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Hofmann A, Khorzom Y, Klimova A, Wolk S, Busch A, Sabarstinski P, Müglich M, Egorov D, Kopaliani I, Poitz DM, Kapalla M, Hamann B, Frank F, Jänichen C, Brunssen C, Morawietz H, Reeps C. Associations of Tissue and Soluble LOX-1 with Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. J Am Heart Assoc 2023:e027537. [PMID: 37421287 PMCID: PMC10382096 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Indication for prophylactic surgical abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair depends on the maximal aortic diameter. The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is the major receptor for uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and is implicated in atherosclerosis. A soluble form of LOX-1 (sLOX-1) has been discussed as a novel biomarker in coronary artery disease and stroke. Herein, we assessed the regulation of aortic LOX-1 as well as the diagnostic and risk stratification potential of sLOX-1 in patients with AAA. Methods and Results Serum sLOX-1 was assessed in a case-control study in AAA (n=104) and peripheral artery disease (n=104). sLOX-1 was not statistically different between AAA and peripheral artery disease but was higher in AAA (β=1.28, P=0.04) after adjusting for age, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, prescription of statins, β-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and therapeutic anticoagulation. sLOX-1 was not associated with the aortic diameter, AAA volume, or the thickness of the intraluminal thrombus. Aortic LOX-1 mRNA expression tended to be higher in AAA when compared with disease, and expression was positively associated with cleaved caspase-3, smooth muscle actin, collagen, and macrophage content. Conclusions In AAA, sLOX-1 was differently affected by age, cardiometabolic diseases, and corresponding medical therapies. Comparison with nonatherosclerotic disease would be beneficial to further elucidate the diagnostic potential of sLOX-1, although it was not useful for risk stratification. Aneurysmal LOX-1 mRNA expression was increased and positively associated with smooth muscle cells and collagen content, suggesting that LOX-1 is eventually not deleterious in human AAA and could counteract AAA rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine andUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Yazan Khorzom
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine andUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Anna Klimova
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner Site Dresden and Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Steffen Wolk
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine andUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Albert Busch
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine andUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Pamela Sabarstinski
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine andUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Margarete Müglich
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine andUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Dmitry Egorov
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Irakli Kopaliani
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - David M Poitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Marvin Kapalla
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine andUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Bianca Hamann
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine andUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Frieda Frank
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine andUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Christian Jänichen
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine andUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Christian Reeps
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine andUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
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Hamann B, Klimova A, Klotz F, Frank F, Jänichen C, Kapalla M, Sabarstinski P, Wolk S, Morawietz H, Poitz DM, Hofmann A, Reeps C. Regulation of CD163 Receptor in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Associations with Antioxidant Enzymes HO-1 and NQO1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040947. [PMID: 37107322 PMCID: PMC10135987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells are found within the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), in the intraluminal thrombus (ILT), and in neovessels. Hemolysis promotes aortic degeneration, e.g., by heme-induced reactive oxygen species formation. To reduce its toxicity, hemoglobin is endocytosed by the CD163 receptor and heme is degraded by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). A soluble form (sCD163) is discussed as an inflammatory biomarker representing the activation of monocytes and macrophages. HO-1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) are antioxidant genes that are induced by the Nrf2 transcription factor, but their regulation in AAA is only poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to analyze linkages between CD163, Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 and to clarify if plasma sCD163 has diagnostic and risk stratification potential. Soluble CD163 was 1.3-fold (p = 0.015) higher in AAA compared to patients without arterial disease. The difference remained significant after adjusting for age and sex. sCD163 correlated with the thickness of the ILT (rs = 0.26; p = 0.02) but not with the AAA diameter or volume. A high aneurysmal CD163 mRNA was connected to increases in NQO1, HMOX1, and Nrf2 mRNA. Further studies are needed to analyze the modulation of the CD163/HO-1/NQO1 pathway with the overall goal of minimizing the detrimental effects of hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Hamann
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Klimova
- Core Unit Data Management and Analytics, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felicia Klotz
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frieda Frank
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Jänichen
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marvin Kapalla
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pamela Sabarstinski
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolk
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David M Poitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Reeps
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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Hofmann A, Frank F, Wolk S, Busch A, Klimova A, Sabarstinski P, Gerlach M, Egorov D, Kopaliani I, Weinert S, Hamann B, Poitz DM, Brunssen C, Morawietz H, Schröder K, Reeps C. NOX4 mRNA correlates with plaque stability in patients with carotid artery stenosis. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102473. [PMID: 36182808 PMCID: PMC9526188 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) develops from atherosclerotic lesions and plaques. Plaque rupture or stenosis may result in occlusion of the carotid artery. Accordingly, the asymptomatic disease becomes symptomatic, characterized by ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks, indicating an urgent need for better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and eventually prevent symptomatic CAS. NOX4, a member of the NADPH oxidase family, has anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of early atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that NOX4 mRNA expression is linked to protective mechanisms in CAS patients with advanced atherosclerotic lesions as well. Indeed, NOX4 mRNA expression is lower in patients with symptomatic CAS. A low NOX4 mRNA expression is associated with an increased risk of the development of clinical symptoms. In fact, NOX4 appears to be linked to plaque stability, apoptosis and plaque hemorrhage. This is supported by cleaved caspase-3 and glycophorin C and correlates inversely with plaque NOX4 mRNA expression. Even healing of a ruptured plaque appears to be connected to NOX4, as NOX4 mRNA expression correlates to fibrous cap collagen and is reciprocally related to MMP9 activity. In conclusion, low intra-plaque NOX4 mRNA expression is associated with an increased risk for symptomatic outcome and with reduced plaque stabilizing mechanisms suggesting protective effects of NOX4 in human advanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Frieda Frank
