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Mohan D, Chinnasamy B, Naganathan SK, Nagaraj N, Jule L, Badassa B, Ramaswamy K, Kathirvel P, Murali G, Vatin NI. Experimental Investigation and Comparative Analysis of Aluminium Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Silicon Nitride, Eggshell and Magnesium. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6098. [PMID: 36079478 PMCID: PMC9458176 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In today's scenario, composite materials play a vital role in automobile, aerospace, and defence sectors because of their higher strength, light weight and other mechanical properties. Aluminium alloy Al6082 is a medium strength alloy with good corrosion resistance properties; hence, it is used for high-stress applications, bridges, cranes, etc. The present work focuses on comparing the mechanical properties of Al6082 and Al6082 with the addition of silicon nitride, magnesium, and bio waste of eggshells. Samples of Al6082 reinforced with 2% of silicon nitride (Si3N4), 5% of eggshell, and 1% magnesium reinforcements were prepared using the crucible casting process. Mechanical properties were evaluated through hardness test, tensile test and compressive tests, which varied with the additives of reinforcement materials. The results showed that the reinforced materials could increase mechanical properties. Further, it will be analysed by the machining parameters involved through the CNC turning process. Analysis of variance from optimisation technique shows a noteworthy increment of material removal rate (MRR) and significant decrement in surface roughness (Ra) and machining time compared to standard aluminium. Additionally, the analysis of mechanical testing has been predicted with the outcomes of stresses and displacements using the ANSYS platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanenthiran Mohan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM TRP Engineering College, Trichy 621105, India
| | - Balamurugan Chinnasamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | | | - Nagaprasad Nagaraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ULTRA College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai 625104, India
| | - LetaTesfaye Jule
- Centre for Excellence-Indigenous Knowledge, Innovative Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship, Dambi Dollo University, Dembi Dolo 260, Ethiopia
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dambi Dollo University, Dembi Dolo 260, Ethiopia
| | - Bayissa Badassa
- Ministry of Innovation and Technology, Addis Ababa 260, Ethiopia
| | - Krishnaraj Ramaswamy
- Centre for Excellence-Indigenous Knowledge, Innovative Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship, Dambi Dollo University, Dembi Dolo 260, Ethiopia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dambi Dollo University, Dembi Dolo 260, Ethiopia
| | - Parthiban Kathirvel
- School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Gunasekaran Murali
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia
- Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
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Ramalingam M, Mohan P, Kathirvel P, Murali G. Flexural Performance and Microstructural Studies of Trough-Shaped Geopolymer Ferrocement Panels. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5477. [PMID: 36013611 PMCID: PMC9410140 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Geopolymer mortar is the best solution as an alternative to cement mortar in civil engineering. This paper deals with the effect of geopolymer mortar on the strength and microstructural properties under ambient curing conditions. In this research, geopolymer mortars were prepared with fly ash and steel slag (in the ratio 1:2.0, 1:2.5 and 1:3.0) as precursors with NaOH and Na2SiO3 as activator solution solutions (in the ratios of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) with concentrations of NaOH as 8 M, 10 M, 12 M and 14 M to study the compressive strength behaviour. From the experimental results, it was observed that the geopolymer mortar mix with the ratio of fly ash and steel slag 1:2.5, 12 M NaOH solution and the ratio of NaOH and Na2SiO3 0.5 exhibits the maximum compressive strength results in the range of 55 MPa to 60 MPa. From the optimized results, ferrocement panels of size 1000 mm × 1000 mm × 50 mm were developed to study the flexural behaviour. The experimental results of the flexural strength were compared with the analytical results developed through ABAQUS software. It was observed that the Trough-shaped geopolymer ferrocement panel exhibits 56% higher value in its ultimate strength than the analytical work. In addition to the strength properties, microstructural analysis was carried out in the form of SEM, EDAX and XRD from the tested samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathy Ramalingam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Poornima Mohan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parthiban Kathirvel
- School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunasekaran Murali
