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Varpula J, Välimäki M, Lantta T, Berg J, Soininen P, Lahti M. Safety hazards in clinical practice of seclusion in psychiatric care. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9566598 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Seclusion is part of the clinical practice in European psychiatric hospital care with the aim to maintain the safety of patients and staff. Adverse events and harm have been reported for patients and staff resulting from seclusion. Safety hazards, which are the prerequisite of adverse events, can be identified using video observation methods. Identifying safety hazards can be used to prevent adverse events and improve the quality of psychiatric care. Objectives To identify safety hazards during seclusion in psychiatric hospital care. Methods Descriptive design with non-participant video-observation of seclusion care practice. Data consisted of video recordings (n = 36) from six wards of one psychiatric hospital in Finland. The data were analysed with inductive thematic analysis. Results Clinical practice of seclusion included safety hazards stemming from the actions of patients and staff. Patients’ actions were as follows: aggressive behaviour, attempting to escape, precarious movements, preventing the visibility of staff, exposing themselves to contamination, and falls during seclusion. Staff actions included: leaving dangerous items to seclusion, issues in the administration of medication, performing physical and mechanical restraints in unsecure way, and precarious movements and postures. Conclusions According to our results, the use of seclusion has safety hazards that can result in harm for patients and staff. To improve the quality and safety of seclusion in clinical practice, the guidelines, practices, and staff training need to consider the various safety hazards. While the work in Europe to abolish the use of seclusion is still in progress, this topic requires attention in clinical practice, education, and policymaking. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Ahola-Olli A, Wurtz P, Kettunen J, Ala-Korpela M, Kangas A, Soininen P, Jokelainen J, Ronnemaa T, Viikari J, Lehtimaki T, Juonala M, Perola M, Jarvelin M, Salomaa V, Raitakari O. P5362Metabolomic signature of incident type 2 diabetes: evidence from NMR in over 18,000 individuals. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p5362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Couto Alves A, Valcarcel B, Mäkinen VP, Morin-Papunen L, Sebert S, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Das S, De Iorio M, Coin L, Ala-Korpela M, Järvelin MR, Franks S. Metabolic profiling of polycystic ovary syndrome reveals interactions with abdominal obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1331-1340. [PMID: 28546543 PMCID: PMC5578435 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive disorder associated with metabolic disturbances including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Here we investigate whether changes in the metabolic profile of PCOS women are driven by increased tendency to obesity or are specific features of PCOS related to increased testosterone levels. Design and methods: We conducted an NMR metabolomics association study of PCOS cases (n=145) and controls (n=687) nested in a population-based birth cohort (n=3127). Subjects were 31 years old at examination. The main analyses were adjusted for waist circumference (WC) as a proxy measure of central obesity. Subsequently, metabolite concentrations were compared between cases and controls within pre-defined WC strata. In each stratum, additional metabolomics association analyses with testosterone levels were conducted separately among cases and controls. Results: Overall, women with PCOS showed more adverse metabolite profiles than the controls. Four lipid fractions in different subclasses of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were associated with PCOS, after adjusting for WC and correction for multiple testing (P<0.002). In stratified analysis the PCOS women within large WC strata (⩾98 cm) had significantly lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, Apo A1 and albumin values compared with the controls. Testosterone levels were significantly associated with VLDL and serum lipids in PCOS cases with large WC but not in the controls. The higher testosterone levels, adjusted for WC, associated adversely with insulin levels and HOMA IR in cases but not in the controls. Conclusions: Our findings show that both abdominal obesity and hyperandrogenism contribute to the dyslipidaemia and other metabolic traits of PCOS which all may negatively contribute to the long-term health of women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Couto Alves
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - B Valcarcel
- Rheumatology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - V-P Mäkinen
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Center, Adelaide, Australia.,SAHMRI, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Computational Medicine, Center for Life-Course Health Research, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - L Morin-Papunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - S Sebert
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Northern Finland Cohort Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - A J Kangas
- Computational Medicine, Center for Life-Course Health Research, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - P Soininen
- SAHMRI, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Das
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M De Iorio
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Coin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Ala-Korpela
