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Kourkoumpas DS, Βon A, Sagani A, Atsonios K, Grammelis P, Karellas S, Kakaras E. Life cycle assessment of novel thermochemical - biochemical biomass-to-liquid pathways for sustainable aviation and maritime fuel production. Bioresour Technol 2024; 393:130115. [PMID: 38013031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to carry out an integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental performance of a novel thermochemical-biochemical biomass-to-liquid pathway for sustainable aviation and maritime biofuel production. Five scenarios are defined, consideringdifferent types of biomass feedstock and biorefinery locations, in different geographically dispersed European countries. The results indicate that the replacement of conventional aviation and maritime fuels with sustainable biofuels could reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHG) by 60-86%, based on feedstock type. When the renewable share in the electricity mix reaches 100% (in 2050), the GHG emissions will experience a great decrease (26% - 68%), compared to 2022 levels. The non-renewable energy consumption will also decrease (by 56% - 83%), with results strongly affected by the electricity mix of the European country considered. This study demonstrates that the deployment of biomass-to-jet/marine fuel pathways could favor the industrial adoption of circular economy strategies for transport biofuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios-Sotirios Kourkoumpas
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas/Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CERTH/CPERI), 52 Egialias Str., 15125 Maroussi, Athens, Greece; National Technical University of Athens/Laboratory of Steam Boilers and Thermal Plants (NTUA/LSBTP), 9 Heroon Polytechneiou str., 15780 Zografou, Athens, Greece.
| | - Adamantia Βon
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas/Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CERTH/CPERI), 52 Egialias Str., 15125 Maroussi, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Sagani
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas/Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CERTH/CPERI), 52 Egialias Str., 15125 Maroussi, Athens, Greece; Department of Industrial Management & Technology, University of Piraeus, 80 Karaoli & Dimitriou St., 18534 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Atsonios
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas/Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CERTH/CPERI), 52 Egialias Str., 15125 Maroussi, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Grammelis
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas/Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CERTH/CPERI), 52 Egialias Str., 15125 Maroussi, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Karellas
- National Technical University of Athens/Laboratory of Steam Boilers and Thermal Plants (NTUA/LSBTP), 9 Heroon Polytechneiou str., 15780 Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouel Kakaras
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas/Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CERTH/CPERI), 52 Egialias Str., 15125 Maroussi, Athens, Greece; National Technical University of Athens/Laboratory of Steam Boilers and Thermal Plants (NTUA/LSBTP), 9 Heroon Polytechneiou str., 15780 Zografou, Athens, Greece
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Quan C, Miskolczi N, Feng S, Grammelis P, Wu C, Gao N. Effect of type of activating agent on properties of activated carbon prepared from digested solid waste. J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119234. [PMID: 37844398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion has been proved to be a widely used and effective technology. The main challenge for the sustainable biogas industry is to find ways to efficiently recycle and utilize the anaerobic digestate. The conversion of digestion products into activated carbon seems to be an attractive way. Therefore, the present study focused on assessing the potential of digested solids as a promising source of activated carbon using a range of activators including KOH, ZnCl2 and H3PO4. The activated carbon prepared from digested solids was subjected to an activation process to investigate the physicochemical and surface properties of the resulting activated carbon. The results showed that KOH appeared to be the best activator for producing activated carbon from high silica precursors such as digested solids. The effectiveness of KOH activation can be attributed to the ability of K to readily form poorly layered compounds with carbon, as well as a significant increase in the number of porosities during KOH activation due to the violent reaction of KOH with C and the volatilization of the inorganic minerals in the digested char. The KOH activated sample had the lowest La and Lc, which means it had the theoretically largest specific surface area. This study provides experimental basis and theoretical guidance for the conversion of digested solids into high value-added activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Quan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Norbert Miskolczi
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Process Engineering, MOL Department of Hydrocarbon & Coal Processing, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprém H-8200, Hungary
| | - Shaoxuan Feng
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | | | - Chunfei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Ningbo Gao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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Maragoudaki L, Atsonios K, Kourkoumpas DS, Grammelis P. Process integration and scale up considerations of Typha domingensis macrophyte bioconversion into ethanol. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Nikolopoulos A, Samlis C, Zeneli M, Nikolopoulos N, Karellas S, Grammelis P. Introducing an artificial neural network energy minimization multi-scale drag scheme for fluidized particles. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nikolopoulos A, Stroh A, Zeneli M, Alobaid F, Nikolopoulos N, Ströhle J, Karellas S, Epple B, Grammelis P. Numerical investigation and comparison of coarse grain CFD – DEM and TFM in the case of a 1 MW th fluidized bed carbonator simulation. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zeneli M, Nikolopoulos A, Nikolopoulos N, Grammelis P, Kakaras E. Application of an advanced coupled EMMS-TFM model to a pilot scale CFB carbonator. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nikolopoulos A, Nikolopoulos N, Charitos A, Grammelis P, Kakaras E, Bidwe A, Varela G. High-resolution 3-D full-loop simulation of a CFB carbonator cold model. