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Reyes-Ortega P, Rodríguez-Arzate A, Noguez-Imm R, Arnold E, Thébault SC. Contribution of chemical and electrical transmission to the low delta-like intrinsic retinal oscillation in mice: A role for daylight-activated neuromodulators. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 968:176384. [PMID: 38342360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Basal electroretinogram (ERG) oscillations have shown predictive value for modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes. However, their origin remains unknown. Here, we seek to establish the pharmacological profile of the low delta-like (δ1) wave in the mouse because it shows light sensitivity in the form of a decreased peak frequency upon photopic exposure. Applying neuropharmacological drugs by intravitreal injection, we eliminated the δ1 wave using lidocaine or by blocking all chemical and electrical synapses. The δ1 wave was insensitive to the blockade of photoreceptor input, but was accelerated when all inhibitory or ionotropic inhibitory receptors in the retina were antagonized. The sole blockade of GABAA, GABAB, GABAC, and glycine receptors also accelerated the δ1 wave. In contrast, the gap junction blockade slowed the δ1 wave. Both GABAA receptors and gap junctions contribute to the light sensitivity of the δ1 wave. We further found that the day light-activated neuromodulators dopamine and nitric oxide donors mimicked the effect of photopic exposure on the δ1 wave. All drug effects were validated through light flash-evoked ERG responses. Our data indicate that the low δ-like intrinsic wave detected by the non-photic ERG arises from an inner retinal circuit regulated by inhibitory neurotransmission and nitric oxide/dopamine-sensitive gap junction-mediated communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramsés Noguez-Imm
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional en Salud Visual D-13 y, Mexico
| | - Edith Arnold
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular A-14, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; CONAHCYT-Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Arzate CA, Noguez-Imm R, Reyes-Ortega P, Rodríguez-Ortiz LR, García-Peña MF, Ordaz RP, Vélez-Uriza F, Cisneros-Mejorado A, Arellano RO, Pérez CI, Hernández-Zimbrón LF, Dégardin J, Simonutti M, Picaud S, Thébault SC. Potential contributions of the intrinsic retinal oscillations recording using non-invasive electroretinogram to bioelectronics. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1224558. [PMID: 38269118 PMCID: PMC10806452 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1224558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted electric signal use for disease diagnostics and treatment is emerging as a healthcare game-changer. Besides arrhythmias, treatment-resistant epilepsy and chronic pain, blindness, and perhaps soon vision loss, could be among the pathologies that benefit from bioelectronic medicine. The electroretinogram (ERG) technique has long demonstrated its role in diagnosing eye diseases and early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Conspicuously, ERG applications are all based on light-induced responses. However, spontaneous, intrinsic activity also originates in retinal cells. It is a hallmark of degenerated retinas and its alterations accompany obesity and diabetes. To the extent that variables extracted from the resting activity of the retina measured by ERG allow the predictive diagnosis of risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Here, we provided a comparison of the baseline characteristics of intrinsic oscillatory activity recorded by ERGs in mice, rats, and humans, as well as in several rat strains, and explore whether zebrafish exhibit comparable activity. Their pattern was altered in neurodegenerative models including the cuprizone-induced demyelination model in mice as well as in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS-/-) rats. We also discuss how the study of their properties may pave the way for future research directions and treatment approaches for retinopathies, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Alejandra Rodríguez-Arzate
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional en Salud Visual D-13, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ramsés Noguez-Imm
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional en Salud Visual D-13, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Pamela Reyes-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional en Salud Visual D-13, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis Roberto Rodríguez-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda García-Peña
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Rainald Pablo Ordaz
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Fidel Vélez-Uriza
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Abraham Cisneros-Mejorado
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Rogelio O. Arellano
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Claudia I. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de los Hábitos, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Hernández-Zimbrón
- Clínica de Salud Visual, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México (UNAM), León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Julie Dégardin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Simonutti
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Serge Picaud
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie C. Thébault
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional en Salud Visual D-13, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
