics are consistent with the observations that the microtubule network is preserved in interphase cells and in primary cortical neurons treated with DZ 2384 compared to vinorelbine. X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy studies demonstrate that DZ 2384 causes a straightening of curved protofilaments, an effect that has not been observed for other vinca-domain binders so far, and which may account for the observed differences in microtubule dynamics and toxicity of this class of compounds.
DZ 2384 has potent anti-tumor activity in xenograft models of pancreatic and colon cancer and a higher therapeutic window than vinorelbine considering body weight, blood chemistry, hematology and bone marrow. DZ 2384 was also tested in a KrasG12D-driven genetically engineered murine model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that carries a Rgs16::GFP reporter transgene to enable tumor burden quantitation. In this model, DZ 2384 demonstrates strong antitumor activity in combination with gemcitabine; comparable with or better than that of gemcitabine + Abraxane on developing pancreatic tumors. DZ 2384 also reduces new tumor formation in this model.
Taken together, DZ 2384 represents a novel class of microtubule-targeting agents that operates with a distinct mechanistic impact on microtubule dynamics and structure. We propose DZ 2384 as a promising new agent for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Citation Format: Michal Wieczorek, Joseph Tcherkezian, Cynthia Bernier, Ozhan Ocal, Sami Chabaan, Yanneve Rolland, Claude Godbout, Mark Hancock, Cecilia Rocha, Natacha Olieric, Andrea E. Prota, Michel O. Steinmetz, Thomas M. Wilkie, Rolf A. Brekken, Hui Ding, Patrick Harran, Gordon C. Shore, Gary Brouhard, Anne Roulston. Diazonamide DZ 2384, a potential therapeutic for pancreatic cancer, binds to tubulin with a unique impact on microtubule dynamics and tubulin curvature. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr A188.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ozhan Ocal
- 2UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Ding
- 4University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Patrick Harran
- 4University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Ocal O, Pashkov V, Kollipara RK, Zolghadri Y, Cruz VH, Hale MA, Heath BR, Artyukhin AB, Christie AL, Tsoulfas P, Lorens JB, Swift GH, Brekken RA, Wilkie TM. A rapid in vivo screen for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma therapeutics. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1201-11. [PMID: 26438693 PMCID: PMC4610235 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.020933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, and is projected to be second by 2025. It has the worst survival rate among all major cancers. Two pressing needs for extending life expectancy of affected individuals are the development of new approaches to identify improved therapeutics, addressed herein, and the identification of early markers. PDA advances through a complex series of intercellular and physiological interactions that drive cancer progression in response to organ stress, organ failure, malnutrition, and infiltrating immune and stromal cells. Candidate drugs identified in organ culture or cell-based screens must be validated in preclinical models such as KIC (p48(Cre);LSL-Kras(G12D);Cdkn2a(f/f)) mice, a genetically engineered model of PDA in which large aggressive tumors develop by 4 weeks of age. We report a rapid, systematic and robust in vivo screen for effective drug combinations to treat Kras-dependent PDA. Kras mutations occur early in tumor progression in over 90% of human PDA cases. Protein kinase and G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling activates Kras. Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins are coincidence detectors that can be induced by multiple inputs to feedback-regulate GPCR signaling. We crossed Rgs16::GFP bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice with KIC mice and show that the Rgs16::GFP transgene is a Kras(G12D)-dependent marker of all stages of PDA, and increases proportionally to tumor burden in KIC mice. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of cultured primary PDA cells reveals characteristics of embryonic progenitors of pancreatic ducts and endocrine cells, and extraordinarily high expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl, an emerging cancer drug target. In proof-of-principle drug screens, we find that weanling KIC mice with PDA treated for 2 weeks with gemcitabine (with or without Abraxane) plus inhibitors of Axl signaling (warfarin and BGB324) have fewer tumor initiation sites and reduced tumor size compared with the standard-of-care treatment. Rgs16::GFP is therefore an in vivo reporter of PDA progression and sensitivity to new chemotherapeutic drug regimens such as Axl-targeted agents. This screening strategy can potentially be applied to identify improved therapeutics for other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozhan Ocal
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Victor Pashkov
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rahul K Kollipara
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yalda Zolghadri
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Victoria H Cruz
- Department of Surgery and Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael A Hale
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Blake R Heath
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alex B Artyukhin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Alana L Christie
- Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Pantelis Tsoulfas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - James B Lorens
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Galvin H Swift
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA Department of Surgery and Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Thomas M Wilkie
