Pilot study of peer modeling with psychological inoculation to promote coronavirus vaccination

Promoting coronavirus vaccination is deterred by misinformation, ranging from elaborate conspiracy theories about sinister purposes to exaggeration of side effects, largely promulgated by social media. In this pilot study, we tested the effects of different messages on actions leading to vaccination. Two theory-based advertisements were produced for Facebook, which provided video testimonials from peer role models recommending vaccination and its benefits while providing psychological inoculation through the models' acknowledging misinformation, rejecting it and receiving the vaccine. These ads were paid to appear on Facebook users' feeds in rural counties in South Texas, along with a generic vaccine promotion ad from the CDC without peer models or psychological inoculation. Ad viewers could click a link to 'find a vaccine near you'; these responses served as the outcome variable for assessing experimental effects. Ads featuring peer modeling with psychological inoculation yielded a significantly higher rate of positive responses than CDC ads (30.5 versus14.9/1000 people reached in English and 49.7 versus 31.5/1000 in Spanish; P < 0.001 for both English and Spanish rate comparisons). This provides useful pilot data supporting the hypothesis that theory-based communication, i.e. peer modeling with psychological inoculation, may be more effective than more traditional forms of advertising for promoting coronavirus vaccination.

Corrigendum to "Improving adherence to endocrine hormonal therapy among breast cancer patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial" [Contemp. Clin. Trials Commun. 12 (2018) 109-115]

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.10.001.].

Improving adherence to endocrine hormonal therapy among breast cancer patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Adjuvant endocrine hormonal therapy (EHT) is highly effective and appropriate for nearly all breast cancer patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors, which represent 75% of all breast cancer diagnoses. Long-term use of EHT reduces recurrence rates and nearly halves the risk of death during the second decade after diagnosis. Despite the proven benefits, about 33% of women receiving EHT do not take their medication as prescribed. This causes an increase in the risk for recurrence and death.

To promote adherence to EHT among breast cancer patients, this study will develop and pilot-test an intervention consisting of 1) a bilingual, culturally tailored, personalized, interactive smartphone application (app); and 2) support from a patient navigator. The control group will receive usual care. This 2-group randomized control trial will recruit 120 breast cancer patients receiving EHT at the Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio. The two-year study will have 3-time assessments (baseline, 3 and 6 months).

This theory-based intervention will empower patients' self-monitoring and management. It will facilitate patient education, identification/reporting of side effects, delivery of self-care advice, and simplify communication between the patient and the oncology team. The ultimate goal of this innovative multi-communication intervention is to improve overall survival and life expectancy, enhance quality of life, reduce recurrence, and decrease healthcare cost. The anticipated outcome is a scalable, evidence-based, and easily disseminated intervention with potentially broad use to patients using EHT and other oral anticancer agents.

Developing a media- and school-based program for substance abuse prevention among Hispanic youth: a case study of Mirame!/Look at Me!

Mirame!/Look at Me! is a substance abuse prevention program for low-income Mexican-American youth aged 9-13 years. The theory-driven curriculum, developed for mass distribution via a satellite television network, features social models who demonstrate cognitive-behavioral skills and display conservative norms regarding substance abuse. An 18-session curriculum contains 5-min videos that are assigned to be followed by discussion and social reinforcement from a teacher or volunteer. This case study reports the program development process and experiences in the initial dissemination of the program through national networks for schools and cable television subscribers.

Developing a theory-based anti-drug communication campaign for Hispanic children and parents

Recent research suggests some alarming substance abuse trends among Hispanic/Latino adolescents. Children in this age group are at a particularly vulnerable juncture in their lives, and early prevention efforts are warranted. For a national anti-drug campaign targeting this young Hispanic/Latino audience and their parents, the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy and the Partnership for a Drug-Free America are incorporating culturally appropriate messages based on behavioral science research and theories. The purpose of this article is to provide information and recommendations on relevant factors and influences in the Hispanic/Latino culture that should be addressed in designing and implementing this campaign.

Hispanic women's breast and cervical cancer knowledge, attitudes, and screening behaviors

PURPOSE

This study examined breast and cervical cancer knowledge, attitudes, and screening behaviors among different Hispanic populations in the United States.

DESIGN

Data were collected from a random digit dial telephone survey of 8903 Hispanic adults from eight U.S. sites. Across sites, the average response rate was 83%.

SETTING

Data were collected as part of the baseline assessment in a national Hispanic cancer control and prevention intervention study.

SUBJECTS

Analysis was restricted to 2239 Hispanic women age 40 and older who were self-identified as either Central American (n = 174), Cuban (n = 279), Mexican American (n = 1550), or Puerto Rican (n = 236).

MEASURES

A bilingual survey instrument was used to solicit information on age, education, income, health insurance coverage, language use, U.S.-born status, knowledge of screening guidelines, attitudes toward cancer, and screening participation. Differences in knowledge and attitudes across Hispanic groups were assessed by either chi-square tests or analysis of variance. Logistic regression models assessed the influence of knowledge and attitudes on screening participation.

RESULTS

The level of knowledge of guidelines ranged from 58.3% (Mexican Americans) to 71.8% (Cubans) for mammography, and from 41.1% (Puerto Ricans) to 55.6% (Cubans) for Pap smear among the different Hispanic populations. Attitudes also varied, with Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans having more negative or fatalistic views of cancer than Cuban or Central Americans. Knowledge was significantly related to age, education, income, language preference, and recent screening history. Overall, attitudes were not predictive of mammography and Pap smear behavior.

CONCLUSIONS

Factors related to mammography and Pap smear screening vary among the different Hispanic populations. Limitations include the cross-sectional nature of the study, self-reported measures of screening, and the limited assessment of attitudes. The data and diversity of Hispanic groups reinforce the position that ethno-regional characteristics should be clarified and addressed in cancer screening promotion efforts. The practical relationships among knowledge, attitudes, and cancer screening are not altogether clear and require further research.

Developing a media- and school-based program for substance abuse prevention among Hispanic youth: a case study of Mirame!/Look at me!

Mirame!/Look at Me! is a substance abuse prevention program for low-income Mexican American youth 9 to 13 years of age. The theory-driven curriculum, developed for mass distribution via a satellite television network, features social models who demonstrate cognitive-behavioral skills and display conservative norms regarding substance abuse. An 18-session curriculum contains 5-minute videos that are assigned to be followed by discussion and social reinforcement from a teacher or volunteer. This case study reports the program development process and experiences in the initial dissemination of the program through national networks for schools and cable television subscribers.