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Reyes-Ortega P, Soria-Ortiz MB, Rodríguez VM, Vázquez-Martínez EO, Díaz-Muñoz M, Reyes-Haro D. Anorexia disrupts glutamate-glutamine homeostasis associated with astroglia in the prefrontal cortex of young female rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 420:113715. [PMID: 34906609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss with a notorious prevalence in young women. The neurobiology of AN is unknown but murine models, like dehydration induced anorexia (DIA), reproduce weight loss and avoidance of food despite its availability. Astrocytes are known to provide homeostatic support to neurons, but it is little explored if anorexia affects this function. In this study, we tested if DIA disrupts glutamate-glutamine homeostasis associated with astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of young female rats. Our results showed that anorexia reduced the redox state, as well as endogenous glutamate and glutamine. These effects correlated with a reduced expression of the glutamate transporters (GLT-1 and GLAST) and glutamine synthetase, all of them are preferentially expressed by astrocytes. Accordingly, the expression of GFAP was reduced. Anorexia reduced the astrocyte density, promoted a de-ramified morphology, and augmented the de-ramified/ramified astrocyte ratio in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), but not in the motor cortex (M2). The increase of a de-ramified phenotype correlated with increased expression of vimentin and nestin. Based on these results, we conclude that anorexia disrupts glutamate-glutamine homeostasis and the redox state associated with astrocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Reyes-Ortega
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP76230, Mexico
| | - María Berenice Soria-Ortiz
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP76230, Mexico
| | - Verónica M Rodríguez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP76230, Mexico
| | - Eva Olivia Vázquez-Martínez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP76230, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP76230, Mexico
| | - Daniel Reyes-Haro
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP76230, Mexico.
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Soria-Ortiz MB, Reyes-Ortega P, Martínez-Torres A, Reyes-Haro D. A Functional Signature in the Developing Cerebellum: Evidence From a Preclinical Model of Autism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:727079. [PMID: 34540842 PMCID: PMC8448387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.727079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are pervasive neurodevelopmental conditions detected during childhood when delayed language onset and social deficits are observed. Children diagnosed with ASD frequently display sensorimotor deficits associated with the cerebellum, suggesting a dysfunction of synaptic circuits. Astroglia are part of the tripartite synapses and postmortem studies reported an increased expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the cerebellum of ASD patients. Astroglia respond to neuronal activity with calcium transients that propagate to neighboring cells, resulting in a functional response known as a calcium wave. This form of intercellular signaling is implicated in proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural precursors. Prenatal exposure to valproate (VPA) is a preclinical model of ASD in which premature migration and excess of apoptosis occur in the internal granular layer (IGL) of the cerebellum during the early postnatal period. In this study we tested calcium wave propagation in the IGL of mice prenatally exposed to VPA. Sensorimotor deficits were observed and IGL depolarization evoked a calcium wave with astrocyte recruitment. The calcium wave propagation, initial cell recruitment, and mean amplitude of the calcium transients increased significantly in VPA-exposed mice compared to the control group. Astrocyte recruitment was significantly increased in the VPA model, but the mean amplitude of the calcium transients was unchanged. Western blot and histological studies revealed an increased expression of GFAP, higher astroglial density and augmented morphological complexity. We conclude that the functional signature of the IGL is remarkably augmented in the preclinical model of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Berenice Soria-Ortiz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Pamela Reyes-Ortega
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ataúlfo Martínez-Torres
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Daniel Reyes-Haro
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
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Reyes-Ortega P, Ragu Varman D, Rodríguez VM, Reyes-Haro D. Anorexia induces a microglial associated pro-inflammatory environment and correlates with neurodegeneration in the prefrontal cortex of young female rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 392:112606. [PMID: 32387351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration-Induced Anorexia (DIA) is a murine model that reproduces weight loss and avoidance of food, despite its availability. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) integrates sensory inputs and updates associative learning to promote (hunger) or inhibit (satiety) food-seeking behavior. In this study we tested if anorexia induces a pro-inflammatory environment associated with microglia in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), specific subregions of the PFC involved in appetite. Our results showed that anorexia increased microglial density, promoted a de-ramified morphology and augmented the de-ramified/ramified ratio in the mPFC and OFC but not in the motor cortex. Anorexia also increased the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. This pro-inflammatory environment associated with microglia activation correlates with neuronal damage as revealed by Fluoro Jade C (FJC) and NeuN immunolabeling. We conclude that anorexia triggers a pro-inflammatory environment associated with microglia that correlates with neurodegeneration in the mPFC and OFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Reyes-Ortega
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Neurobiología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Boulevard Juriquilla #3001. Juriquilla, Querétaro; CP 76230, México
| | - Durairaj Ragu Varman
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Neurobiología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Boulevard Juriquilla #3001. Juriquilla, Querétaro; CP 76230, México; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Verónica M Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva. Instituto de Neurobiología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Boulevard Juriquilla #3001. Juriquilla, Querétaro; CP 76230, México
| | - Daniel Reyes-Haro
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Neurobiología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Boulevard Juriquilla #3001. Juriquilla, Querétaro; CP 76230, México.