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Ocal O, Zolghadri Y, Swift GH, Brekken RA, Wilkie TM. Abstract LB-130: Reporter genes for a rapid in vivo screen of PDA therapeutics are required for energy homeostasis in pancreatic cancer-associated malnutrition. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-lb-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the 4th leading cause of cancer related deaths. Limited progress in developing effective therapy for PDA is partially due to the lack of a robust in vivo screen for effective drug combinations. Kras mutations (e.g. KrasG12D) are found in over 90% of human PDA and occur early in tumor progression. G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) and protein kinase signaling can initiate Ras activation. Regulators of G-protein Signaling (RGS) proteins are coincidence detectors of Ras activation that feedback regulate, by virtue of their GTPase Activating Protein (GAP) activity, the intensity and duration of Gi- and Gq-coupled GPCR signaling. RGS-resistant mutations in Gq have been associated with PDA. We show a Rgs16::GFP transgene is a KrasG12D-dependent marker of all stages of neoplasia in the LSL-KrasG12D; Cdkn2af/f; p48Cre (KIC) mice. GFP is proportional to and coincident with tumor burden. Although KrasG12D is expressed in embryonic pancreas progenitor cells and in all mature acinar cells, Rgs16::GFP expression in tumors first emerges in ductal PanINs as early as 12 days post birth. The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is highly expressed in PDA progenitor cells. The Gas6 ligand evokes Axl signaling in epithelial progenitor cells and contributes to activation of KrasG12D, PDA initiation and progression. In a proof-of-principle for drug screens, we determined that warfarin, which blocks maturation of Gas6, an Axl agonist, combined with the standard of care Gemcitabine and Abraxane (GA), significantly reduced PDA progression.
In humans, partial pancreatic deficiency often precedes pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic insufficiency develops by 5 weeks in KC (LSL-KrasG12D;p48Cre) mice that express KrasG12D in all pancreas cells. KrasG12D, in the context of wild type Cdkn2a, causes dedifferentiation of acinar cells and a drastic reduction in digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas. KC mice become malnourished but can survive over one year before succumbing to PDA. We find Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN) in KC mice express Rgs16::GFP by 2 weeks of age. We crossed the Rgs8-16 double knockout into KC (KC-R) mice to test if Rgs8-16 are tumor suppressor genes. Most KC-R mice die before 4 months of age because they can not maintain energy homeostasis - Rgs8-16 are required in liver to conserve energy utilization in malnourished mice. The effects of Rgs8-16 deficiency on exocrine pancreas function, acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), apoptosis and tumor progression in KC-R mice are under investigation. As a reporter gene, Rgs16::GFP faithfully tracks PDA progression and sensitivity to new drug regimens that inhibit KrasG12D mediated oncogenesis. Supported by NCI CA161624.
Citation Format: Ozhan Ocal, Yalda Zolghadri, Galvin H. Swift, Rolf A. Brekken, Thomas M. Wilkie. Reporter genes for a rapid in vivo screen of PDA therapeutics are required for energy homeostasis in pancreatic cancer-associated malnutrition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-130. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-130
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozhan Ocal
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Zolghadri Y, Ocal O, Wilkie T. Rgs8‐16 are Required for Energy Homeostasis in Pancreatic Cancer‐Associated Malnutrition. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.618.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Zolghadri
- Pharmacololgy UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUnited States
| | - Ozhan Ocal
- Pharmacololgy UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUnited States
| | - Thomas Wilkie
- Pharmacololgy UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUnited States
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Ocal O, Heath B, Rivera LB, Pashkov V, Swift GH, Brekken RA, Wilkie TM. Abstract B19: Rapid in vivo screen of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma therapeutics. Mol Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.rasonc14-b19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths. Limited progress has been made in developing effective therapy for PDA. Compounding this challenge has been the lack of a systematic and robust in vivo screen for effective drug combinations. Kras mutations (e.g. KrasG12D) are found in over 90% of human PDA and occur early in tumor progression. Protein kinase and G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signaling can initiate Ras activation. Regulators of G-protein Signaling (RGS) proteins are coincidence detectors that can be induced by and integrate multiple inputs to feedback regulate GPCR signaling. We previously described Rgs16 expression during embryonic and postnatal pancreas development in pancreatic progenitors, endocrine cells and ductal-associated cells. Here, we show that the Rgs16::GFP transgene is a KrasG12D dependent marker of all stages of neoplasia in the p48Cre; LSL-KrasG12D; Cdkn2af/f PDA mice. Although KrasG12D is expressed in embryonic pancreas progenitor cells and in all mature acinar cells, Rgs16::GFP expression in tumors first emerges in ductal pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms as early as 12 days post birth. The distribution and intensity of expression is proportional to and coincident with tumor burden. Rgs16::GFP expression in acinar cells of distal lobes initiates only after tumor occlusion of proximal ducts. The gene expression signature of primary PDA cells in culture obtained via RNA-seq is closely related to embryonic progenitors of pancreatic ducts and endocrine cells. PDA cells in culture are highly sensitive to the chemotherapic drug gemcitabine mediated cell death. In a proof-of-principle for drug screens, we find PDA weanling mice treated with gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel for two weeks have significantly lower Rgs16::GFP expression and reduced tumor size and occurrence. Rgs16::GFP is a novel in vivo reporter of PDA progression and sensitivity to new drug regimens that inhibit KrasG12D mediated oncogenesis.