- SAHMRI, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine and the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M-R Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Center for Life-Course Health Research, Northern Finland Cohort Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - S Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Preiss D, Rankin N, Welsh P, Holman RR, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Würtz P, Ala-Korpela M, Sattar N. Effect of metformin therapy on circulating amino acids in a randomized trial: the CAMERA study. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1569-1574. [PMID: 26887663 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether metformin therapy alters circulating aromatic and branched-chain amino acid concentrations, increased levels amino acid concentrations, increased levels of which have been found to predict Type 2 diabetes. METHODS In the Carotid Atherosclerosis: Metformin for Insulin Resistance (CAMERA) study (NCT00723307), 173 individuals without Type 2 diabetes, but with coronary disease, were randomized to metformin (n=86) or placebo (n=87) for 18 months. Plasma samples, taken every 6 months, were analysed using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ten metabolites consisting of eight amino acids [three branched-chain (isoleucine, leucine, valine), three aromatic (tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine) and two other amino acids (alanine, glutamine)], lactate and pyruvate were quantified and analysed using repeated-measures models. On-treatment analyses were conducted to investigate whether amino acid changes were dependent on changes in weight, fat mass or insulin resistance estimated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Tyrosine decreased [-6.1 μmol/l (95% CI -8.5, -3.7); P<0.0001], while alanine [42 umol/l (95% CI 25, 59); P<0.0001] increased in the metformin-treated group compared with the placebo-treated group. Decreases in phenylalanine [-2.0 μmol/l (95% CI -3.6, -0.3); P=0.018] and increases in histidine [2.3 μmol/l (95% CI 0.1, 4.6); P=0.045] were also observed in the metformin group, although these changes were less statistically robust. Changes in these four amino acids were not accounted for by changes in weight, fat mass or HOMA-IR values. Levels of branched-chain amino acids, glutamine, pyruvate and lactate were not altered by metformin therapy. CONCLUSIONS Metformin therapy results in a sustained and specific pattern of changes in aromatic amino acid and alanine concentrations. These changes are independent of any effects on weight and insulin sensitivity. Any causal link to metformin's unexplained cardiometabolic benefit requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Preiss
- Clinical Trial Service and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - N Rankin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Glasgow Polyomics, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - P Welsh
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R R Holman
- Diabetes Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A J Kangas
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - P Soininen
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - P Würtz
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine and the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - N Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Hemminki O, Immonen R, Närväinen J, Kipar A, Paasonen J, Jokivarsi KT, Yli-Ollila H, Soininen P, Partanen K, Joensuu T, Parvianen S, Pesonen SK, Koski A, Vähä-Koskela M, Cerullo V, Pesonen S, Gröhn OH, Hemminki A. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy identifies oncolytic adenovirus responders. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:2878-90. [PMID: 24248808 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
At present, it is not possible to reliably identify patients who will benefit from oncolytic virus treatments. Conventional modalities such as computed tomography (CT), which measure tumor size, are unreliable owing to inflammation-induced tumor swelling. We hypothesized that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) might be useful in this regard. However, little previous data exist and neither oncolytic adenovirus nor immunocompetent models have been assessed by MRS. Here, we provide evidence that in T2-weighted MRI a hypointense core area, consistent with coagulative necrosis, develops in immunocompetent Syrian hamster carcinomas that respond to oncolytic adenovirus treatment. The same phenomenon was observed in a neuroblastoma patient while he responded to the treatment. With relapse at a later stage, however, the tumor of this patient became moderately hyperintense. We found that MRS of taurine, choline and unsaturated fatty acids can be useful early indicators of response and provide detailed information about tumor growth and degeneration. In hamsters, calprotectin-positive inflammatory cells (heterophils and macrophages) were found in abundance; particularly surrounding necrotic areas in carcinomas and T cells were significantly increased in sarcomas, when these had been treated with a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing virus, suggesting a possible link between oncolysis, necrosis (seen as a hypointense core in MRI) and/or immune response. Our study indicates that both MRI and MRS could be useful in the estimation of oncolytic adenovirus efficacy at early time points after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group Transplantation Laboratory & Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Bogl LH, Pietiläinen KH, Rissanen A, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Rose RJ, Ala-Korpela M, Kaprio J. Association between habitual dietary intake and lipoprotein subclass profile in healthy young adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:1071-1078. [PMID: 