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Ajaykumar AP, Sabira O, Binitha VS, Varma SR, Mathew A, Jayaraj KN, Janish PA, Zeena KV, Sheena P, Venugopal V, Palakkapparambil P, Aswathi. Bio-Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles from the Leaf Extract of the Poisonous Plant, Holigarna arnottiana: Assessment of Antimicrobial, Antimitotic, Anticancer, and Radical-Scavenging Properties. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2468. [PMID: 37896228 PMCID: PMC10610394 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to fabricate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the poisonous plant, Holigarna arnottiana leaf extract. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by a color change from green to dark brown and validated by UV analysis. FTIR analysis identified functional groups on the AgNPs, while Zeta potential analysis assessed their stability. TEM analysis established an average diameter of 18 nm and a spherical morphology for the nanoparticles. LC MS analysis coupled with database searches revealed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, nucleotides, dipeptides, enzymes, and glycosides. These compounds are postulated to act as reducing agents in the leaf extract-mediated synthesis process. Moreover, the bio-fabricated AgNPs exhibited noteworthy anticancer properties against DLA cells. In addition, AgNPs displayed substantial antimitotic effects in an assay involving Allium cepa root cells. These findings underscore the potential of the AgNPs as cytotoxic agents. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed antimicrobial activity against various bacterial pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the AgNPs exhibited outstanding radical-scavenging properties in the DPPH assay, suggesting their potential application in antioxidant therapies. The study collectively highlights the successful synthesis of AgNPs through a green, biocompatible approach, and demonstrates their promising potential for anticancer, antimitotic, and radical-scavenging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthyalam Parambil Ajaykumar
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | - Ovungal Sabira
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | | | - Sudhir Rama Varma
- Clinical Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Anjaly Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India;
| | - Kodangattil Narayanan Jayaraj
- Basic Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pandikkadan Ayyappan Janish
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | - Koladath Vasu Zeena
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | - Padannappurath Sheena
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | - Veena Venugopal
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | - Priyanka Palakkapparambil
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | - Aswathi
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
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Sheena P, Janardanan KP. The life cycle of Hapladena gymnocephali sp. nov. (Digenea: Haploporidae) from the bald glassy perchlet Ambassis gymnocephalus in Kerala, India. J Helminthol 2007; 81:301-6. [PMID: 17875229 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x07818529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe life cycle of a new haploporid digenean, Hapladena gymnocephali sp. nov., infecting the bald glassy perchlet Ambassis gymnocephalus from the Chaliyar and Kadalundi rivers of Kozhikode district, Kerala, India, is elucidated. The new species is described in detail, its systematic position discussed and compared with related species, H. acanthuri Siddiqi & Cable, 1960 and H. spinosa Manter & Pritchard, 1961. Hapladena gymnocephali is distinctly different from the two latter species in the shape and size of body, nature of testis, extent of vitelline field and excretory bladder. Hapladena gymnocephali has a typical haploporid, two-host life cycle: the gymnocephalous, bi-ocellate, distome cercariae released by the snail Gabbia travancorica are ingested by the fish and develop directly into adults without undergoing a metacercarial stage of development. This is the first report of the genus Hapladena from India, and also the first report of the life cycle of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sheena
- Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala - 673 635, India
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Sheena P, Manjula KT, Subair KT, Janardanan KP. The life cycle of Mesostephanus indicum Mehra, 1947 (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae). Parasitol Res 2007; 101:1015-8. [PMID: 17514481 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The life cycle of the cyathocotylid fluke, Mesostephanus indicum Mehra, 1947 infecting the pariah kite, Milvus migrans govinda (Accipitridae), is elucidated. The species, reported by Mehra (Proc Nat Acad Sci India 17:1-52, 1947) from Buteo rufinus rufinus (Accipitridae), was transferred to the genus Prohemistomum by Dubois (Rev Suiss de Zool 58:639-691, 1951). However, it is retained in the genus Mesostephanus because of the presence of vaginal sphincter and caudal appendage, which are the characters of the genus. Its first intermediate host is the gastropod snail, Bellamya bengalensis (Viviparidae), which released the furcocercous cercariae. The prohemistomulum-type metacercariae encysted in the muscle tissues of the freshwater fish Rasbora daniconius and Puntius sophore (Cyprinidae), Mystus malabaricus (Bagridae), Heteropneustes fossilis (Heteropneustidae), Aplocheilus lineatus (Cyprinodontidae), Etroplus maculatus and E. suratensis (Cichlidae), and Pseudosphromenus cupanus (Belontidae). Recovery of M. indicum from M. m. govinda forms a new host record, and this is the first report of the life cycle of the genus from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sheena
- Department of Zoology, University Of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India
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