[Impact of the suicidal crisis intervention training program on the confidence and skills of hospital professionals in the Hauts-de-France region]

INTRODUCTION

Suicide is a major public health issue given its huge human and economic consequences. Symptoms prior to suicide are often not specific. Nevertheless, the majority of suicidal people express suicidal thoughts, and nearly one in two meet a health professional in the period preceding the act. Being able to recognize the warnings and intervene during the suicidal crisis, defined as a mental crisis where the major risk is suicide, is to seize the opportunity to postpone the suicidal plan and to gain time to implement in place lasting strategies to combat suffering. Thus, the training for suicidal crisis intervention is a major axis of the suicide prevention strategy. Recently, crisis intervention training programs have been updated with knowledge accumulated since the early 2000's. In France, one of the countries most concerned by suicide, the Hauts-de-France region is one of the most impacted. In this context, the Regional Health Agency of Hauts-de-France included in its Regional Health Program of 2018-2023 the training of healthcare workers who work with high suicidal risk patients. The suicidal crisis intervention training program (SCIT) has been introduced to hospital staffs in Hauts-de-France. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this program.

METHODS

Eight training sessions with 15 to 21 participants were carried out from 2019 November to 2021 January in the Hauts-de-France region. Participants were volunteer healthcare professionals in direct contact with suicidal crisis patients. The training included three modules. The first one concerned the suicidal crisis intervention training: definition of the suicidal crisis, typology of the crisis, vulnerability development, crisis evaluation and crisis intervention practice. The second concerned the evaluation with the RED scale (Risk-Emergency-Danger) and the adequate patient orientation to a psychiatric unit. The third was dedicated to the Gatekeeper training with the constitution of a Gatekeeper network to enhance the capacity to detect suicidal risk and to orient the concerned person towards an adequate evaluation or care organization. We evaluated the first two levels of the Kirkpatrick's model: level 1) the participant's satisfaction (rated out of 10), and level 2) the degree of confidence in their professional abilities (rated out of 10) and their skills in responding to a person in a suicidal crisis (using the SIRI-2-VF - French version of the Suicide Intervention Response Inventory-2). The participants were interviewed before (T0), just after (T1) and at one month of training (T2).

RESULTS

Among the 141 health professionals who followed the training, 139 answered the questionnaire at least one time (13 psychologists, 22 doctors, 97 nurses and 7 head nurses). The participation rates were 99.3 % at T0, 96.4 % at T1 and 46.0 % at T2. Most of the participants were nurses (69.8 %), and 33.1 % of the respondents declared they had already followed a suicidal crisis training. The satisfaction with the training was evaluated at 8.6 (± 1.3) out of 10. There was no significant difference among the professions, neither between those having already received or not a previous training. The self-perceived capacity to manage a suicidal crisis was rate 6.8 (± 1.8) out of 10 at T0. There was a significant increase just after the training (8.1±1.2 vs 6,8±1,8, p<0,001) which persisted at 1 month (8.1±1.1 vs 6.8±1.8, P<0.001). The score at the SIRI-2-VF was 15.0 (± 4.2) out of 30 at T0. There was a significant increase just after the training (17.5±3.5 vs 15.0±4.2, P<0.001), which persisted at 1 month (17.0±4.0 vs 15.0±4.2, P<0.001).

DISCUSSION

This is the first evaluation of the suicidal crisis intervention training program. This program increased and homogenized the competency of the participants to manage suicidal ideation and behaviors. Those who followed a previous training maintained higher scores than the others, which shows the importance of repeated training to maintain a satisfying level of knowledge over the long term. One of the strengths of this training is the use of roleplay which enhances the learning and abilities to interact with people at suicidal risk. It seems important to integrate a suicidal crisis intervention training in the cursus of health students to avoid suicide and the dramatic consequences for the entourage and the health professionals who are confronted with it.

CONCLUSION

The SCIT program showed encouraging results in terms of confidence and capacity of the healthcare professionals to intervene in suicidal crisis.

Impact of emotional and cognitive saliency on visual search in post-traumatic stress disorder

Introduction

Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have shown disturbances in visual information treatment. However, most of studies demonstrated attentional bias towards emotional stimuli by using non-ecological paradigm. The paradigm of change blindness offers the possibility of studying sensitivity to the sudden irruption of visual information with ecological stimuli.

Objectives/Aims

To compare the explicit detection with the implicit detection by using respectively motor response and eye tracking in patients with PSTD and controls.

Methods

Fifteen patients with PTSD and fifteen healthy controls had to detect changes in 96 scenes with (1) no change, (2) one neutral change or (3) one emotional pleasant or unpleasant change. We measured the participant's speed and accuracy in explicitly reporting the changes via motor responses, and their capacity to implicitly detect changes via eye movements.

Results

The patients showed a trend towards slower explicit detection for the emotional change (P = 0.06) and more specifically for unpleasant change (P = 0.054). The two groups did not differ for implicit detection.

Conclusion

Patients tend to explicitly detect more slowly emotional change (but not neutral), especially for unpleasant change. This could be the result of a lack of access to consciousness of the emotional information. The emotional visual information treatment in PSTD could require more attentional processes than the non-emotional visual information and then lead to a decrease of the available attentional resources for the explicit task.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.