23333726 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nutritional epidemiology is increasingly shifting its focus from studying single nutrients to the exploration of the whole diet utilizing dietary pattern analysis. We analyzed associations between habitual diet (including macronutrients, dietary patterns, biomarker of fish intake) and lipoprotein particle subclass profile in young adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Complete dietary data (food-frequency questionnaire) and lipoprotein subclass profile (via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were available for 663 subjects from the population-based FinnTwin12 study (57% women, age: 21-25 y). The serum docosahexaenoic to total fatty acid ratio was used as a biomarker of habitual fish consumption. Factor analysis identified 5 dietary patterns: "Fruit and vegetables", "Meat", "Sweets and desserts", "Junk food" and "Fish". After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking status and alcohol intake, the "Junk food" pattern was positively related to serum triglycerides (r = 0.12, P = 0.002), a shift in the subclass distribution of VLDL toward larger particles (r = 0.12 for VLDL size, P < 0.001) and LDL toward smaller particles (r = -0.15 for LDL size, P < 0.001). In addition, higher scores on this pattern were positively correlated with concentrations of small, dense HDL (r = 0.16, P < 0.001). Habitual fish intake associated negatively with VLDL particle diameter ("Fish" pattern and biomarker) and positively with HDL particle diameter (biomarker). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in young adults, higher habitual fish consumption is related to favorable subclass distributions of VLDL and HDL, while junk food intake is associated with unfavorable alterations in the distribution of all lipoprotein subclasses independent of adiposity and other lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Bogl
- The Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Mäkinen VP, Soininen P, Kangas AJ, Forsblom C, Tolonen N, Thorn LM, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Savolainen M, Groop PH, Ala-Korpela M. Triglyceride-cholesterol imbalance across lipoprotein subclasses predicts diabetic kidney disease and mortality in type 1 diabetes: the FinnDiane Study. J Intern Med 2013; 273:383-95. [PMID: 23279644 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating cholesterol (C) and triglyceride (TG) levels are associated with vascular injury in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Lipoproteins are responsible for transporting lipids, and alterations in their subclass distributions may partly explain the increased mortality in individuals with T1DM. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS A cohort of 3544 individuals with T1DM was recruited by the nationwide multicentre FinnDiane Study Group. At baseline, six very low-density lipoprotein VLDL, one intermediate-density lipoprotein IDL, three low-density lipoprotein LDL and four higher high-density lipoprotein HDL subclasses were quantified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At follow-up, the baseline data were analysed for incident micro- or macroalbuminuria (117 cases in 5.3 years), progression from microalbuminuria (63 cases in 6.1 years), progression from macroalbuminuria (109 cases in 5.9 years) and mortality (385 deaths in 9.4 years). Univariate associations were tested by age-matched cases and controls and multivariate lipoprotein profiles were analysed using the self-organizing map (SOM). RESULTS TG and C levels in large VLDL were associated with incident albuminuria, TG and C in medium VLDL were associated with progression from microalbuminuria, and TG and C in all VLDL subclasses were associated with mortality. Large HDL-C was inversely associated with mortality. Three extreme phenotypes emerged from SOM analysis: (i) low C (<3% mortality), (ii) low TG/C ratio (6% mortality), and (iii) high TG/C ratio (40% mortality) in all subclasses. CONCLUSIONS TG-C imbalance is a general lipoprotein characteristic in individuals with T1DM and high vascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- V-P Mäkinen
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Wang J, Stančáková A, Soininen P, Kangas AJ, Paananen J, Kuusisto J, Ala-Korpela M, Laakso M. Lipoprotein subclass profiles in individuals with varying degrees of glucose tolerance: a population-based study of 9399 Finnish men. J Intern Med 2012; 272:562-72. [PMID: 22650159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated serum concentrations of lipoprotein subclass particles and their lipid components determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a population-based study. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 9399 Finnish men were included in the study: 3034 men with normal fasting glucose and normal glucose tolerance; 4345 with isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG); 312 with isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); 1058 with both IFG and IGT; and 650 with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (New DM). Lipoprotein subclasses included chylomicrons (CM) and largest VLDL particles, other VLDL particles (five subclasses), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL (three subclasses) and HDL (four subclasses). The phospholipid, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesterol ester levels of the lipoprotein particles were measured. RESULTS Abnormal glucose tolerance (especially IGT and New DM) was significantly associated with increased concentrations of VLDL subclass particles and their components (with the exception of very small VLDL particles). After further adjustment for total TGs and HDL cholesterol, increased lipid concentrations in the CM/largest VLDL particles