Supported by NCI-CA161624
Citation Format: Ozhan Ocal, Blake Heath, Lee B. Rivera, Victor Pashkov, Galvin H. Swift, Rolf A. Brekken, Tom M. Wilkie. Rapid in vivo screen of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma therapeutics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on RAS Oncogenes: From Biology to Therapy; Feb 24-27, 2014; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B19. doi: 10.1158/1557-3125.RASONC14-B19
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozhan Ocal
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Ocal O, Heath B, Rivera L, Pashkov V, Swift G, Brekken R, Wilkie T. Rgs16 is an early marker of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (842.7). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.842.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozhan Ocal
- UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUnited States
| | - Blake Heath
- UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUnited States
| | - Lee Rivera
- UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUnited States
| | | | - Galvin Swift
- UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUnited States
| | - Rolf Brekken
- UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUnited States
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Ocal O, Asterholm IW, Brekken RA, Cleaver O, Scherer PE, Wilkie TM. Rgs16 is a pancreatic reporter of chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.759.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozhan Ocal
- PharmacologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - Ingrid W. Asterholm
- Internal Medicine and Touchstone Diabetes CenterUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - Rolf A. Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology ResearchUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | | | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Internal Medicine and Touchstone Diabetes CenterUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
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Villasenor A, Wang ZV, Rivera LB, Ocal O, Asterholm IW, Scherer PE, Brekken RA, Cleaver O, Wilkie TM. Rgs16 and Rgs8 in embryonic endocrine pancreas and mouse models of diabetes. Dis Model Mech 2010; 3:567-80. [PMID: 20616094 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.003210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by the loss, or gradual dysfunction, of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. Although beta-cells can replicate in younger adults, the available diabetes therapies do not specifically target beta-cell regeneration. Novel approaches are needed to discover new therapeutics and to understand the contributions of endocrine progenitors and beta-cell regeneration during islet expansion. Here, we show that the regulators of G protein signaling Rgs16 and Rgs8 are expressed in pancreatic progenitor and endocrine cells during development, then extinguished in adults, but reactivated in models of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (Glp-1)/incretin mimetic that stimulates beta-cell expansion, insulin secretion and normalization of blood glucose levels in diabetics, also promoted re-expression of Rgs16::GFP within a few days in pancreatic ductal-associated cells and islet beta-cells. These findings show that Rgs16::GFP and Rgs8::GFP are novel and early reporters of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-stimulated beta-cell expansion after therapeutic treatment and in diabetes models. Rgs16 and Rgs8 are likely to control aspects of islet progenitor cell activation, differentiation and beta-cell expansion in embryos and metabolically stressed adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethia Villasenor
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
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Ocal O, Villasenor A, Wang Z, Rivera L, Asterholm IW, Artyukhin A, Scherer P, Brekken R, Cleaver O, Wilkie T. Rgs16 is an early marker for islet formation and beta cell expansion in diabetics. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.587.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Touchstone Diabetes Center
| | - Lee Rivera
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research
| | | | | | - Philipp Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Touchstone Diabetes Center
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - Rolf Brekken
- Department of Pharmacology
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research
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