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolk
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Albert Busch
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Klimova
- Core Unit Data Management and Analytics, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden, Partner Site Dresden, University Cancer Center (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany
| | - Pamela Sabarstinski
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gerlach
- Core Facility Cellular Imaging (CFCI), Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitry Egorov
- Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irakli Kopaliani
- Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sönke Weinert
- Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Magdeburg University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Hamann
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - David M Poitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany and German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Reeps
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Hofmann A, Hamann B, Klimova A, Müglich M, Wolk S, Busch A, Frank F, Sabarstinski P, Kapalla M, Nees JA, Brunssen C, Poitz DM, Morawietz H, Reeps C. Pharmacotherapies and Aortic Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091753. [PMID: 36139827 PMCID: PMC9495607 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment of cardiovascular risk factors slows the progression of small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress- and hemin-induced enzyme providing cytoprotection against oxidative stress when overexpressed. However, nothing is known about the effects of cardiometabolic standard therapies on HO-1 expression in aortic walls in patients with end-stage AAA. Methods: The effects of statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), beta-blockers, diuretics, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and therapeutic anticoagulation on HO-1 mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed in AAA patients using multivariate logistic regression analysis and comparison of monotherapy. Results: Analysis of monotherapy revealed that HO-1 mRNA and protein expressions were higher in patients on diuretics and lower in patients on statin therapy. Tests on combinations of antihypertensive medications demonstrated that ACE inhibitors and diuretics, ARBs and diuretics, and beta-blockers and diuretics were associated with increase in HO-1 mRNA expression. ASA and therapeutic anticoagulation were not linked to HO-1 expression. Conclusion: Diuretics showed the strongest association with HO-1 expression, persisting even in combination with other antihypertensive medications. Hence, changes in aortic HO-1 expression in response to different medical therapies and their effects on vessel wall degeneration should be analyzed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-458-16607
| | - Bianca Hamann
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Klimova
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner Site Dresden, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Margarete Müglich
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolk
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albert Busch
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frieda Frank
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pamela Sabarstinski
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marvin Kapalla
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Josef Albin Nees
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Asklepios-ASB Klinik Radeberg, D-01454 Radeberg, Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David M. Poitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Reeps
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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5
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Hofmann A, Müglich M, Wolk S, Khorzom Y, Sabarstinski P, Kopaliani I, Egorov D, Horn F, Brunssen C, Giebe S, Hamann B, Deussen A, Morawietz H, Poitz DM, Reeps C. Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Is Linked to the Severity of Disease in Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022747. [PMID: 34622673 PMCID: PMC8751892 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is associated with high case fatality rates, and risk of rupture increases with the AAA diameter. Heme oxygenase‐1 (gene HMOX1, protein HO‐1) is a stress‐induced protein and induction has protective effects in the vessel wall. HMOX1−/− mice are more susceptible to angiotensin II‐induced AAA formation, but the regulation in human nonruptured and ruptured AAA is only poorly understood. Our hypothesis proposed that HO‐1 is reduced in AAA and lowering is inversely associated with the AAA diameter. Methods and Results AAA walls from patients undergoing elective open repair (eAAA) or surgery because of rupture (rAAA) were analyzed for aortic HMOX1/HO‐1 expression by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Aortas from patients with aortic occlusive disease served as controls. HMOX1/HO‐1 expression was 1.1‐ to 7.6‐fold upregulated in eAAA and rAAA. HO‐1 expression was 3‐fold higher in eAAA specimen with a diameter >84.4 mm, whereas HO‐1 was not different in rAAA. Other variables that are known for associations with AAA and HO‐1 induction were tested. In eAAA, HO‐1 expression was negatively correlated with aortic collagen content and oxidative stress parameters H2O2 release, oxidized proteins, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Serum HO‐1 concentrations were analyzed in patients with eAAA, and maximum values were found in an aortic diameter of 55 to 70 mm with no further increase >70 mm, compared with <55 mm. Conclusions Aortic HO‐1 expression was increased in eAAA and rAAA. HO‐1 increased with the severity of disease but was additionally connected to less oxidative stress and vasoprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Margarete Müglich
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Steffen Wolk
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Yazan Khorzom
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Pamela Sabarstinski
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Irakli Kopaliani
- Department of Physiology Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Dresden Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Dmitry Egorov
- Department of Physiology Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Dresden Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Franziska Horn
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation Department of Medicine III University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Sindy Giebe
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation Department of Medicine III University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Bianca Hamann
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Andreas Deussen
- Department of Physiology Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Dresden Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation Department of Medicine III University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - David M Poitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Christian Reeps
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
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