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Ramalingam M, Narayanan K, Sivamani J, Kathirvel P, Murali G, Vatin NI. Experimental Investigation on the Potential Use of Magnetic Water as a Water Reducing Agent in High Strength Concrete. Materials 2022; 15:ma15155219. [PMID: 35955156 PMCID: PMC9369918 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
High-strength concrete is designed for a self-weight reduction structure and exhibits higher resistance to compressive loads. This paper proposes a novel technique to enhance concrete’s properties using Magnetic Field Treated Water (MFTW), describing the results of experimental studies to apprehend the fresh, hardened and microstructural behavior of concrete prepared with Magnetic Water (MW) using a permanent magnet with a field intensity of 0.9 Tesla. The novel scheme focuses on utilizing MW as a water-reducing agent instead of SP to improve the workability of fresh concrete with a 0.38 w/c ratio for achieving M40 grade concrete. Results show a 12% improvement in compressive strength and an 8.9% improvement in split tensile strength compared to normal water (NW) with 1% SP. At 30% cement volume reduction, Magnetic Water Concrete (MWC) performs better than Normal Water Concrete (NWC). Microstructure examination shows that a smaller Calcium Hydrate (CH) crystal is formed with MW and its mineral composition is observed through Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathy Ramalingam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636 005, India; (M.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Karuppasamy Narayanan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636 005, India; (M.R.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (P.K.); (G.M.)
| | - Jagan Sivamani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636 005, India; (M.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Parthiban Kathirvel
- School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (P.K.); (G.M.)
| | - Gunasekaran Murali
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Division of Research & Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248 007, India
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (P.K.); (G.M.)
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Ramalingam M, Narayanan K, Masilamani A, Kathirvel P, Murali G, Vatin NI. Influence of Magnetic Water on Concrete Properties with Different Magnetic Field Exposure Times. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15124291. [PMID: 35744364 PMCID: PMC9227616 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of a concrete mix are purely dependent on the hydration of cement that is carried forward by using the water quality used in the mix. Several researchers have focused on incorporating pozzolanic or nanomaterials to improve the hydration mechanisms and impart high strength to concrete. A new technology has been introduced to improve the properties of concrete by magnetic-field-treated water (MFTW). Due to magnetization, water particles become charged and the molecules inside the water cluster decrease from 13 to 5 or 6, which eventually decreases the hardness of water, thus improving the strength of concrete when compared to the use of normal water (NW). In advanced construction techniques and practices, the application of Magnetic Water (MW) plays an important role in boosting physicochemical properties. This research work focused on evaluating the standards of water quality through physiochemical analysis, such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), Viscosity, pH, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) with the MW at different exposure periods (60 min (MW60), 45 min (MW45), 30 min (MW30), 15 min (MW15), and instant exposure (MWI)). Experiments were carried out to evaluate the fresh, hardened, and microstructural behavior of concrete made with magnetic water (MW) using a permanent magnet of PERMAG (N407) under a field intensity of 0.9 Tesla. In addition, optical properties such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Ultraviolet (UV) absorption were considered for the MW60 mix to ensure water magnetization. Characterization methods such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed for NWC and MWC to quantify the hydrated products. From the results, it was observed that the magnetic effect on water characteristics showed significant improvement in the concrete properties with the increase in exposure duration. There were increments of 25.6% and 24.1% in workability and compressive strength, respectively, for the MW60 mix compared to normal water concrete (NWC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathy Ramalingam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636005, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Karuppasamy Narayanan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636005, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.R.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Arivoli Masilamani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636005, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Parthiban Kathirvel
- School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Gunasekaran Murali
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (G.M.); (N.I.V.)
| | - Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (G.M.); (N.I.V.)