and in most of the other VLDL particles remained significant in individuals with isolated IGT, IFG+IGT and New DM. There was a consistent trend towards a decrease in large and an increase in small HDL particle concentrations in individuals with hyperglycaemia even after adjustment for serum total TGs and HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal glucose tolerance modifies the concentrations of lipoprotein subclass particles and their lipid components in the circulation and is also related to compositional changes in these particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Vangipurapu J, Stančáková A, Kuulasmaa T, Soininen P, Kangas AJ, Ala-Korpela M, Kuusisto J, Laakso M. Association between liver insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors. J Intern Med 2012; 272:402-8. [PMID: 22486802 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the associations between indices of liver insulin resistance (IR) and whole-body insulin sensitivity and different cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS A total of 8750 nondiabetic men (age 57.2 ± 7.1 years, body mass index 26.8 ± 3.8 kg m(-2) ) were included in this study from the population-based cross-sectional Metabolic Syndrome In Men (METSIM) cohort. Liver IR index and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were used as markers of liver IR and whole-body insulin sensitivity, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the associations between these indices and various CVD risk factors. RESULTS Total cholesterol (r = -0.088 vs. r = 0.020; P < 0.0019), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.284 vs. r = -0.219; P < 0.0019) and total triglycerides (r = 0.507 vs. r = -0.477; P < 0.05) were more highly correlated with liver IR index than with Matsuda ISI. By contrast, Matsuda ISI was nominally more highly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.234 and r = -0.275 vs. r = 0.202 and r = 0.239, respectively) compared to liver IR index. Furthermore, the variance explained by liver IR index was larger than that explained by Matsuda ISI for the majority of CVD risk factors measured. CONCLUSIONS Liver IR index correlated more strongly than Matsuda ISI with levels of total cholesterol, CRP and triglycerides. Therefore, liver IR might be a significant indicator of CVD risk amongst men.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vangipurapu
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio
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Tukiainen T, Jylänki P, Mäkinen VP, Gröhn O, Hallikainen M, Soininen H, Kivipelto M, Kaski K, Groop PH, Savolainen MJ, Pirttilä T, Soininen P, Ala-Korpela M. Mild cognitive impairment associates with concurrent decreases in serum cholesterol and cholesterol-related lipoprotein subclasses. J Nutr Health Aging 2012; 16:631-5. [PMID: 22836705 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests that serum lipids are associated with cognitive decline and dementias. However, majority of the existing information concerns only serum total cholesterol (TC) and data at the level of lipoprotein fractions and subclasses is limited. The aim of this study was to explore the levels and trends of main cholesterol and triglyceride measures and eight lipoprotein subclasses during normal aging and the development of mild cognitive impairment by following a group of elderly for six years. DESIGN Longitudinal. SETTING City of Kuopio, Finland. PARTICIPANTS 45 elderly individuals of which 20 developed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during the follow-up. MEASUREMENTS On each visit participants underwent an extensive neuropsychological and clinical assessment. Lipoprotein levels were measured via 1H NMR from native serum samples. RESULTS Serum cholesterol and many primarily cholesterol-associated lipoprotein measures clearly decreased in MCI while the trends were increasing for those elderly people who maintained normal cognition. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a decreasing trend in serum cholesterol measures in elderly individuals may suffice as an indication for more detailed inspection for potential signs of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tukiainen
- Computational Medicine Research Group Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Tukiainen T, Kettunen J, Kangas AJ, Lyytikainen LP, Soininen P, Sarin AP, Tikkanen E, O'Reilly PF, Savolainen MJ, Kaski K, Pouta A, Jula A, Lehtimaki T, Kahonen M, Viikari J, Taskinen MR, Jauhiainen M, Eriksson JG, Raitakari O, Salomaa V, Jarvelin MR, Perola M, Palotie A, Ala-Korpela M, Ripatti S. Detailed metabolic and genetic characterization reveals new associations for 30 known lipid loci. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:1444-55. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Würtz P, Raiko J, Magnussen C, Soininen P, Kangas A, Tynkkynen T, Thomson R, Laatikainen R, Savolainen M, Jula A, Viikari J, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Juonala M, Ala-Korpela M, Raitakari O. 21 COMPREHENSIVE METABOLIC PROFILING IMPROVES PREDICTION OF SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN YOUNG ADULTS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
ABSTRACTThe growth of strontium sulfide thin films in a flow-type Atomic Layer Epitaxy reactor from Sr(thd)2 (thd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione) and H2S has been studied. The growth is independent on flow rate and duration of the purge gas (N2) pulse and it does not depend on the Sr(thd)2 and H2S pulses either provided their amounts are sufficient to saturate the surface. The variables significantly affecting the growth rate are the substrate temperature and source temperature for Sr(thd)2. The observed lower than one monolayer growth rate is mainly due to the large size of the Sr(thd)2 molecule.