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nikolopoulos A, Atsonios K, Nikolopoulos N, Grammelis P, Kakaras E. An advanced EMMS scheme for the prediction of drag coefficient under a 1.2MWth CFBC isothermal flow—Part II: Numerical implementation. Chem Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2010.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Skodras G, Grammelis P, Basinas P, Prokopidou M, Kakaras E, Sakellaropoulos GP. A Thermochemical Conversion Study on the Combustion of Residue-Derived Fuels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11267-008-9197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hilber T, Maier J, Scheffknecht G, Agraniotis M, Grammelis P, Kakaras E, Glorius T, Becker U, Derichs W, Schiffer HP, De Jong M, Torri L. Advantages and possibilities of solid recovered fuel cocombustion in the European energy sector. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2007; 57:1178-1189. [PMID: 17972763 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.57.10.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The 1999/31 Elemental Carbon Directive sets strict rules on the disposal of untreated municipal solid waste in the European Union countries and forces a reduction of the biodegradable quantities disposed off to landfills up to 35% of the amount produced in 1995 in the coming decade. More environmentally friendly waste management options shall be promoted under the framework of the Community Waste Strategy ([96] 399 Final). In this context, the production and thermal use of solid recovered fuels (SRFs), derived from nonhazardous bioresidues and mixed- and mono-waste streams, could be a key element in a future waste management system. Within the scope of the European Demonstration Project, RECOFUEL, SRF cocombustion was demonstrated in two large-scale lignite-fired coal boilers at RWE power station in Weisweiler, Germany. As a consequence of the high biogenic share of the cocombusted material, this approach can be considered beneficial following European Directive 2001/77/EC on electricity from renewable energy sources (directive). During the experimental campaign, the share of SRF in the overall thermal input was adjusted to approximately 2%, resulting into a feeding rate of approximately 25 t/hr. The measurement campaign included boiler measurements in different locations, fuel and ash sampling, and its characterization. The corrosion rates were monitored by dedicated corrosion probes. The overall results showed no significant influence of SRF cocombustion on boiler operation, emissions behavior, and residues quality for the thermal shares applied. Also, no effect of the increased chlorine concentration of the recovered fuel was observed in the flue gas path after the desulfurization unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hilber
- Institut fuer Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen (IVD), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Rampidis I, Nikolopoulos A, Koukouzas N, Grammelis P, Kakaras E, Simos TE, Psihoyios G, Tsitouras C. Optimization of Computational Performance and Accuracy in 3-D Transient CFD Model for CFB Hydrodynamics Predictions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2790176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Skodras G, Grammelis P, Basinas P. Pyrolysis and combustion behaviour of coal-MBM blends. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:1-8. [PMID: 16442282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2005] [Revised: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, thermogravimetric analysis was employed in order to investigate the behaviour of MBM and their blends with Greek brown coal, under pyrolysis and combustion conditions. MBM presented enhanced pyrolysis rates reflecting its high volatile and low ash contents compared to Greek brown coal. Increased conversion rates were observed when MBM was added in the brown coal sample. Significant interactions were detected between the two fuel blend components leading to significant deviations from the expected behaviour. The catalytic effect of mineral matter on the pyrolysis of MBM resulted in reaction rate decrease and DTG curve shift to lower temperatures for the demineralised MBM. Alterations in the combustion process due to the mineral matter were minimal when testing the blends. Interactions maintained during combustion and lower reactivity of MBM was achieved due to the reduced oxygen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Skodras
- Chemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Kaldis
- a Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - G. Skodras
- a Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - P. Grammelis
- c Department of Chemical Engineering , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Greece
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Skodras G, Grammelis P, Basinas P, Kakaras E, Sakellaropoulos G. Pyrolysis and Combustion Characteristics of Biomass and Waste-Derived Feedstock. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie060107g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Grammelis P, Kakaras E, Skodras G. Thermal exploitation of wastes with lignite for energy production. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2003; 53:1301-1311. [PMID: 14649749 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2003.10466304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The thermal exploitation of wastewood with Greek lignite was investigated by performing tests in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor, a 1-MW(th) semi-industrial circulating fluidized bed combustor, and an industrial boiler. Blends of natural wood, demolition wood, railroad sleepers, medium-density fiberboard residues, and power poles with lignite were used, and the co-combustion efficiency and the effect of wastewood addition on the emitted pollutants were investigated. Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen emissions were continuously monitored, and, during the industrial-scale tests, the toxic emissions (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans and heavy metals) were determined. Ash samples were analyzed for heavy metals in an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy spectrophotometer. Problems were observed during the preparation of wastewood, because species embedded with different compounds, such as railway sleepers and demolition wood, were not easily treated. All wastewood blends were proven good fuels; co-combustion proceeded smoothly and homogeneous temperature and pressure profiles were obtained. Although some fluctuations were observed, low emissions of gaseous pollutants were obtained for all fuel blends. The metal element emissions (in the flue gases and the solid residues) were lower than the legislative limits. Therefore, wastewood co-combustion with lignite can be realized, provided that the fuel handling and preparation can be practically performed in large-scale installations.
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