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Kathirvel P, Murali G, Vatin NI, Abid SR. Experimental Study on Self Compacting Fibrous Concrete Comprising Magnesium Sulphate Solution Treated Recycled Aggregates. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15010340. [PMID: 35009486 PMCID: PMC8746273 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
It appears that the awareness and intentions to use recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in concrete are expanding over the globe. The production of self-compacting concrete (SCC) using RCA is an emerging field in the construction sector. However, the highly porous and absorptive nature of adhered mortar on RCA's surface leads to reduced concrete strength, which can be removed with the application of various techniques, such as acid treatment. This study investigated the effect of the partial replacement of silica fume by cement and natural aggregate (NA) by RCA with and without steel fibre. The used RCA was treated with magnesium sulphate solution. It was immersed in solutions with different concentrations of 10%, 15% and 20% and for different periods of 5, 10 and 15 days. Sixteen mixes were prepared, which were divided into six groups with or without 1% of steel fibre content. The fresh properties, compressive strength, split tensile strength and impact resistance were examined. The results revealed that the strengths of the mixes with 20% RCA were marginally better than those of the control mixes. The compressive strength and split tensile strength were reduced by 34% and 35% at 60% RCA content, respectively, as compared to the control mixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiban Kathirvel
- School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613404, India
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Gunasekaran Murali
- School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613404, India
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Sallal R. Abid
- Civil Engineering Department, Wasit University, Kut 52003, Iraq;
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Prabhu PS, Kathirvel P, Maruthamani D, Gopal Ram SD. Photocatalytic Activity of Pure and Zinc Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by One Step Direct Injection Flame Synthesis. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Marnadu R, Chandrasekaran J, Nguyen TD, Chang JH, Mohanraj K, Alshahrani T, Shkir M, Kathirvel P. A Facile Fabrication, Microstructural, Optical, Photoluminescence and Electrical Properties of Ni@CeO2 Films and p-Si/n-NDC Diodes for Photodetection Application. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-01965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Thangaraju D, Marnadu R, Santhana V, Durairajan A, Kathirvel P, Chandrasekaran J, Jayakumar S, Valente MA, Greenidge DC. Solvent influenced synthesis of single-phase SnS2 nanosheets for solution-processed photodiode fabrication. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of variant high boiling point solvent combinations in the synthesis and photo-sensing characteristics of tin disulfide (SnS2) thin nanosheets were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Thangaraju
- nano-crystal Design and Application Lab (n-DAL)
- Department of Physics
- PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research
- Coimbatore-641062
- India
| | - R. Marnadu
- Department of Physics
- Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science
- Coimbatore 641 020
- India
| | - V. Santhana
- nano-crystal Design and Application Lab (n-DAL)
- Department of Physics
- PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research
- Coimbatore-641062
- India
| | - A. Durairajan
- I3NAveiro
- Department of Physics
- University of Aveiro
- 3810 193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - P. Kathirvel
- Department of Physics
- PSG College of Technology
- Coimbatore-641004
- India
| | - J. Chandrasekaran
- Department of Physics
- Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science
- Coimbatore 641 020
- India
| | - S. Jayakumar
- nano-crystal Design and Application Lab (n-DAL)
- Department of Physics
- PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research
- Coimbatore-641062
- India
| | - M. A. Valente
- I3NAveiro
- Department of Physics
- University of Aveiro
- 3810 193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Darius C. Greenidge
- Shizuoka University
- Office of the Special Advisor to the President
- International Affairs (Geologist/Mineralogist)
- Shizuoka
- Japan
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Kathirvel P, Saraswathy V, Karthik SP, Sekar ASS. Strength and Durability Properties of Quaternary Cement Concrete Made with Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash and Limestone Powder. Arab J Sci Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-012-0331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Egelandsdal B, Ren L, Kathirvel P, Gong Y, Greaser M, Richards M. Addition of partly reduced bovine serum albumin to a metmyoglobin-fortified washed cod system gives reduced formation of lipid oxidation products and increased degradation of proteins. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pao P, Liang W, Kathirvel P, Pramono Z, Jong Y, Yee W. P3.30 Comparative study of antisense oligonucleotides targeting intronic splicing modulation sites for SMN2 exon 7 inclusion as therapy in spinal muscular atrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen HY, Kathirvel P, Yee WC, Lai PS. Correction of dystrophia myotonica type 1 pre-mRNA transcripts by artificial trans-splicing. Gene Ther 2008; 16:211-7. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Kathirvel P, Yu WP, Lim CC, Lai PS, Yee WC. N.P.2 07 Identification and characterisation of Fugu rubripes SMN gene. Neuromuscul Disord 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2006.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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