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Wurtz P, Soininen P, Kangas AJ, Magnussen CG, Raiko JH, Makinen VP, Groop PH, Thomson R, Savolainen MJ, Juonala M, Viikari J, Kahanen M, Lehtimaki T, Raitakari OT, Ala-Korpela M. BAS/BSCR47 Quantitative metabolic profiling of subclinical atherosclerosis by serum NMR metabonomics. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.205781.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mäkinen VP, Soininen P, Forsblom C, Parkkonen M, Ingman P, Kaski K, Groop PH, Ala-Korpela M. YI-821 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN TYPE 1 DIABETES: A METABONOMIC STUDY BY 1H NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF SERUM. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lähdensmäki K, Soininen P, Ala-Korpela M, Kovanen P, Öörni K. Th-P15:19 PLA2-generated hydrolysis products, free fatty acid and lysophospholipid molecules, accumulate in LDL particles at acidic PH. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Holappa K, Suokas M, Soininen P, Kellokumpu S. Identification of the full-length AE2 (AE2a) isoform as the Golgi-associated anion exchanger in fibroblasts. J Histochem Cytochem 2001; 49:259-69. [PMID: 11156694 DOI: 10.1177/002215540104900213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Na(+)-independent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchangers (AE1, AE2, AE3) are generally known as ubiquitous, multispanning plasma membrane proteins that regulate intracellular pH and transepithelial acid-base balance in animal tissues. However, previous immunological evidence has suggested that anion exchanger (AE) proteins may also be present in intracellular membranes, including membranes of the Golgi complex and mitochondria. Here we provide several lines of evidence to show that an AE protein is indeed a resident of the Golgi membranes and that this protein corresponds to the full-length AE2a isoform in fibroblasts. First, both the N- and C-terminal antibodies to AE2 (but not to AE1) detected an AE protein in the Golgi membranes. Golgi localization of this AE2 antigen was evident also in cycloheximide-treated cells, indicating that it is a true Golgi-resident protein. Second, our Northern blotting and RT-PCR analyses demonstrated the presence of only the full-length AE2a mRNA in cells that show prominent Golgi staining with antibodies to AE2. Third, antisense oligonucleotides directed against the translational initiation site of the AE2a mRNA markedly inhibited the expression of the endogenous AE2 protein in the Golgi. Finally, transient expression of the GFP-tagged full-length AE2a protein resulted in predominant accumulation of the fusion protein in the Golgi membranes in COS-7 and CHO-K1 cells. Golgi localization of the AE2a probably involves its oligomerization and/or association with the recently identified Golgi membrane skeleton, because a substantial portion of both the endogenous AE2a and the GFP-tagged fusion protein resisted detergent extraction in cold. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:259-269, 2001)
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Affiliation(s)
- K Holappa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Leskelä M, Niinistö L, Nykänen E, Soininen P, Tiitta M. Electroluminescent thin films containing terbium-activated strontium sulfide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(89)90114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mansikka K, Aikala O, Soininen P. Compton and Bragg scattering of photons from metals within the OPW model. Acta Crystallogr A 1984. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767384094800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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