Effective Contribution of Air Pollutants to Physiological and Psychological Human Diseases: A Systematic Review

Increasing globalization, industrialization, population, and burning of fossil fuels have been adversely affecting the environment for a long time. The consequences of the effects can be seen even within a short period of time in the current scenario. The air pollutants such as SO2, NO2, CO, and PM are the main contributors to the adverse health effects. Long-term and short-term exposure to pollutants may cause acute and chronic effects on the human body as they can enter deep into the organ and circulate in the bloodstream. The ultimate purpose of this review is to develop a quantitative perceptive of the existing state of facts about potential health effects concerning the dose-response relationship between exposure level of air pollutants and induced diseases. We have drawn around 376 scientific research papers on high-impact factors related to air pollution and health. These publications were analyzed with consideration of experimental methods, design, observations, and reports on the exposure through inhalation which may emulate the normal direction of exposure inside the human organs. The present study suggests the effects of epidemiological studies on associations between pollutant concentrations and human health. Most of the inferences evidenced the severe adverse effects of particulate matter (PM2.5 & PM10) on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Our present investigation reveals the health risk due to pollutants’ exposure to the vulnerable population anguishing with asthma, COPD, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer (physiological diseases); dementia, depression, and stress (psychological diseases).

Effect of association of temperature and pollutant levels on COVID-19 spread over Jaipur

The association of temperature and air pollutants is a very prominent factor which significantly affects human health and may cause diseases such as respiratory illness, cardiovascular mortality in spreading of different pathogenic diseases. The pandemic due to covid-19 infection may be affected by temperature and concentration of pollutants. Jaipur is one of the most polluted cities in Rajasthan of India as per World Health Organization, 2016; also, Jaipur city has a hot semi-arid climate with extremely hot summers. This fact tempered us to examine the impact of the association of temperature and pollutants on corona-virus infection in humans over Jaipur. Analysis was conducted by correlating air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO) on seasonal variations because the temperature is one of the major factors in changing seasons. Association between the number of Covid cases and temperature in Jaipur was observed during December 2019 to December 2020. Seasonal analysis indicated that the intensity of Covid-19 infection varied according to increase or decrease in temperature.

Slitted leading edge profiles for the reduction of turbulence-aerofoil interaction noise

Aerofoils operating in a turbulent flow are an efficient source of noise radiation by scattering vorticity into sound at the leading edge (LE). Much work has now been undertaken demonstrating the effectiveness of serrations, or undulations, introduced onto the LE can substantially reduce broadband LE interaction noise. However, all of this work is focused on sinusoidal LE serration profiles. In this paper, an alternative profile is proposed that is capable of providing significantly greater noise reductions than the maximum noise reductions that can be achieved by single-wavelength serrations of the same peak-to-root amplitude. In its most general realization, the LE serration profiles simply comprise of a sawtooth or single wavelength serration for which every root has a single narrow slit. This simple geometry, upon interaction with a turbulent flow, produces compact source regions at either end of the slit, which then destructively interfere, leading to considerably less efficient noise radiation than conventional single-wavelength geometries. The paper will demonstrate experimentally that even slits by themselves can provide greater levels of noise reduction than conventional profiles of the same peak-to-root amplitude.

Mucocele on Lower Lip: A Case Series

Mucocele is a common salivary gland disorder that can appear in the lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, appendix, or gall bladder. These lesions occur due to mucous accumulation resulting from the alteration of minor salivary glands. Lower lip is the most common site of occurrence of these lesions in the oral cavity and most probable cause is trauma or habit of lip biting. Diagnosis is mainly clinical due to its pathognomonic presentation. We report a case series of mucocele in children treated by conventional surgical excision of the lesion.