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Ragu-Varman D, Macedo-Mendoza M, Labrada-Moncada FE, Reyes-Ortega P, Morales T, Martínez-Torres A, Reyes-Haro D. Anorexia increases microglial density and cytokine expression in the hippocampus of young female rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 363:118-125. [PMID: 30690107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia by osmotic dehydration is an adaptive response to hypernatremia and hyperosmolaemia induced by ingestion of a hypertonic solution. Dehydration-induced anorexia (DIA) reproduces weight loss and avoidance of food, despite its availability. By using this model, we previously showed increased reactive astrocyte density in the rat dorsal hippocampus, suggesting a pro-inflammatory environment where microglia may play an important role. However, whether such anorexic condition increases a pro-inflammatory response is unknown. The aim of this study was to test if DIA increases microglial density in the dorsal hippocampus, as well as the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in the hippocampus of young female rats. Our results showed that DIA significantly increased microglial density in CA2-CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) but not in CA1. However, forced food restriction (FFR) only increased microglial density in the DG. Accordingly, the activated/resting microglia ratio was significantly increased in CA2-CA3 and DG, in DIA and FFR groups. Finally, western blot analysis showed increased expression of IBA1, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the hippocampus of both experimental groups. We conclude that anorexia triggers increased reactive microglial density and expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β; this environment may result in hippocampal neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairaj Ragu-Varman
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, CP76230, Mexico
| | - Mayra Macedo-Mendoza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, CP76230, Mexico
| | - Francisco Emmanuel Labrada-Moncada
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, CP76230, Mexico
| | - Pamela Reyes-Ortega
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, CP76230, Mexico
| | - Teresa Morales
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, CP76230, Mexico
| | - Ataúlfo Martínez-Torres
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, CP76230, Mexico
| | - Daniel Reyes-Haro
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, CP76230, Mexico.
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Moreno-Carranza B, Bravo-Manríquez M, Baez A, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Ruiz-Herrera X, Reyes-Ortega P, de los Ríos EA, Macotela Y, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Prolactin regulates liver growth during postnatal development in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R902-R908. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00003.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The liver grows during the early postnatal period first at slower and then at faster rates than the body to achieve the adult liver-to-body weight ratio (LBW), a constant reflecting liver health. The hormone prolactin (PRL) stimulates adult liver growth and regeneration, and its levels are high in the circulation of newborn infants, but whether PRL plays a role in neonatal liver growth is unknown. Here, we show that the liver produces PRL and upregulates the PRL receptor in mice during the first 2 wk after birth, when liver growth lags behind body growth. At postnatal week 4, the production of PRL by the liver ceases coinciding with the elevation of circulating PRL and the faster liver growth that catches up with body growth. PRL receptor null mice ( Prlr−/−) show a significant decrease in the LBW at 1, 4, 6, and 10 postnatal weeks and reduced liver expression of proliferation [cyclin D1 ( Ccnd1)] and angiogenesis [platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 ( Pecam1)] markers relative to Prlr+/+ mice. However, the LBW increases in Prlr−/− mice at postnatal week 2 concurring with the enhanced liver expression of Igf-1 and the liver upregulation and downregulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 ( Socs2) and Socs3, respectively. These findings indicate that PRL acts locally and systemically to restrict and stimulate postnatal liver growth. PRL inhibits liver and body growth by attenuating growth hormone-induced Igf-1 liver expression via Socs2 and Socs3-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Moreno-Carranza
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro City, Querétaro, México
| | - Marco Bravo-Manríquez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro City, Querétaro, México
| | - Arelí Baez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro City, Querétaro, México
| | - Maria G. Ledesma-Colunga
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro City, Querétaro, México
| | - Xarubet Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro City, Querétaro, México
| | - Pamela Reyes-Ortega
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro City, Querétaro, México
| | - Ericka A. de los Ríos
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro City, Querétaro, México
| | - Yazmín Macotela
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro City, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro City, Querétaro, México
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