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Holt D, Bouder F, Elemuwa C, Gaedicke G, Khamesipour A, Kisler B, Kochhar S, Kutalek R, Maurer W, Obermeier P, Seeber L, Trusko B, Gould S, Rath B. The importance of the patient voice in vaccination and vaccine safety-are we listening? Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22 Suppl 5:S146-S153. [PMID: 27939015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Much has been written about the patient-physician relationship over the years. This relationship is essential in maintaining trust in the complex arena of modern diagnostic techniques, treatment and prevention, including vaccines and vaccine safety. However, a great deal of this material was written from the viewpoint of clinicians and academics. The patient voice may be positive or negative, fragmented or complex. Information sources are weighed and treated differently, according to the value system and risk perceptions of the individual. In post-trust societies, when people have less confidence in health authorities, communication needs to be more than a paternalistic top-down process. Notions of empowerment and individual patient choice are becoming crucial in medical care. The 'voice of the patient', which includes healthy individuals receiving vaccines, needs to be heard, considered and addressed. With respect to childhood immunizations, this will be the voice of the parent or caregiver. The key to addressing any concerns could be to listen more and to develop a communication style that is trust-based and science-informed. Regulatory agencies are encouraging clinical and patient-reported outcomes research under the umbrella of personalized medicine, and this is an important step forward. This paper attempts to reflect the paradigm shift towards increasing attention to the patient voice in vaccination and vaccine safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Holt
- Confederation of Meningitis Organizations, Kerhars, Le Haut Corlay, France; The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Bouder
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of Technology and Society Studies, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - C Elemuwa
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; National Primary Healthcare Development Agency (NPHCDA), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - G Gaedicke
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Khamesipour
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Centre for Research & Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Kisler
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium, Austin, TX, USA
| | - S Kochhar
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India
| | - R Kutalek
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - W Maurer
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - P Obermeier
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of Paediatrics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Seeber
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of Paediatrics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Trusko
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; International Association of Innovation Professionals, Sugar Land, TX, USA
| | - S Gould
- SJG Consultancy, Lyon, France
| | - B Rath
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of Paediatrics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany.
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Gardner NJ, Savard T, Obermeier P, Caldwell G, Champagne CP. Selection and characterization of mixed starter cultures for lactic acid fermentation of carrot, cabbage, beet and onion vegetable mixtures. Int J Food Microbiol 2001; 64:261-75. [PMID: 11294348 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for the fermentation of cabbage, carrot and beet-based vegetable products was carried out. As part of a screening process, the growth of 15 cultures in a vegetable juice medium (VJM) was characterized by automated spectrophotometry. Acidification patterns as well as viability during storage of the LAB were also established. There were greater differences between the pure cultures than the mixed ones with respect to growth in VJM and viability during storage. Reductions in viable cell counts during storage of the fermented VJM occurred more rapidly with a Leuconostoc strain than for pediococci or lactobacilli. Inoculation of vegetables was carried out with cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum NK-312, Pediococcus acidilactici AFERM 772 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides BLAC which were rehydrated in a brine. This rehydration procedure was not detrimental to viability. During fermentation of a carrot/cabbage vegetable mix, sugar metabolism was characterized by the assimilation of both glucose and fructose, but sugars remained in the fermented vegetables when acidification stopped. The pH in the LAB-inoculated vegetables after 72 h at 20 degrees C was significantly lower (by 0.2 units) than the uninoculated control. Inoculation with LAB designed for silage fermentation resulted in the inhibition of acetic acid production, and reduced the production of ethanol during fermentation. The selection process on VJM enabled the preparation of a mixed culture that was more rapid than the silage inoculants in acidifying the medium and was more effective in reducing the production of gas during the fermentation and storage of the fermented vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Gardner
- Food Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Qué, Canada.
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